The metaphor of "thirty years in Hedong, thirty years in Hexi" is more appropriate between Hong Kong and Shenzhen. More than 30 years ago, Shenzhen, separated from Hong Kong by a river, was a small fishing village with a population of less than one million. Hong Kong has become a world-renowned international city, financial center and the most open free trade port, and the cargo throughput of container ports ranks among the top in the world.
Today, more than 30 years later, the GDP of Shenzhen has reached 2.2 trillion yuan. Considering the sharp rise of RMB exchange rate, it is a high probability that Shenzhen will surpass Guangzhou and Hong Kong. Once a small fishing village, it has now grown into China Silicon Valley, the capital of innovation, a high-tech processing and manufacturing base, a financial center and the third largest container port in the world with a population of more than 20 million.
Hong Kong, bound by pan-politicization, faces many difficulties in promoting reform and the dilemma of hollowing out industries. The advantages of traditional service industry and financial industry are being diluted, and economic growth lacks a new engine. Li Ka-shing's total withdrawal from the Hong Kong market has become a landmark event in Hong Kong's hollowing-out dilemma. Today's Shenzhen is not only steady and full of vitality, but also has the right to speak in the global market in many fields such as bioengineering, artificial intelligence, mobile Internet, Internet of Things and so on.
Today's Shenzhen is far from the peak of this young city. Under the top-level design of the 13th Five-Year Plan, it still shoulders more missions. From the establishment of Qianhai Modern Financial Services Experimental Zone, the landing of Free Trade Zone, the gradual formation of a new generation of information technology industry, new materials industry, new energy industry and biological industry, to the blossoming of artificial intelligence industries represented by drones and robots, Shenzhen will be the core engine of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area's development in the next decade, driving neighboring cities to form the interactive development of the Pearl River Delta region.
In the process of China's sprint to become the world's largest economy, Shenzhen will play a new super-contact role between the mainland and the global economy. Describe the future urban pattern of the Pearl River Delta with the popular "jokes" in the real estate speculation circle. "In the future, the surrounding cities of Shenzhen, including Hong Kong, will be called deep ring areas."
Nirvana from "coolie" to "cage for bird"
No one lives in Shenzhen, but the bystanders are Shenzhen's speed, inclusive atmosphere, beautiful coastal city environment, young people flying all over the street, and pragmatic and efficient "time is money" Everyone who works hard in Shenzhen is faced with fierce competition for survival all the time, anxious about the uncertain future and exhausted to adapt to the fast iterative business model. Everyone who comes to Shenzhen has no sense of belonging at first, but once they get used to the rhythm of Shenzhen, it is difficult to leave.
More than 30 years ago, Shenzhen was upgraded from Baoan County to Shenzhen City. Compared with Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, which have a long history, perfect urban functions and strong cultural atmosphere, Shenzhen's biggest advantage is that it has no historical burden and no decision-making burden, while its biggest disadvantage is that it is poor.
Starting from the processing of incoming materials, the assembly of electronic products and the processing and production of garments, Shenzhen has gradually become the manufacturing center and supply chain concentration place of large foreign-funded enterprises in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan in the tide of utilizing foreign capital. In particular, it has formed a strong complementary development relationship with Hong Kong, and gradually undertook the transfer of most processing and manufacturing industries in Hong Kong.
In 1980s and 1990s, China's demographic dividend was fully reflected in Shenzhen. Behind China's manufacturing, Shenzhen's manufacturing played an important role. At that time, the node role of Shenzhen Foxconn in the global manufacturing industry chain was a model for Shenzhen to quickly digest foreign capital and build a development chassis with the help of processing and manufacturing.
By the beginning of this century, the cluster advantage of Shenzhen electronic processing manufacturing industry has formed a siphon effect on the rapidly developing mobile phone industry chain in the world. During the peak period, there are tens of thousands of mobile phone upstream and downstream enterprises, including nearly 3,000 complete machine assembly and manufacturing enterprises, more than 300 registered brands, more than 100 scale enterprises, more than 100 mobile phone solution designers, more than 3,000 spare parts suppliers, hundreds of national underwriters and nearly 1000 provincial agents. Many mobile phone brands transformed from factories compete fiercely for public model products, which once made Shenzhen bear the nickname of "the mobile phone capital of the cottage".
Shenzhen, a city that loves money in its bones, can't be an ascetic for a long time in the meager profits of processing and manufacturing at the end of the industrial chain. After the manufacturing industry established its advantages and occupied an indispensable position in the global industrial chain division of labor, a group of Shenzhen enterprises, which fully participated in the international market competition, followed the map and made use of the advantages of geography, information, policies and talents to work hard and began to rise.
Huawei and ZTE have begun to have international competitiveness in the field of communication equipment. A number of Shenzhen mobile phone brands have blossomed both at home and abroad, and their sales have squeezed into the top ten in the world, breaking the situation that foreign brands dominate the world. Home appliance enterprises represented by Konka and Skyworth are booming in the domestic market, and Internet enterprises represented by Tencent are gradually becoming a pole of the Internet in China.
Excessive dependence on low value-added industries such as manufacturing once plunged Shenzhen into the confusion of "special zones are not special zones". The key to the overall qualitative change of Shenzhen's economic growth is a wave of self-transformation. Low value-added manufacturing has moved to neighboring provinces and cities. Faced with rising costs, the once brilliant Shenzhen Foxconn shifted its main production capacity to inland provinces. Terminal manufacturers such as Huawei were also forced to transfer their production chains to Songshan Lake in Dongguan.
At the same time, it is the adjustment of industrial structure. The modern manufacturing industry with high added value, represented by LCD panel, laser processing equipment, medical equipment and bioengineering, has initially completed its layout and become the core force driving the quality of economic growth.
The adjustment of talent structure has also provided a steady stream of impetus for the rapid development of modern service industries such as finance and Internet in Shenzhen, and Shenzhen has been firmly seated in the first echelon of China's financial industry. The gathering of high-end talents at home and abroad is also an important support for the concept of "China Silicon Valley".
Today's Shenzhen, much like Hong Kong 30 years ago, has gradually revealed its role as a super contact between the global economy and the mainland economy. However, compared with the mainland, Shenzhen has more natural integration and complementarity. In view of the division of labor with Hong Kong and Hong Kong's role as a firewall in the global financial field, appropriately castrating some functions of Shenzhen does not mean that Shenzhen does not have the ability to fully develop the global financial services market.
Behind the 2.2 trillion GDP are more than 350 listed companies in Shenzhen and world-class enterprises such as Huawei and Tencent. The total market value of listed companies in Shenzhen has surpassed Shanghai, second only to Beijing. What is behind this is the quality and potential of economic development.
Looking forward to the new unicorn of incremental space in the next decade
Vertically, 37 years ago, Hong Kong's economic aggregate was equivalent to 600 Shenzhen. Shenzhen started from processing, manufacturing and shipping trade, and its rapid development in the past 30 years is a process of continuous imitation, learning and even surpassing. With the continuous blood transfusion in Hong Kong, the capital, technology, management experience and business model brought by the influx of foreign capital, as well as the experience of participating in global market competition, have finally achieved the rise of local enterprises in Shenzhen and cultivated the foundation for industrial upgrading.
In horizontal contrast, behind the fact that Shenzhen's GDP slightly exceeds Hong Kong's, new and wide, Tencent's latest market value has exceeded 500 billion US dollars, surpassing Facebook and becoming the fifth largest company in the world. Huawei has grown into the world's largest telecom equipment manufacturer and the third largest smartphone terminal enterprise. The total market value of listed companies in Shenzhen exceeds 10 trillion yuan. The market value of Tencent alone is related to the total GDP of Taiwan Province Province.
Its huge volume and entering the developed economy mode show that the corresponding market opportunities and mature business models have been fully developed. Like most developed economies, Shenzhen is likely to enter a slow growth period in the future.
Under the background of global overcapacity, the growth of the consumer market has fallen into fatigue. Over-reliance on financial leverage for economic growth has led to asset bubbles, rampant speculation and economic disconnection, which has become a challenge for mainstream economies. China's economy has also entered an L-shaped structural adjustment period.
The consumer market of existing means of subsistence is fully saturated, and the global market is looking forward to the next outlet. The new way out must be to replace the stock consumer market created by the essential changes of existing life scenes, consumer products and consumption habits under the support of the leap-forward development of science and technology. The achievements of the industrial revolution are coming to an end, and the whole human society is expecting a subversive information technology revolution.
As the Silicon Valley of China, Shenzhen has been at the forefront of the world in many fields such as financial technology, mobile Internet, intelligent hardware and AI. The biggest challenge in the future is that we will have no imitators, no clear path to follow, and become leaders ourselves, facing many uncertainties and the cost of trial and error.
Shenzhen's headquarters economy and a large number of listed companies are facing the global competition in mature markets, and the operation of enterprises will tend to be closed and the pursuit of efficiency will be extreme. Explorers who really undertake Shenzhen's future economic growth are entrepreneurs who are struggling in the field of innovation, especially unicorn enterprises whose products and business models have been preliminarily tested by the market. In the fields of electronic information, biomedicine, new energy, new materials and artificial intelligence, unicorn companies, including BGI, DJI UAV, Weizhong Bank, Rookie Network, Tencent Cloud, Handbook, and Yu Rou Science and Technology, have shown strong competitiveness in just a few years.
The unicorns of the older generation in Shenzhen all have legendary entrepreneurial stories of untimely birth and hardships. Ren Zheng Fei started from 20,000 yuan, and faced bankruptcy when he made the first product, and continued to be the world's number one in the "cold winter theory" self-vigilance. Ma spent 50,000 yuan on six computers and started a business with a group of classmates. In the most difficult time, he tried to sell the company for 3 million yuan, but he ran into a wall everywhere. Instead, I had to bite my teeth and made Tencent today.
The new generation of unicorns in Shenzhen is facing great opportunities of the times, enjoying a superior entrepreneurial environment and being blessed by mature capital markets. In the new era of artificial intelligence and information technology revolution, they shoulder the heavy responsibility of leading the global economic development on behalf of China enterprises.
South School's "Technology Flow"
As the traffic dividend of the mobile Internet draws to a close, the entrepreneurial wave around the mobile terminal has basically entered a watershed. Therefore, this year's list of unicorn companies is particularly meaningful. It is basically a summary of the achievements of the last round of entrepreneurship.
Judging from the inventory of various unicorn lists at home and abroad, there are significant differences in styles between North and South unicorn companies. The northern unicorn has strong ability to integrate resources, is good at marketing, and pays attention to the innovation of business model. The southern unicorns represented by Shenzhen Company are all pragmatic and low-key, winning by technology, and have strong characteristics, just like "IT technology men".
Finally, let's take a look at the future capital of Shenzhen through several most representative unicorn companies:
1, Genetic Engineering: Huada Gene
BGI was founded in 1999, and has now developed into the largest genomics research and development institution in the world. In March of 20 13, Huada successfully completed the acquisition of the American listed company Complete Genomics, realizing the closed loop of the upstream and downstream industrial chain of gene sequencing.
BGI is also responsible for establishing China's first national comprehensive gene bank-National Gene Bank, which will protect, develop and utilize China's precious genetic resources more effectively, safeguard the national bio-information security and enhance China's strategic commanding heights in the field of biotechnology.
Huada was named "the world's leading genetics research center" and "the leader in genomics, protein omics and bioinformatics analysis" by the top academic journal Nature. Up to May 4, 20 17, Huada has published more than 2 173 papers, and 1759 papers have been included in SCI. He has published 256 articles in the series Nature, Science, Cell and New England Medicine.
2. artificial intelligence: DJI drone
DJI UAV is currently the world's leading research and development and manufacturer of UAV control systems and UAV solutions, from the initial 20 people to the current 12000 people; The annual sales of DJI 20 17 reached1800 million yuan, starting from the warehouse, and growing to 17' s offices in seven countries and sales networks all over the world 100. It accounts for more than 70% of the global consumer drone market share.
By the end of 20 16, DJI Innovation had filed more than 500 patent applications 1500, and obtained more than 400 patents, covering the structural design, circuit system, flight stability, wireless communication and control system of UAV.
3. Private banks: Weizhong Bank
Weizhong Bank, established at the end of 20 14, is the first private bank and internet bank in China. The launch of online products such as "micro-loan" has promoted the popularization of inclusive finance and improved the convenient experience of public participation in financial services. In the past two years since its establishment, Weizhong Bank has achieved a revenue growth of 10 times at 20 16, with an operating income of 2.45 billion yuan. The company is valued at $5.5 billion.
4. New materials and intelligent hardware: Yu Rou Science and Technology.
Yu Rou Science and Technology is one of the earliest teams in the world specializing in the research and development of color flexible display technology, and it is also a typical "Gao Fushuai" entrepreneurial team. Its core team has hundreds of high-end R&D and management talents at home and abroad, including many engineers and doctors at home and abroad who have rich experience in Silicon Valley and international academia and industry. Many core management and technical personnel graduated from Stanford University, Tsinghua University, Peking University, University of California, Purdue University, Cornell University, University of Michigan, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and other domestic and foreign universities and research institutes.
At present, Yu Rou Science and Technology has applied for or retained more than 700 core technology intellectual property rights (including patents and proprietary technologies) around the world, covering all aspects such as materials, processes, devices, circuits, software and system design. The company's valuation has reached $3 billion.
5. Modern logistics: rookie network
Cainiao Network, established in Qianhai, Shenzhen, is a "China Intelligent Logistics Backbone Network" (CSN) project consisting of Alibaba Group, Yintai Group, Fosun Group, Fuchun Holdings, SF Group, Santong Yida (Shentong, Tong Yuan, Zhongtong and Dayun) and related financial institutions. The company's valuation reached $7.69 billion.
The rookie network plans to invest 654.38+0.00 billion yuan in the first phase. It is hoped that in 5-8 years, we will strive to build an open and socialized logistics infrastructure nationwide and build an intelligent backbone network that can support 30 billion (about 654.38+00 trillion) online retail sales every day.
China intelligent backbone network is not only the infrastructure of e-commerce, but also the infrastructure of future business in China. China Intelligent Backbone Network will apply new technologies such as Internet of Things, cloud computing and online finance to provide an open service platform for all kinds of B2B, B2C and C2C enterprises, and together with online credit system and online payment system, it will build three major commercial infrastructures in China in the future. Cainiao.com will not engage in logistics, but hopes to make full use of its own advantages to support the development of domestic logistics enterprises and provide better, efficient and intelligent services for the logistics industry.
6. Cloud service: Tencent Cloud
Thanks to the infrastructure and experience of operating Tencent series cloud services, Tencent Cloud has grown into one of the largest cloud service providers in China. From infrastructure to refined operation, from platform strength to ecological capacity building, Tencent Cloud integrates it and faces the market, enabling it to provide enterprises and entrepreneurs with a cloud service experience integrating cloud computing, cloud data and cloud operation.
Tencent Cloud is committed to building a public cloud service platform with the highest quality and best ecology, so that enterprises can focus more on their business. At present, the company's valuation has reached $3.3 billion.
7. Financial Technology: Notes.
After seven years of development, the notebook founded by former executives of Kingdee Software Group has grown into the largest personal financial application service provider in China. The user scale of the series of products with notes has exceeded 300 million, accounting for nearly 70% of the market share of all categories. The revenue and expenditure of management users exceeds 5 trillion, and more than 3,000 bills are generated every minute on the platform.
Focusing on personal finance, the series of products with notes are building a personal financial service chain including wealth management, loans, card handling, insurance and securities. The company has achieved full profitability on 20 16.
In the field of global personal finance, intuit in the United States is very similar to a series of products with notes. The product matrix of the two companies is the same, which is close to the market share of 70% category users. The difference is that the market value of intuit has reached 37 billion dollars, and the user scale of notebook series is close to the total population of the United States.
After receiving the $200 million Series C financing led by global private equity giant KKR, Shouji also became a new unicorn company in Nanpai on 20 17.
8. Internet Securities: Futu Securities
Futu Securities, founded by Tencent employees, is one of the most competitive Internet brokers in China. From the front-end stock trading software to the customer management and back-end settlement system in China and Taiwan, we all adopt independent research and development, realize the closed loop of the whole chain, provide one-stop investment platform products and hold a Hong Kong brokerage license.
He is a participant of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, a licensed corporation recognized by the Hong Kong Securities Regulatory Commission, and was granted a class license of 1/2/4/9 by the Hong Kong Securities Regulatory Commission. In 20 17, the transaction volume of Futu Securities exceeded 500 billion yuan, with nearly 3.5 million users. After completing the financing of $654.38 and $45 million, it became a new unicorn company.
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