Today, I learned Lu Xun's essay "Have China people lost confidence?" This is a rebuttal in an argumentative essay. Therefore, my teaching goal is to master the writing characteristics of refuting papers and experience the incisive and subtle language characteristics of articles.
I choose to finish this article in two classes. In the first class, I solved the difficult problems of students in the process of reading this article through cooperative inquiry and questioning.
In the second class, I choose to enter the text from refuting the characteristics of the paper. 1934, the state spread that "the national self-esteem and self-confidence have disappeared, and the country has long been on the verge of spiritual disillusionment." Under the circumstances at that time, what kind of exclamation was made by someone, and what was the author's attitude towards this exclamation?
Judging from the operation of the students in Class Two, the classroom effect is still good. However, some students still can't understand some contents in Lu Xun's articles, or they can't understand them.
The existing problems, 1 Writing background Students should speak out systematically after reading the text carefully and finding some information by themselves. Let the students have a general understanding.
2. It is enough to accomplish one or two teaching objectives in one class, and it is not necessary to cover everything. If you think about the future carefully, it will disrupt the classroom thinking and students' implementation will not be in place. Why not take it in practice and practice?
As the saying goes, "Reading a book a hundred times is self-evident." Therefore, the text should be read aloud, and it can be understood and improved in reading aloud. Especially the subtle and sharp words like Mr. Lu Xun.
Article 2:
Have China people lost confidence? Reflections on teaching
Chen Wenxing from Chengdong Middle School, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province
This article made a just criticism of the pessimistic and disappointing argument about the future of the Anti-Japanese War at that time. It not only lashed out at the Kuomintang reactionaries who pursued the policy of non-resistance, but also enthusiastically praised the struggle of the heroic China people and was full of confidence in the future of China.
Based on the seemingly irrefutable facts, the opening sentence points out three different attitudes of "China people" in three stages:
1, blind pride, arrogance. ("forever" means "forever". )
2, blind worship, with the help of foreign aid. ("only" means "only". )
3, today is not as good as before, pray for ghosts and gods. ("Blindly" means "be dead set". )
The combination of the three, the attitude is: from boasting to admiring foreign things, and then to deceiving others, illusory. Therefore, some people "sigh": "China people have lost confidence." This is an argument against the enemy. (These are the three "facts" advertised in newspapers and periodicals, but they are all "open" and superficial, and cannot reflect the essence and mainstream of society. ) repeatedly emphasize and affirm with three facts, that is, the facts have been cast into ironclad evidence.
"Loyalty" and "self-deception" are two new words specially coined by the author in this paper, which are caused by two pairs of antonyms of "self" and "the other", "belief" and "deception". This is a rhetorical device, and the contrast between these two newly coined words and the original word "confidence" shows extremely profound irony.
Second, the "someone" in the natural paragraph refers to the literati who refute each other's three arguments one by one. The article uses two hypothetical complex sentences. The first assumption "self-confidence" has long been lost, and the second assumption is to take a step back. Then it points out that after losing "faith", you may find a "new way", that is to believe in yourself. When the word "Dan" is changed, it is "misfortune", and you have embarked on a terrible road, that is, asking God to worship Buddha, which is illusory. This is because the upper rulers deceive themselves and cover up their evil purpose of pleading with imperialism to suppress the revolution. Therefore, it is self-evident who the "China people" in this article are.
The sentence with bullets here was deleted by the "book and newspaper inspection office" of the reactionary government, exposing the reactionary nature of the upper rulers who tried their best to pray to God and worship Buddha in order to cover up the true colors of surrender and betrayal.
The fifth paragraph demonstrates from the front and is the logical conclusion revealed in the third and fourth paragraphs. Losing both "self-confidence" and "trust" and taking the road of self-anesthesia is the performance of "self-deception in development" and breaks the essence of self-deception of reactionaries.
The second floor (6 ~ 8) positively eulogizes the people of China who fought bloody battles one after another in the history of our country, exposes the cruelty and diabolical acts of reactionaries, and refutes the argument against the enemy.
The sixth natural section is a transitional section, connecting the preceding with the following, clearly indicating that "we China people have not lost confidence". Then, I made a historical explanation of "self-deception", pointing out that "self-deception" is an old product of reactionaries, which has existed since ancient times and is even worse today. "Covering up" shows the seriousness of the flood of "self-deception" by the upper echelons of the Kuomintang at that time.
The meaning of "China people" here is very different from that of "China people" mentioned above. China people refer to the minority scum of the Kuomintang reactionaries; This refers to the rebellious people of China.
Who is the "backbone of China"? Why is it called "the backbone of China"?
One is that the broad masses of working people and inventors do not seek fame and fortune, but work hard to create social wealth and splendid culture and push forward history. Such as Bi Sheng and Li Shizhen. One is a revolutionary who stood up against reactionary rule without fear of bloodshed and sacrifice, and the other is a national hero who persisted in the war of resistance. Such as Chen She, Li Zicheng, Hong Xiuquan, Yue Fei and Wen Tianxiang. One is a person who represents the interests of the people, regardless of personal safety, cries out or relieves for the people's sufferings and intercedes for the people. For example, Du Fu, Bai Juyi and Guan Hanqing. One is a person who has gone through hardships and tried his best to explore Buddhism. For example, Faxian and Xuanzang.
This is the "backbone of China" and a visual evaluation of people who have played a progressive role in history.
In addition to historical figures, there are more heroes and greater struggles today. While praising the revolutionaries' firm belief and indomitable spirit, Mr. Lu Xun angrily exposed the enemy's crimes of "destroying" and "obliterating" the revolutionaries. Finally, Mr. Lu Xun solemnly declared: "It is slander to say that China people have lost their self-confidence, but it is ok to refer to some people. If you add it to all. " The shameless slander of "someone" is very clear and has strong feelings.
At this level, Lu Xun made a class analysis of "China people" from the perspective of dialectical materialism, and enthusiastically praised "China people who have not lost confidence" as "the backbone of China".
Lu Xun called on the broad masses of China people to open their eyes, strip off the enemy's disguise, and thoroughly smash counter-revolutionary conspiracy activities. At the same time, it is pointed out that "Prime Minister No.1" and "Underground" have different positions and attitudes towards revolution. "Premier No.1" is a flag-waving movement of a handful of upper ruling classes, and "underground" refers to the real representatives of China people and their brilliant achievements in the struggle. Metaphor is used here, which means that the articles of reactionaries and their royal scholars are absurd and unfounded, and they should go to another world under pressure to observe for themselves.