Ancient Greek literature refers to the literature of the ancient Greek world. Ancient Greek literature in a broad sense covers literature from clan Greek society to Hellenistic era, which lasted nearly 1000 years. Ancient Greek literature is the source of the whole western literature and the first peak of European literature.

Ancient Greek literature reflects the real life in Europe during the transition from clan society to slavery society, especially the people in the ancient world's thinking about the relationship between war and peace and between man and nature. The outstanding heroic behavior of ancient Greece and the great changes in social history are deeply reflected in literary works. These literary works not only laid the foundation for the development of the whole western literature, but also provided rich literature materials for people to study the history and society of the ancient Greek world.

In ancient Greek literature, both gods and men have the individual consciousness of freedom, independence, indulgence and enjoyment of life, but they also show the indomitable spirit in the face of difficulties. The fate of infinite power brought confusion and fear to the ancient Greeks, and also cultivated their self-awareness and individual spirit. In addition, they have aroused great vitality in their struggle with fate. Ancient Greek literature shows the liveliness and beauty of human nature in childhood, freedom, optimism and romance, which is precisely to describe people's pursuit of secular values and the contradiction and struggle between man and fate. Life consciousness, humanitarianism consciousness and freedom concept are the basic spirit of ancient Greek literature and the basic core of western literature and culture in the future.