At present, the smog process in some parts of China is closely related to trace gases, such as nitrogen oxides, ozone and volatile organic compounds. In order to study and solve the problems closely related to us, such as air pollution and global climate change, it is necessary to measure the concentration and emission flux of trace gases in the atmosphere more accurately, and Fu Qi is working hard for this.
Before the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008, although China set up an automatic air quality monitoring station with the city as the center to monitor pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and inhalable particulate matter (PM 10) in the air every day, these monitoring data can not fully reflect the real situation of air pollution, which makes the air quality evaluation results inconsistent with the public's intuitive feelings. At that time, the monitoring of near-surface air pollution could not meet the research needs of the formation mechanism, evolution and transmission process of air pollution, and there was a lack of regional and three-dimensional monitoring technologies and methods.
Soon, a high-tech team located in Anhui Institute of Optics and Mechanics, Hefei Chinese Academy of Sciences stood up. With the support of national scientific research projects, they developed an on-line monitoring system of ground-based atmospheric trace gases column concentration and profile-multi-axis differential absorption spectrometer (MAX-DOAS), which realized the real-time detection of the concentration and vertical distribution of atmospheric trace pollution gas columns, which was of great significance for studying the temporal and spatial distribution and propagation law of regional air pollution, and provided data for the formation mechanism of air pollution and the dynamic evolution process of pollutants.
"In recent years, we have carried out outdoor air quality monitoring in 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, 20 10 Shanghai World Expo, Guangzhou Asian Games, 20 14 Youth Olympic Games, Beijing APEC meeting and other large-scale activities, and evaluated the effect of environmental air quality assurance measures for major national events with scientific data." Fu Qi said, "Among various means of measuring pollution, optical remote sensing is a representative method, which can measure widely, quickly, with many components and without contact." The relevant data obtained by the Sforch team were adopted by the environmental protection department, which not only became the basis for them to formulate policies, but also played an important role in evaluating the implementation effect of policies.
In addition to escorting major national events, the multi-axis differential absorption spectrometer has participated in many polar scientific expeditions since 20 10, and carried out long-term observation at the Yellow River Station in the Arctic and the Great Wall Station in the Antarctic to monitor ozone and halogen oxides in the polar regions. As a long-term equipment deployed in polar stations, multi-axis differential absorption spectrometer can accurately measure the changing trend of total ozone column over polar regions, providing technical support for polar scientific research in China. This technology won the first prize of 20 1 1 environmental protection science and technology award.
"We are monitoring and need to get first-hand raw data. Designing and developing monitoring equipment is our most important task. " To this end, the team is not only responsible for independent research and development of experimental equipment for monitoring atmospheric environmental changes, but also docking with domestic environmental protection enterprises to put the instruments into production. The imaging differential absorption spectroscopy technology developed by them has been innovatively and successfully applied to the airborne imaging differential absorption spectrometer for rapid measurement of regional polluted gases. They cooperated with the company to industrialize the technology, and now several sets of airborne imaging differential absorption spectrometers have been popularized, which successfully obtained the two-dimensional distribution information of polluted gas in high-resolution areas, filling the gap of relevant data in China.
During his work, Sfuqi went to the University of Heidelberg in Germany to study and exchange for some time. Germany is a pioneer in the observation of trace gases, and it is ahead of China in equipment, instruments, experimental methods and experience. Nowadays, Anhui Institute of Optics and Mechanics, China Academy of Sciences has developed a series of highly sensitive and stable environmental monitoring technologies and equipment suitable for China's national conditions, which provide key technical support for the effective assessment, fine traceability and prevention of air pollution in China. At present, China and foreign countries are basically at the same level, and several generations of researchers have devoted countless efforts to this. He is deeply touched.
2065438+On May 9, 2008, Gaofen-5 satellite was successfully launched from Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center. This is the first domestic satellite in China that can effectively detect air pollution gases. With it, China will master the global air pollution data from the satellite platform for the first time. As the chief designer of the load of atmospheric trace gases differential absorption spectrometer of "Gaofen-5" satellite, our company is very excited. He struggled for this day for eight years.
Back in 20 10, an extremely important event happened that year, and the major project of high-resolution earth observation system (hereinafter referred to as "high-scoring project") was approved for implementation, which is one of the major scientific and technological projects of 16 determined in the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020). In order to fill the gap of high spectral resolution earth observation in China, the high-scoring project clearly puts forward multi-sectoral linkage, forms a national infrastructure platform, and incorporates high-scoring satellites into scientific research satellite sequences. Due to the good accumulation of ground and airborne equipment and related algorithms, Fu Qi Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics was selected by the state to participate in the scientific research of high-resolution satellites.
"We started from 20 10 and spent eight years making a satellite load, which is the atmospheric trace gases Differential Absorption Spectrometer (EMI)." Fu Qi has never done anything about satellite equipment. He has only done ground equipment and airborne equipment, which is very different. Satellite equipment emphasizes reliability and cannot be maintained or repaired. Must be a success, the engineering requirements are very high. This is a brand-new challenge for Sifuqi, and it is also an extremely important and necessary task.
In Europe, the first satellite that can measure air pollution gas was successfully launched in 1995. Since then, Europe can use satellite data to observe global air pollution. China successfully launched the "Gaofen-5" satellite in 20 18, with a time difference of 23 years. Especially in international negotiations, China has been criticized for not having its own observation data and being unable to grasp the right to speak.
But with EMI, everything is different. One month after the launch of the Gaofen-5 satellite, the relevant personnel drew a global pollution map based on the data it sent back, and China people finally had their own global air pollution observation system. And Sforzi's hanging heart can finally be put down. "I was very nervous before Atlas came back, because you don't know what the launch will be like. Although we have passed various ground tests, this is the first time for us to do so. Many things are unknown and the pressure is still great. "
Today, Fu Qi still finds it difficult to recall this process from the beginning. "Because it is the first time to do it, there are many problems. When I pressed the gourd, I got a gourd, which was a bit hectic. " But because of the constant problems, he is also constantly moving forward, constantly discovering problems and solving them. Si Fuqi and his team not only made hardware equipment, but also undertook the research and development of data processing software in the later period, developed the 0. 1 class data processing business processing software, deployed it in China Resources Satellite Application Center, realized the real-time batch production of 1 class products, and quickly distributed it to users in environmental protection, meteorology and other industries. On this basis, they made a global map of nitrogen dioxide distribution. "According to the jargon, this is the first global distribution map of nitrogen dioxide in domestic equipment." Fu Qi said confidently.
At present, EMI load is still the load with the highest spectral resolution in ultraviolet and visible light bands in China, and it is also the first observation load of air pollution gas in China. After this war, Anhui Institute of Optics and Mechanics of Chinese Academy of Sciences officially became a member of the "Aerospace Club".
EMI load, which has been launched at present, initially meets the demand of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and other departments for air pollution data, and changes the situation that such products are subject to foreign countries. However, Fu Qi is not satisfied with this. He clearly knows that there are still differences with foreign loads and the further needs of users. It is urgent to develop a special satellite payload for atmospheric environmental monitoring, improve the spatial and temporal resolution of data products, realize the measurement of atmospheric components such as volatile organic compounds and tropospheric ozone, provide users with accurate satellite data products, and provide technical support for cultivating strategic emerging industries such as environmental optical remote sensing instruments and satellite data product applications. They will not be absent in this "blue sky defense war".
At present, Fu Qi's team has more than 20 full-time employees, and more than 20 people are studying for doctoral and master's degrees. Young and middle-aged scientific and technical personnel under the age of 45 account for 90% of all professional and technical personnel, and their majors involve atmospheric physics, environmental science, optics, electronics, precision instruments and other fields.
Over the past five years, the fixed assets of the laboratory have increased by more than 35 million yuan, mainly including vacuum high and low temperature simulation test system, deep ultraviolet spectrum/radiation calibration system and other equipment. The laboratory area is more than 2,000 square meters, including nearly 5 million square meters of 10,000-class optical clean room, 50 square meters of 1000-class optical clean room and 200 square meters of anti-static electronic equipment and assembly laboratory.
A good team can't stop researching. "On the basis of EMI load, we have done EMI-II load, and the spatial resolution has doubled from the previous 48 kilometers to 24 kilometers. The payload is carried on three satellites, including the "Gaofen V" 02 satellite and the atmospheric environment monitoring satellite. It is expected that two satellites will be launched this year. " In addition, the team also produced a high-precision air pollution gas monitoring load with a spatial resolution of 7 km and 7 km. At the same time, the load has the function of boundary observation, which can provide pollution gas profile results with vertical resolution of 1 km, provide high-quality satellite data for users such as the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, and promote the development of China's environmental monitoring optical remote sensing instrument industry. This is also the most advanced level in the world and is expected to be launched in 2023.
In order to complete the lead, Sforch always pays attention to the latest foreign technology. "Now the high-speed rail technology has been developed internationally. Compared with low-orbit load, high-orbit load has higher time resolution. At present, the world's first high-orbit air pollution gas monitoring satellite, named GEMS, is made in South Korea, but its data has not been fully disclosed. It is still a cliche that air pollution comes from China and China has a great influence on South Korea. " Therefore, it is the key plan of our team in the next five years to overcome the development problem of atmospheric remote sensing payload of high orbit platform, realize the global and regional distribution of pollution gas, high temporal and spatial resolution of vertical profile and high precision remote sensing monitoring. "During the 14 th Five-Year Plan period, if we can do one or two well, let China have the right to speak and accurately identify the pollution sources, it will be the success of our team and a contribution to the country." This is the expectation of Fu Qi, and it is also the expectation of generations of researchers.
Division, researcher, doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in optical information processing, optical and spectral monitoring methods of trace gases. In 2006, he received a doctor degree in optics from Anhui Institute of Optics and Mechanics, China Academy of Sciences. He worked in Chiba University and Heidelberg University in Germany.
10 engaged in optical remote sensing monitoring technology research, many scientific research achievements passed appraisal, 27 invention patents were authorized, and more than 40 papers were published10. Won the second prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award, the first prize of National Environmental Protection Science and Technology Award, the first prize of Anhui Science and Technology Award 1 item, and the Outstanding Youth Fund of Anhui Province.
As the chief designer of China's first on-board atmospheric trace gases monitoring load, he was responsible for the development and on-orbit operation of the load, and successfully obtained the first global distribution map of air pollution gases such as nitrogen dioxide in domestic satellites, which changed the current situation that the on-board air pollution gas distribution data was subject to foreign countries. At present, the key development direction is the research of trace gas measurement technology in ultraviolet and visible light bands, the realization and application of the above technologies in ground, space-based and space-borne platforms, and the research of ultraviolet radiation measurement.