(9 12 Brigade of Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources)
The 9 12 geological brigade of Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources has repeatedly developed and utilized the physical geological data of the Lengshuikeng Ag-Pb-Zn deposit in Guixi, and continuously made new breakthroughs in prospecting. This paper summarizes the utilization process and working experience of physical geological data, and puts forward some suggestions on the management of physical geological data.
Jiangxi lengshuikeng; Silver-lead-zinc ore; Physical geological data; Development; experience
Lengshuikeng Ag-Pb-Zn ore field is located in guixi city, eastern Jiangxi Province, and is under the jurisdiction of Lengshui Town. Its earliest discovery can be traced back to the Ming Dynasty. According to the county records: "Yinling Mine was mined here in the early Ming Dynasty, and now the black soil is full of vegetation." The remains of that year's production are still visible-ancient caves are everywhere, and slag is made into hills.
The 9 12 geological brigade of Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources selected the Lengshuikeng Ag-Pb-Zn mineralization site in Guixi as the general survey work area through the general survey and screening of known ore sites, as well as the review and analysis of local chronicles and mining and metallurgy history of various counties since 1966. Up to now, the accumulated proven amounts of silver metal and lead-zinc metal are 8706 t and 444× 104t, respectively, which are super-large ore fields. After a lapse of nearly half a century, the once thorny wasteland has now become a bright pearl in Wuyishan District of eastern Jiangxi. The discovery and exploration of Lengshuikeng ore field has gone through several interwoven stages, from "vein lead-zinc mine" to porphyry lead-zinc mine and porphyry silver mine, and then to stratabound superimposed silver-lead-zinc mine and gold mine. Every qualitative leap is closely related to the repeated development and reuse of physical and geological data. Therefore, in a certain sense, the expanding prospecting results have condensed 9 12 of Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources.
First, the prospecting process of cold water pit and the important role played by physical and geological data
1. From vein lead-zinc ore to porphyry lead-zinc ore.
1966, the newly established geological brigade 9 12 of Jiangxi Geological Bureau focused on vein lead-zinc deposits for deep exploration. 197 1 submit the general survey report of yinluling lead-zinc mine area in lengshuikeng, Guixi county, with the lead and zinc metal reserves of 9× 104t.
1973, 9 12. When reviewing the drilled cores constructed since 1968, technicians found disseminated ore bodies in the surrounding rocks on both sides of the vein lead-zinc mine, and the ore bodies were controlled by the occurrence of granite porphyry contact zone. It is considered that the cold water pit has the geological conditions for finding porphyry deposits. Verified by 1974 ~ 1979 deep drilling, the mineralized area has doubled, and the prospective reserves of lead-zinc deposits have increased by dozens of times, opening up a new prospect for prospecting. At the same time, through the comparative analysis of basic geological characteristics and cores, it is confirmed that the nappe overthrust fault F2 does exist, and the genetic understanding of the porphyry lead-zinc deposit is affirmed, which lays a foundation for further exploration of granite porphyry under metamorphic rocks and further expansion of mining prospects. Therefore, the first scientific paper related to Lengshuikeng ore field, Geological Characteristics of Yinluling Porphyry Lead-zinc Mine in Lengshuikeng, Guixi, Jiangxi Province, was written as a gift for the 30th anniversary of the founding of New China.
2. From porphyry lead-zinc mine to porphyry silver mine.
1982 has gradually deepened the understanding of silver deposits in ore fields, and found that the mineralization range of silver in porphyry bodies is generally smaller than that of lead-zinc deposits. First, repeated analysis of silver was carried out by random sampling. Although the effect is not obvious, the lead and zinc grade of Zk360 1 No.50 ~ No.81is not good, but the thickness of independent silver deposit reaches 59m. Therefore, 9 12 geological brigade immediately instructed the laboratory to complete all the 62 boreholes constructed before 1979 for silver analysis, and at the same time collected a large number of samples from the core, and the test results were exciting. Silver mainly occurs in three geological structures: ① Vein silver ore bodies controlled by structural cracks in granite porphyry, with silver content greater than 200 g/t; (2) The silver ore bodies in the outer contact zone disseminated by granite porphyry and veinlets contain silver150 ~170g/t; (3) The siderite-bearing silver ore body controlled by volcanic rocks in the southwest of the ore field contains about 200 g/t of silver.
According to the above results, in 1983, Jiangxi Geological Bureau decided to change the prospecting of Lengshuikeng ore field from lead and zinc to comprehensive prospecting of silver, which started the comprehensive prospecting. 1984 submitted the detailed geological report of lengshuikeng lead-zinc (silver) mine in Guixi county, Jiangxi province, and accumulated proven lead reserves 186. Zinc is 2 18× 104t, associated silver is 6387t, and cadmium is 15733t. Lengshuikeng ore field is determined to be a super-large lead-zinc-silver mine. On August 1985 and 19, China People's Broadcasting Station and People's Daily reported that "a super-large silver deposit was discovered in Lengshuikeng, Jiangxi Province, with the geological prospect reserves ranking first in China". 1986 submitted the research reports on the economics of silver (lead and zinc) mineral resources in Lengshuikeng, Guixi County, Jiangxi Province and the economics of lead and zinc (silver) mineral resources in Lengshuikeng, Guixi County, Jiangxi Province, evaluated the economic value of silver (lead and zinc) deposits, and further promoted the exploration process of silver deposits. 1987 submitted the exploration geological report of yinluling silver (lead-zinc) mine, and the amount of C+D grade silver metal was 664t, and the amount of lead-zinc metal was 13.42× 104t, which was approved by the State Reserve Committee. 1990 submitted the geological report of Baojia silver (lead and zinc) mine. The amount of C+D grade silver metal is 3336t, and the amount of lead and zinc metal is 194× 104t. 1994 submitted the prospecting report of silver-lead-zinc mine on line 100- 108 in Jiabao mining area, Lengshui Township, Guixi County, Jiangxi Province. The amount of silver metal in B+C+D is 806t, and that of lead+zinc metal is 20.37x104t.
3. From porphyry Ag-Pb-Zn deposit to porphyry Au-S deposit
1984, with the deepening of comprehensive prospecting, the main technicians compiled the distribution map of gold, copper and sulfur deposits in Lengshuikeng reflected by various data, and initially found that there was gold mineralization in Yinzhushan black granite porphyry, so the 9 12 geological brigade decided to15 and15. 1987 submitted the research report on the expansion prospect of silver-lead-zinc ore field and gold (copper) metallogenic conditions in Guixi County, Jiangxi Province. The report points out that gold mineralization mainly occurs in the inner zone of Yinzhushan black granite porphyry and the inner and outer contact zone with silver-lead-zinc mineralized granite porphyry, and predicts that the line 1 15 ~ 123 is the gold target area. 1989 confirmed the target area, 1990 submitted the general survey report of Yinzhushan gold mine, with gold reserves of 3.49t and pyrite ore of 76× 104t. ..
4. From porphyry lead-zinc deposit to stratabound superimposed silver-lead-zinc deposit.
1983 through the observation and analysis of Zk4802 and Zk 13203 cores drilled in 1978, it is found that the Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in the volcanic rocks in the footwall of the porphyry body is rich in siderite and magnetite, which was originally considered as a normal mineral combination in the late stage of the porphyry deposit. Through the observation and study of core thin section and optical microscope, it is found that siderite has oolitic structure, and magnetite is scattered in it in the form of skeleton, coexisting with dolomite, hydration time and jasper. And occurs in specific volcanic rocks, so it is gradually recognized that siderite belongs to volcanic sedimentary-metamorphic origin, which is earlier than the intrusion period of granite porphyry. Therefore, it is planned to search for concealed deposits, and exploration was carried out at 1989 ~ 1992. Yinkeng and Yinglin are rich in lead, zinc and sulfur. The amount of lead and zinc obtained by * * * is 16× 104t, and the amount of pyrite ore is 560× 104t.
From 200/kloc-0 to 2003, the detailed investigation of silver-lead-zinc mine in Xiabao mining area was listed as the mineral exploration project of "mineral resources compensation fee" by the Ministry of Land and Resources. The technicians of 9 12 geological brigade once again entered the cold water pit core library to find the remaining strata-bound overlapping ore body cores in that year, worked out the implementation plan, and submitted the Detailed Investigation Report of Silver-Lead-Zinc Mine in Xiabao Mining Area of guixi city Cold Water Pit Ore Field in Jiangxi Province in 2004. Metal silver 122 b+333, lead 1347t, zinc 16× 104t and zinc 2 1× 104t were found.
In 2004-2005, the detailed investigation of lead, zinc, silver (gold) deposits in Yinzhushan mining area was listed as a mineral exploration project of "mineral resources compensation fee" by the Ministry of Land and Resources. Through two data development and core comparison, it is considered that stratabound superimposed deposits similar to Xiabao mining area can be found in Xiao Yuan mining area. In June 2005, Zk 13906 was drilled in the west of Xiao Yuan village, and two layers of layered lead-zinc ore bodies with a thickness of about 10 m were found. The detailed investigation was completed at the end of 2008. In 2009, the Geological Report on Detailed Investigation of Lead-Zinc-Silver Deposits in the Northern Section of Yinzhushan Mining Area in Lengshuikeng Minefield, guixi city City, Jiangxi Province was submitted, and 650 deposits were found.
Second, physical geological data is the basis of scientific research.
Throughout the discovery and development of Lengshuikeng ore field, from vein type to porphyry type to stratabound superposition type, from lead-zinc mine to silver-gold mine to lead-zinc-silver mine, from mineralization point to deposit to super-large ore field, especially the discovery of Xiabao mining area and Xiao Yuan mining area, geologists in many scientific research institutes have attached great importance to it, and the projects implemented include: Lengshuikeng silver-lead-zinc polymetallic ore metallogenic system and concealed ore prediction. Demonstration study on deep metallogenic model and exploration technology of superimposed composite Pb-Zn-Cu deposit, study on genesis and metallogenic prediction of layered Pb-Zn deposit in Lengshuikeng silver polymetallic ore field, study on volcanic structure and mineralization in Lengshuikeng ore field, study on scientific base of hydrothermal Ag-Pb-Zn deposit in Lengshuikeng subvolcanic rock in Jiangxi Province, study on structural transformation mechanism and metallogenic regularity of Mesozoic volcanic basin in Zhejiang and Jiangxi areas on the southeast edge of the Yangtze River, and study on basic geology and metallogenic regularity in the eastern part of Qinhang metallogenic belt. When experts enter the cold water pit, the first thing they think of is to look at the core, collect samples, and explore the metallogenic regularity through the comparison of physical objects and data.
Third, the shortcomings and losses of physical geological data management
At that time, there were thousands of families, more than 360 offices, about 360 core banks and 20× 104m cores in Lengshuikeng base, which recorded the tortuous development history of Lengshuikeng ore field and the struggle experience of the older generation of geologists. There were both brilliant and unforgettable difficulties and shortcomings-the geological work fell into a trough in the 1990s and all the cores were abandoned. 9 12, in 2008, the geological brigade organized retired veteran comrades to visit the cold water pit. When they visited the base, they found that their original home, office and core were gone, and they couldn't help crying.
The exploration and scientific research of Lengshuikeng ore field can not be separated from granite porphyry. Due to the low geological tide, hundreds of boreholes and hundreds of thousands of meters of cores preserved in the 20th century were completely destroyed, and only about 97 boreholes and nearly 45,000 meters of cores constructed after 2000 were left in the core library, all of which were stratabound superimposed ore bodies, and there were few porphyry ore bodies, so that in the detailed investigation of Xiabao mining area, the residual cores were searched by memory in the dilapidated core library.
With the closure of Yinluling mining area in 2004, the Lengshuikeng vein type Ag-Pb-Zn ore body has since become the memory of old geologists. Because there is no core, the tunnel cannot enter, and the core of the remaining porphyry ore body is not representative, so it is impossible to determine the specific location and its relationship with mineralization, and it is also impossible to determine the location of volcanic institutions. The first influence is that the scientific research work is more difficult and the reliability of scientific research results is reduced. The second problem is that it affects the deep prospecting process of Lengshuikeng and the research on the metallogenic regularity of Lengshuikeng gold and copper deposits. In particular, the deep prospecting of crisis mines was put forward around 2005. In fact, gold and copper ore bodies were found at the root of Lengshuikeng granite porphyry in the 1980s, but because this was not the main work object of that year, most of them did not make a basic analysis of gold and copper deposits. Since there are no sub-samples, it is impossible to sample now, and the only way is to explore again (Figure 1 to Figure 4).
Although most of the cores are gone, with the soaring price of mineral products, Jiabao and Xiabao mining areas have been developed one after another. 9 12 geological brigade, together with experts at home and abroad, makes full use of existing cores and tunnels, and with the help of advanced prospecting equipment and the application of modern geological science theory, is still making every effort to make up for the losses and make great efforts to find more mines and large mines.
Four. Suggestions on the management of physical geological data
Geological Brigade 9 12 of Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources conducted exploration in Lengshuikeng mining area, and accumulated 225,000m of cores. At present, there are 97 holes, 45000m cores, 12500 subsamples and 165 optical (thin) films. These physical geological data not only play an important role in current geological prospecting and scientific research, but also will play a role in future exploration and scientific research, and their potential utilization value will still play a role in future exploration and scientific research. Its potential use value includes: ① providing analogy physical and geological data for basic geological and mineral research of Qinhang metallogenic belt and Wuyishan metallogenic belt, peripheral prospect evaluation of Lengshuikeng ore field and deep prospecting; (2) Provide decision-making basis for national workload and exploration implementation plan of Lengshuikeng-Xiangshan Ag-Pb-Zn-U polymetallic ore exploration area; (3) Promote the exploration technology and demonstration of deep resources in important iron, copper, lead and zinc concentration areas in the east, analyze the relationship between porphyry types and stratabound mineralization, explore the metallogenic environment and evolution law, deepen and improve the metallogenic model, establish the prospecting model and expand the prospecting space; (4) Provide physical geological data display for the construction of Jiangxi Lengshuikeng subvolcanic hydrothermal silver, lead and zinc scientific base, one of the 26 mine bases in China.
Figure 1 Appearance of Core Library of Cold Water Pit in Guixi, Jiangxi Province
Fig. 2 Cores preserved in Cold Water Pit Core Library in Guixi, Jiangxi.
Fig. 3 Appearance of the original canteen (now storing cores) in Lengshuikeng mining area, Guixi, Jiangxi.
Fig. 4 Core stored in canteen of Lengshuikeng mining area in Guixi, Jiangxi.
However, there are many shortcomings in the management of physical geological data in mining areas at present, so the following suggestions are put forward:
1) bring the core management into the geological data management system, carry out standardized management, and be maintained by full-time personnel, with specific responsibilities to people; The landmark cores in Lengshuikeng ore field should be brought into the national management and managed by professionals, providing physical evidence for studying the prospecting methods and metallogenic regularity.
2) Maintenance of core bin, standardization of materials and various marks of core box, gasket and core label, economical and practical, and long storage period.
3) The core storage fee is 15 yuan /m according to the new standard, but the storage life is unknown. The status quo is that when I picked it up in the first year, it was neatly packed and orderly, and no one asked. The construction cost and maintenance cost of the core library need to be considered by the superior management department as a whole.