Investigation report on college students' diet in China 1
abstract
In recent years, the government of China has paid more and more attention to promoting scientific and nutritious diet for residents. Indeed, eating habits are extremely important. A person's eating habits represent his lifestyle. As aspiring young people who are about to enter the society, college students are in the stage of long body and long knowledge. Whether you have good eating habits is very important for its future development. As a college student, diet can not only provide them with nutrition, but more importantly, it can keep students in good condition during a heavy day's study and work.
At present, many college students still know nothing about how to have good eating habits, and they don't know or care whether their eating habits are healthy. Long-term bad eating habits are affecting the physical development of college students and threatening their future study. In order to further understand the dietary status of college students and better guide them to develop reasonable dietary habits, we organized this survey of college students' dietary habits.
Survey text
1. Respondents: college students.
Second, the purpose of the survey: through the understanding of most college students' eating habits, to further understand the eating habits of college students.
In order to correctly guide college students to develop good eating habits and have a good learning state. Let college students develop themselves better during their college years.
Third, the survey method: questionnaire survey (because the survey was conducted during the winter vacation, the forms of questionnaire distribution mainly include
Send and recycle through the network. )
4. Investigation time: 2065 438+02 65438+ 10 to winter vacation in February of the following year.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) survey content: see appendix.
Investigation and analysis of intransitive verbs
Through the collection and summary of the questionnaire, we did find some problems.
First, breakfast. Many college students don't notice the importance of breakfast. Although the survey shows that more than 93% of college students eat breakfast. However, about 47% people choose to take it to the classroom to eat. Through further understanding, some students even have breakfast in class. This has seriously affected classroom discipline. Among them, 23% students eat on their way to school, which is not a good habit. Eating while walking, especially on the roadside, is easy to increase the absorption of dust. At the same time, eating breakfast while walking has a certain negative effect on gastric dyspepsia, especially when eating and running, which is more likely to cause damage to the stomach, leading to indigestion and stomachache. According to the questionnaire, 28% of the students who skip breakfast are trying to lose weight. This is a wrong view. Skipping breakfast can't help you lose weight, but it will make you weaker. On the contrary, eating breakfast regularly and reasonably is a good way to lose weight. Breakfast plays a decisive role in diet. When people are asleep, the speed of metabolism will reach the lowest. As you wake up in the morning, your metabolism will gradually return to normal level. The faster you eat breakfast after waking up, the faster your metabolism increases. If you can do morning exercises for a while after breakfast, it will be more conducive to the digestion of fat. So eating breakfast every day is a good plan for students who want to lose weight.
About what to eat for breakfast, nearly 67% students choose to drink soybean milk and milk, which is a good choice. Eating these things in the morning is really easy to absorb. The survey also shows that 15% people choose dessert as breakfast. This is conducive to the accumulation of fat and is not conducive to weight loss. It is best to eat more coarse grains for breakfast to lose weight. Similarly, irregular breakfast is not conducive to physical development. According to the survey, 30% students choose to eat breakfast and lunch together on holidays, which is not conducive to digestion and will worsen stomach function. According to some nutritionists, breakfast is a very important meal, which is very important for people's health, because it provides the energy needed to start the day. Skipping breakfast will make people more likely to be obese, because: the body feels hungrier and will eat more in the future. Lack of energy will reduce the metabolic rate, which will make it easier to accumulate fat. The human body will be used to storing fat and consuming calories on an empty stomach. Many people who study longevity think that breakfast should be the richest.
The survey also shows that nearly 68% students choose to eat fried food. In fact, fried food also has many problems. The first thing to mention is the hygiene problem of fried food, especially in China, a country with irregular hygiene standards. There are two main health problems of fried food: First, the raw materials of fried food are unsanitary. The raw materials of many fried foods are almost bad or have been bad, but they look good and taste delicious when decorated with oil. Second, the oil used is unsanitary. Many street vendors often use some gutter oil to make fried food. In addition, fried food, especially oil cake, is a high-fat food, which smells fragrant and tastes refreshing, but the high fat contained in it is not easy to be digested by the stomach and intestines, which will lead to obesity and even symptoms such as indigestion, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Moreover, the oil contained in it will produce toxic and harmful substances after repeated high-temperature heating, destroying beneficial substances such as fat-soluble vitamins in food, which is difficult for the human body to absorb. The aluminum content of fried dough sticks and oil cakes is also seriously exceeding the standard. When answering "When eating, which meal is the most abundant", 53% of the students actually chose the same. As the saying goes, "Eat well early, eat well at noon and eat less at night" has certain scientific truth. This sentence reasonably distributes the heat and nutrition needed by the human body to three meals a day. Generally, it accounts for 30% of the whole day's heat energy in the morning, 40% in lunch and 30% in the evening to meet people's physiological conditions and work needs.
Through the investigation, it is also found that nearly 40% students have the habit of eating supper. I learned from the internet that eating midnight snack often is not conducive to the development of the body. Its hazards mainly include:
The peak of calcium excretion is usually 4-5 hours after eating. If you eat dinner too late, when the peak of calcium excretion comes, people have gone to bed and fallen asleep, and urine will remain in the urinary tract such as ureter, bladder, urethra, etc., which will not be excreted in time, resulting in an increasing calcium content in urine and easy deposition to form small crystals. Over time, it will gradually expand and form stones.
Hazard 2 midnight snack is better. Although rich in nutrition, it also exposes another problem, that is, how to consume nutrition. According to scientific research reports, eating a lot of high-protein foods such as meat, eggs and milk at midnight will increase the amount of calcium in urine. On the one hand, it will reduce the storage of calcium in the body and induce rickets in children, myopia in adolescents and osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly people. On the other hand, high calcium concentration in urine will greatly increase the possibility of urinary calculi. Moreover, if protein is ingested too much, it will stay in the intestine if it is not absorbed by the human body, and it will deteriorate to produce toxins such as ammonia, indole and hydrogen sulfide, which will stimulate the intestinal wall and induce cancer. Coupled with drinking, it is easier to become attached to "alcoholic fatty liver".
Hazard 3: I often like to eat supper. If I eat high-fat and high-protein food, it is easy to make the blood lipid in the human body suddenly rise. Human blood tends to maintain a high fat content at night. Eating too much at night, or eating frequently and repeatedly, will lead to a significant increase in blood cholesterol synthesized by the liver and stimulate the liver to produce more low-density lipoprotein. Carrying too much cholesterol to the arterial wall (including penile artery) has also become one of the causes of atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and impotence. At the same time, because of the long-term satiety at midnight, it will repeatedly stimulate islets and increase insulin secretion. Over time, it will cause the function of β cells to secrete insulin to decline, or even decline ahead of schedule, resulting in diabetes. These diseases will affect sexual function and lead to a decline in sexual ability.
The harm of supper, overeating will make the stomach swell and oppress the surrounding organs. After meals, the intense work of the stomach, intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and other organs will send information to the brain, which will cause the brain to be active and spread to other parts of the cerebral cortex, causing insomnia.
Therefore, the best way to maintain health is not to eat supper or eat less supper. If you really need to supplement nutrition at night, the best choice is carbohydrates, namely starch and sugar. Because this kind of food can indirectly improve the chemical reaction of the brain, make the body secrete insulin, thus playing a role in calming the nerves, especially beneficial to insomnia.
The survey shows that about 15% of students take snacks as their main meal, which is a mistake. Snacks contain many additives, which are harmful to the human body, and most snacks contain more oil, which is not conducive to human absorption, easily leading to obesity, and even lead to loss of appetite, vomiting and other phenomena.
In the overall evaluation of personal eating habits and the survey results of students' eating preferences, it is found that many students are partial to food. A single food can't satisfy the nutrition the body needs. Protein, sugars, lipids, vitamins, various minerals and trace elements are essential nutrients for human health. A single nutrient cannot work alone, and it must be combined with other nutrients to produce the best effect. Therefore, we'd better mix different foods in our daily diet. For example, when eating meat with some vegetables, it is best to eat some fruits in daily life, so that all kinds of nutrition can be reasonably matched and play a role.
In the evaluation of the school canteen, about 37% students think that the food in the school canteen is not palatable, and some students just go to the canteen to eat to save money. About 12% students choose to eat outside the school, and about 73% students choose to eat in roadside restaurants. However, the field survey found that the sanitary conditions of many restaurants around the school were not very good. About 60% restaurants use disposable chopsticks, but disposable chopsticks are not very hygienic in the production process, and contain Hericium erinaceus, which has a shelf life, and many students don't understand it. In these restaurants, because of limited conditions, nearly 90% restaurants did not disinfect tableware. As for the sanitary conditions in the kitchen, some are even worse. The walls were covered with oil smoke, and all the kitchen utensils were randomly placed. When cooking, the kitchen utensils use water at will. Therefore, eating in restaurants along the street is not a good eating habit. In contrast, the tableware in the school canteen is relatively hygienic, so it is recommended to eat more in the school canteen. This requires the school to strengthen the supervision of the school canteen, further improve the dining environment of the school canteen, pay attention to the reasonable combination of hygiene and diet, and let more students choose to eat in the canteen.
conclusion
There are still many problems in the eating habits of modern college students, which still need guidance. With good eating habits, you can have a good body and a full study state. Therefore, it is very important to have a good eating habit. Schools should strengthen the guidance of college students' eating habits, further strengthen their health awareness and sports awareness, so as to better improve the quality of learning. Individuals should also pay more attention to whether their eating habits are reasonable, pay attention to the reasonable collocation of diet nutrition and food hygiene, and develop good eating habits.
Investigation report on catering industry in China II
As a livelihood industry, the catering industry has never had an authoritative investigation report. With the expectation of many people in the industry, China Hotel Association, together with Beijing Catering Industry Association, Shanghai Catering Association, Tianjin Hotel Association, Chongqing Catering Industry Association, Guangdong Catering Service Industry Association, Sichuan Hotel Catering Entertainment Industry Association, Hangzhou Catering Hotel Industry Association, Xi Hotel Catering Industry Association, Nanjing Catering Chamber of Commerce and Xinjiang Hotel Association, completed the first national catering enterprise management survey that lasted for half a year. On this basis, the first "20 16 Survey Report on Catering Enterprises in China" was compiled. I hope this report can become the most professional, detailed and authentic statistical research data of the catering industry in China, analyze the development status and development mode of catering enterprises, and provide services for the industry to cultivate brands, set benchmarks and list enterprises.
This report * * * summarizes the situation of hundreds of catering enterprises, involving thousands of restaurants and millions of seats, covering special catering, hotel catering, hot pot, snacks, fast food, leisure catering and other formats, mainly representative enterprises and leading enterprises of various formats, regions and types in the domestic catering industry, covering all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. It should be said that it summarizes the outstanding enterprises in the industry. This survey obviously has two characteristics: First, more and more enterprises actually fill in the data, and the industry development has gradually entered the track of standardized development. Second, the combination of enterprise declaration and expert investigation truly reflects the development status of the industry. In view of the large gap between enterprises in the catering industry, some indicators in this report will be slightly higher than the industry average.
The main conclusions of this investigation report are as follows:
First, brand performance.
This report draws lessons from American restaurants &; In the general way of ranking American catering enterprises (see the annex of the report), the organization ranks domestic ethnic catering brands and single restaurants, ranking the top 30 and the top 20 respectively according to the turnover of each enterprise, hoping to objectively judge the real development of these brands and set a benchmark for the industry. In order to ensure the reference of the data, the top ten catering brands in China are Hangzhou Yinfu, Xinghualou, Little Sheep, Quanjude, South Beauty, Guangzhou Restaurant, Xiaonanguo, Dio Coffee, Xiangyang Fishing Port and Meilong Town. The top ten restaurants in China are Quanjude (Beijing Heping Store), White Swan Hotel, Leopard (Shanghai Yan 'an West Road Store), Jin Yue (Beijing Aerospace Bridge Store Head Office), Kanglong Prince Wine Pavilion (Wuhan Financial Store), China World Hotel, Jingya (Beijing Wukesong Store), Zhiweiguan (Head Office), Shipu (Ningbo Tianyi Store) and Louwailou (Louwailou).
The survey results show that the business scale of catering enterprises in China is constantly expanding, and the total turnover of the top 30 brands exceeds 1 50 billion, while the annual turnover of the top 20 restaurants is above1100 million yuan on average.
Second, the enterprise performance
In 20 16, the average profit rate, per capita labor efficiency, revenue per square meter and revenue per table of catering enterprises in China have achieved good results. The average profit rate of the top 30 national catering brands is 8.2%, and the top three enterprises with profit rates are Shanghai Old Town God Temple, Shanghai Xiaonanguo and Xiamen Shuyou Seafood. The average annual per capita labor efficiency of the top 30 brands is 6.5438+0.82 million yuan, and the top three brands are Shanghai Old Town God Temple, Shanghai Xinghualou and Guangzhou Restaurant.
From the perspective of single store, the per capita labor efficiency of the top 20 brands is 234,000 yuan, and the top three brands are Quanjude Heping Store, Beijing Jin Yue Aerospace Bridge Store and Ningbo Shipu Tianyi Plaza Store. The average daily revenue per square meter is 44.2 yuan, and the top three enterprises are Guangzhou White Swan Hotel, Guangzhou Restaurant and Beijing Jin Yue. The average daily income per meal is 255.2 yuan, and the top three are Jin Yue in Beijing, Ginkgo in Sichuan and Quanjude in Beijing. The average number of employees per meal is 0.43. It is generally believed that a catering enterprise with an area of 5 square meters per meal and more than 0.5 employees per meal is a well-equipped enterprise.