1, Introduction

Scientific papers mainly have the functions of bearing scientific research achievements, transmitting scientific information, guiding social production practice and serving economic construction. It has become an effective way and an important measure to inspect scientific and technological personnel.

Scientific papers are documents summarizing scientific and technological research results, which are scientific, innovative and academic. Different from literary writing, scientific paper writing is applied writing, and the quality of scientific paper writing directly affects the academic level of the paper. A good paper should not only have scientific analysis and argumentation, unique academic opinions, rigorous structure, clear levels and fluent sentences, but also follow a certain writing format. However, many scientific and technological workers often ignore this problem in the process of writing papers, which affects the quality and readability of papers and the passing rate of papers. Based on several years' work practice, the author discusses some problems in the writing format of scientific and technological papers from the perspective of editing, in order to help the majority of authors write their papers well.

2. Writing format

According to the definition in GB77 13-87 "Compilation Format of Scientific and Technical Reports, Dissertations and Academic Papers": "Academic papers are scientific records of an academic topic in an experimental, theoretical or observational way with new scientific research achievements or innovative ideas and knowledge; Or a scientific summary of the new progress in the application of a known principle to practice, and provide written documents that are read, exchanged or discussed at academic conferences, published in academic journals or used for other purposes. " Generally speaking, the structure of scientific paper writing mainly consists of three parts: 1), and the front part includes title, author, abstract, keywords and English abstract. 2) The main part, including introduction, text and conclusion. 3) References, including references, as well as more detailed supplementary materials, rare and precious materials, some important original data, mathematical derivation and so on.

2. 1, front part

2. 1. 1, title

Also known as the title, it is a sign that reflects the main content of the article. Scientific papers are mostly based on research objects, research purposes and research conclusions. Accordingly, the title of the paper must be accurate, vivid, brief, specific and searchable. When naming, try to use scientific style and use the most appropriate and concise words. Abbreviations, abbreviations, characters, codes and formulas should not be used easily. Titles generally do not exceed 20 words. Generally, the title of a foreign language does not exceed 10 notional words. When the title is too long or the meaning is not full, the main title indicates the overall scope, and the subtitle indicates the specific content or phased results. Thesis topics can be composed of various types of propositions such as purpose, object, method and conclusion. In the process of naming, the author should pay attention to: do not use "××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××× The topic should be closely related to the content of the article, which can properly express the scope and depth of the research. The central idea of the article should be short and concise, highlight the theme, and use subtitles as little as possible. The title should accurately reflect the specific content of the article and provide valuable information, so the words should be appropriate and accurate, not vague and avoid ambiguity. Try to use a scientific style. Don't use common names, idioms or outdated old nouns. Terminology published by the National Natural Science Terminology Examination Committee must be used. Loanwords, abbreviations, sketches, characters, symbols, codes, formulas and trade names that are unfamiliar, common and unfamiliar to colleagues are not allowed in the title.

Example:

1). Novel bipyrazolone 2) Liquid-liquid extraction of copper. Theorem of mechanical system with unilateral holonomic constraints 3). Digital filtering technology for on-line detection of partial discharge 4). The determination of trace mercury in environmental samples by dynamic sampling cold steam generation method highlights the specificity and novelty of the paper, and leads to the content of the paper accurately and vividly.

2. 1.2, author

That is, the person in charge of the paper must be a direct participant in all or major research work and a participant in writing the paper. When there are multiple authors, they are sorted according to the contribution, and their elements include real name (pen name is acceptable), work unit, province, city (region), postal code, etc.

2. 1.3, abstract

This is a highly objective summary of the content of the paper. It is self-evident, and should have the same core information as the text, so that readers can choose to read and retrieve the second document. Its content elements include research purpose, background, methods, results and conclusions. If there are multiple research purposes, we should select the essence. The research background mainly refers to the description of its origin, development and present situation. Research methods include instruments and equipment used, research objects and schemes, principles, theorems, mathematical analysis methods, effect evaluation standards, etc. The results should include observation, investigation, detection, statistical analysis, reasoning and argumentation, and the conclusion should include the contents to be further studied. "This article" is usually used at the beginning of the abstract. Without self-evaluation, supplement and explanation, it is generally not segmented. There are three kinds of abstracts: reportage abstract, teaching abstract and mixed abstract. The general length is 100 ~ 300 words. General reportage abstracts should not exceed 100 words, guiding abstracts should not exceed 200 words, and mixed abstracts should not exceed 300 words. Scientific papers are usually written as reports. Concise expression and accurate meaning. Should objectively reflect the original content, should not be a supplement to the text, comments or summary, and should not add explanations or comments other than the original content. Foreign language abstracts should not exceed 250 real words.

2. 1.4, key words

Select words or terms from the title, abstract and text of the paper, usually 3-8 words, to express the theme. Whether the keyword selection is appropriate is related to the retrieval probability of the paper and the utilization rate of the results.

2. 1.5, English abstract

Title, author, abstract and key words should be marked in English to facilitate international communication and retrieval. At the same time, we should not underestimate the classification number of China Library in the paper, which directly affects the retrieval rate and reading rate of the paper.

2. 1.6, author's brief introduction

The author's brief introduction includes: name, date of birth, gender, nationality, native place, unit, professional title, degree, research direction, etc. If your thesis is funded by a fund, please indicate the name and project number of the fund and list it at the bottom of the first page. However, the date of birth belongs to personal privacy, and some journals do not require it, so the author tends to respect the author's wishes.

2.2, the main part

The publication of scientific papers mainly lies in dissemination, so that people can understand and apply them correctly after reading them. To this end, we must use standardized language, not to use idioms and dialects at will, and not to use self-made words and phrases that make people puzzled or misunderstood. On the structural treatment of the paper: 1). Preface or introduction is too long; 2). The article is irrelevant; 3) Lack of basic skills in written language expression; 4) Problems such as poor conclusion directly affect the quality of the paper. In order to improve the pass rate of submission, the following aspects should be paid attention to when submitting.

2.2. 1, Introduction

Introduction or preface. This paper mainly explains why the research is carried out, and briefly introduces the purpose and scope of the research work, the preliminary work and knowledge gaps in related fields, theoretical basis, research ideas and methods, experimental design, expected results and significance. It should be concise and to the point, and avoid duplication with the abstract.

text

The text is the core part of the paper, which mainly expounds the research process and results. The text includes three elements: argument, argument and argument: argument is the author's idea and viewpoint, argument is the material used to prove the argument, and argument is the process and method of proving the argument with argument. These three elements include research objects, raw materials, instruments and equipment, experiments, observation methods and their results, calculation methods and programming principles, statistical data and charts, formed arguments and conclusions, etc. This requires clear arguments.

2.2.3 Conclusion or discussion

The conclusion or discussion is a summary of the full text (or an answer to the questions raised in the introduction), which should mainly clarify what the research results are. The conclusion is not a simple repetition of each paragraph, but a complete, accurate and sublimation. If we can't reach the proper conclusion, we can have necessary discussions, or put forward suggestions and ideas, or put forward problems to be further studied or development prospects. If others help you at work, you should record the units or individuals who thank you, usually after the text, and write separately. The reasons and objects of gratitude should be clearly stated, and the language should be sincere, concise and appropriate. Whether the thanks are recorded at the end of the article is up to the author.

2.3 reference

In order to meet the requirements of publication, references are not listed at the end of the paper. Reference is an important part of scientific papers, a reference to compare the relative level of papers, or a reference to operations, methods and thinking in practical work. They are the basis for the author to record the main documents cited in scientific papers and the readers to consult the original text, and also respect the labor achievements of others. The list of references should be the main documents directly read by the author and published in official journals. The format must be