Collectivism is a value system which contains many basic human values, such as discipline, respect, responsibility, unity and tolerance. They are indispensable to the spirit of collectivism and play an important role in safeguarding the collective. Based on this, this paper discusses the importance of discipline, respect, responsibility, unity and tolerance in collectivism education, and emphasizes it as the basic goal of collectivism education.
Keywords: collectivism; Collectivism education; Basic value
Collectivism is an important value principle of the socialist core value system, which fully embodies the unity of the diversity of value trends and the unity of value orientation, the unity of people as the purpose and means, the unity of social fairness and justice, and the unity of "heteronomy" and "self-discipline", and plays an important role in building a harmonious socialist society in China. The importance of collectivism values requires us to attach great importance to it, which requires us to attach importance to the education of collectivism values and cultivate people's collectivism spirit. So, what does collectivism value education pay attention to? What is its goal? Is it a "sage" morality to ask individuals to unconditionally eliminate their selfish desires and interests and pursue "selflessness", "selfless dedication" and "selflessness and preferential treatment to others"? Is to let students remember "love the collective" every day; Adhere to collectivism and oppose individualism; Do you want to contribute to the collective "and so on? ... obviously, this is unrealistic in people's eyes, and it is easy to give people a sense of loneliness and abstraction; Such collectivism education is only an external behavior constraint and control, and it has become an alien force imposed on students by the outside world. So, what should be the basic goal of collectivism values education? Man is a gregarious animal. In order for him to live and develop well in social groups, he must have the basic human values of respect, unity and tolerance. In order to cultivate students' collectivism spirit and consciousness, collectivism education should first focus on cultivating these basic human values. Starting from the intersection of human basic values and collectivism values, this paper discusses the basic values elements that maintain the collective, and discusses the importance of these elements in collectivism values education. This paper also hopes that educators can attach importance to the goal of cultivating students' basic values in collectivism education and put it into practice.
First, discipline.
Discipline is an indispensable tool for society. Discipline is an important way to control people's desires. Discipline aims at order, so it is the main way of moral education. Emile, a famous French sociologist? Emile Durkheim said in "Moral Education": "On the basis of moral life, there is not only a preference for conventions, but also the concept of moral authority. In addition, these two aspects of morality are closely linked, and their unity comes from a more complex concept that can include both. This is the concept of discipline ... The basic element of morality is discipline. " ? This shows the necessity and importance of discipline in one's moral life. People always live in groups. Only by following certain disciplines (tangible or intangible) and standardizing their own behavior can the collective exist and develop in an orderly manner. To cultivate people's collectivism spirit, of course, we can't ignore the cultivation of people's discipline spirit.
The school is a large group with students from different families. Every student has his own personality and pursuit. If he goes his own way and has no discipline requirements, then it is impossible to form a group and cultivate students' collectivism spirit. Although collectivism protects the legitimate interests of individuals, recognizes the rationality of individual interests and ensures individual personality and development, it cannot be unlimited. Individuals can satisfy their desires without restraint, and ultimately they can only harm themselves. In human behavior, only when some tendencies are restricted, some desires are suppressed, and some tendencies are weakened, the behavior becomes ethical, that is, orderly behavior. Of course, when we emphasize discipline in collectivist values education, we should take into account that the purpose of discipline is not to make people obey, nor to cultivate people's servility, so it will not be cultivated for people, but to become discipline. Such education will not cultivate people's true discipline spirit.
Second, respect
Cultivating the values that students respect is one of the contents of collectivism education, which is the need to better safeguard the existence of the collective, cultivate people's collective consciousness and promote collective development; But also people's own needs. Because people are group animals and always live in certain social groups, the harmonious coexistence between people and the development of groups or collectives are inseparable from mutual respect between people. Respect is the combination of his respect and self-esteem. The need of respect is the basic need of individuals and the need of people's continuous growth and development in society. As an inherent necessity, this need stipulates all human activities, which is not only the internal potential and strength of individuals, but also the result of interaction with social environment in the process of individual growth and development. It includes both the hope of being respected by others and the personal respect for yourself. In short, everyone needs respect, and everyone should also respect others and meet their own needs for respect.
At the same time, when we emphasize respect, we should not respect without principles, but also put forward certain requirements for students. Ann, a famous collectivist educator in the Soviet Union? Thanks? Makarenko (A.C.MakapeHKO) pointed out that when cultivating people's collectivism, we should not only ask as many people as possible, but also respect as much as possible. According to makarenko's point of view, demand and respect are consistent: "Our demand for individuals shows respect for personal strength and possibility; On our part, we also show personal requirements. " He also said, "If there is no requirement for individuals, then it is impossible to establish a collective or a collective discipline ..."? ②
In the education of respecting value, we should adhere to the combination of strict requirements and respect, start with cultivating students' self-esteem, and then cultivate their respect for others and the collective. With respect between people, hearts can be linked together and collectives can be United.
Third, responsibility.
Man is an existence open to others, an existence open to dissidents, and life is essentially the same kind of life, which is the moral dimension of life. It is precisely because of this interdependent state of human nature and the essence of life that responsibility becomes the necessary moral foundation. Marx once said: "As a definite person and a realistic person, you have rules, a mission and a responsibility. It doesn't matter whether you realize it or not. This task is due to your needs and its connection with the existing world. " ? So, what is responsibility? In a narrow sense, responsibility is more related to morality, and moral responsibility takes personal voluntary commitment as the highest realm. Any discussion about moral education will involve moral responsibility, because in a sense, moral education is responsibility education, that is, teaching people to act responsibly. The reason why people are responsible is also the requirement of people as a valuable person. "People, everyone who is morally valuable, must bear some responsibilities. Nothing bears or bears any responsibility, not people, but things. " ? As an important part of moral education, collectivism education cannot ignore the cultivation of people's sense of responsibility.
Soviet educator Suhomlinski attached great importance to the cultivation of students' sense of responsibility in collectivism education. He believes that the main strength of uniting all teachers and students and all members of the collective in spirit is that people care about people, people are responsible for people, and people have a sense of responsibility for the collective and society. Collectivism education should attach importance to cultivating people's sense of responsibility. He said: "This is an important rule to cultivate the collective. What I'm talking about here is the consistency between citizens' responsibilities to themselves and others and everything that happens around them. When a person educates others as well as himself, the qualities that a citizen should possess will begin to enter his spiritual life. Years of experience tell us that every member of the school collective is responsible for others, which is a great educational force. This power can unite students of different ages into a unity of labor, intelligence and thought. " ? ⑤
The cultivation of the collective is inseparable from the cultivation of people's sense of responsibility. In the collectivism education in our school, we should attach importance to the cultivation of students' sense of responsibility, so that students can form the habit of being responsible for themselves and others from an early age, and then they can meet higher requirements, that is, being responsible for the collective and the society.
Fourth, unity.
Man is a gregarious animal, with the need of belonging and love and overcoming loneliness. To meet these needs, we must combine ourselves with others, make ourselves belong to a certain group, become a member of the group, jointly create a collective life, share the obligations and burdens entrusted by the collective life, and share the benefits of cooperation and the joy of the extended family. This relationship between people is unified. The value of unity lies in that it is the embodiment of people's sense of belonging, friendship and other emotions, and it is the basic condition for a collective to survive and develop. Without unity, there will be no social integration, and there will be no so-called collective; The sense of belonging, identity and friendship embodied in unity is an important link to maintain the collective. Sociologist Durkheim once said: "If they (groups) have disappeared, it is because they no longer meet the new conditions of collective life. What we must do is to create a group that is consistent with the current social order and the principles on which it depends. However, the only way to do this is to bathe in the spirit of unity ... Unless this spirit of unity and community awareness are aroused, these groups cannot be reborn. " ? ⑥
Unity is very important for maintaining the collective, so we must pay attention to cultivating students' values of unity in collectivism education. In education, educators should consciously cultivate students' sense of unity, make each student feel that his value is a skill of everyone's value, and let everyone be recognized, so as to effectively cultivate students' sense of unity. The enhancement of unity consciousness will inevitably strengthen the trust and friendship between people, and then promote the development of the collective.
Verb (short for verb) tolerance
Tolerance is a rational and intelligent life attitude and practice mode based on value diversification. It means the recognition of realistic subject and value diversification, the respect of equal status among different subjects and the objective understanding of different value standards, and more importantly, it means the persistence of one's own belief in value standards. At present, we are in an era of diversified values, and there are many cultural exchanges and global exchanges. This background requires mutual tolerance between people.
The cultivation of collectivism values needs the existence of tolerance values. In a collective, there are people with different hobbies, habits and personality characteristics, and conflicts between people are inevitable, which requires mutual tolerance. Only tolerance can solve conflicts and make the collective progress; Only when everyone has a tolerant heart can our collective get happiness. In a word, tolerance is an atmosphere of being a man and a rare mind. Tolerance is needed in life. If you live in a group, you should give others more understanding and care, handle all kinds of interpersonal relationships and promote the progress and development of the group. If a school wants to do a good job in collectivism education and improve the effect of collectivism education, it must first be able to maintain a good collective, which can not ignore the cultivation of students' tolerance spirit. Because students only have a tolerant heart, they can get along with others better, unite people better and enhance the cohesion of the collective.
The values of discipline, responsibility, respect, unity and tolerance are all interrelated. Responsibility is the extension of respect; The key to unity is that everyone is respected; Only when people are tolerant of each other can they be respectful, united and responsible. Discipline provides a guarantee for the cultivation of these values and the smooth development of collective activities. Some people may say that these basic values are indeed indispensable to collectivism, but how can we really cultivate these values of students? Is it okay to teach only in class? Here, what this article wants to point out is that educators can't confine collectivism education to the classroom, nor can they confine themselves to repeating and expounding abstract words such as collectivism, responsibility and obligation in perceptual language, so that in the end, they can only get a collectivism concept that is Nuo Nuo-only. Educators should pay attention to students' daily life and cultivate students' basic values in activities, such as responsibility, cooperation and respect, which are constantly cultivated in people's life and communication. As Dewey said: "Morality is closely related to the fact of existence, not to the ideal, purpose and responsibility divorced from concrete reality. As the basis of morality, facts come from the close relationship between people and the results of interrelated activities such as people's wishes, beliefs, judgments, satisfaction and dissatisfaction in life. " ? ⑦ Therefore, when cultivating students' values such as discipline, respect and responsibility, in addition to classroom teaching, some activities related to students' daily life should be carried out appropriately; Let students experience and internalize various values such as "respect" and "responsibility" based on the needs of human life in activities, internalize collectivism into their own beliefs and spiritual pursuits, and consciously practice it in life. Only in this way can collectivism become a thing all the time, not all the time.
Collectivism values are a kind of value system, which contains many basic human values, such as discipline, respect and unity. The cultivation of collectivism spirit should also start with the cultivation of these basic values, so that the goal of collectivism education can be more specific, clear and acceptable. Of course, these values are not unique to collectivism values, and other values also contain these elements, and they are not the only goal of collectivism education. However, in China's collectivism education, these basic values can't be ignored at all, because they contain the concept of "group", are the basic elements of harmonious coexistence among people, and are indispensable elements for the existence and development of a collective. In collectivism education, only by cultivating students' basic values can students become people who care about others and society and have a real collectivism spirit.
[Notes]
(1) [France] emir? Durkheim Moral education [M]. Trans. Chen Guangjin and Shen Jie. Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2006: 27.
② Wu Shiying. Makarenko's education anthology [M] (Volume II). People's Education Press, 2005: 402.
(3) Selected Works of Marx and Engels (Volume III) [M]. People's Publishing House, 1960: 329.
4 [Germany] Emanuel? Kant. Principles of moral metaphysics [M]. Trans. Miao Tianli. Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2005: 7 (Preface).
⑤ Selected Works of Suhomlinski (five volumes) 1 Volume [M]. Education Science Press, 2005438+0: 536.
6 emir? Durkheim Moral education [M]. Trans. Chen Guangjin, Shen Jie and so on. Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2006: 172.
All landowners Dewey. Individualism-Selected Works of Dewey [M]. Trans. Sun, Lan, etc. Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Press, 1997: 105.
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