Since 1840 Opium War, China has gradually become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country. With the deepening of capitalist imperialist aggression and the intensification of feudal oppression, ethnic contradictions and class contradictions in China have intensified day by day, and the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal national democratic revolutionary movement of the people in China has been on the rise. For national independence, democracy and prosperity, the people of China have waged a heroic and unyielding struggle for a whole century. In the revolutionary struggle, one stage after another, each stage is full of victories and defeats, advances and temporary retreats. The development of modern China from the old democratic revolution to the new democratic revolution was a complete process. The former stage is the preparation of the latter stage, and the latter stage is the continuation and development of the former stage. All the martyrs who fought and died for China's independence, democracy and prosperity are immortal, and all those who contributed to the China Revolution are revered and missed by the people.
The history of modern China revolution is rich and colorful. Before the Revolution of 1911, the peasant class in China waged an indomitable struggle against the cruel rule of feudal autocracy and the aggression of capital imperialism in the Qing Dynasty. The peak of these struggles was the peasant war and the Boxer Rebellion in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. 65438+In the 1980s and 1990s of 2009, the young bourgeoisie in China, faced with the deep national crisis, had to rush to the historical stage and bravely led the national salvation movement-launched the Reform Movement of 1898. But these struggles did not avoid the end of failure. The historical development of China fully shows that under the strong oppression of capital-imperialism and feudalism, neither the old peasant war in China nor the bourgeois reform movement can save the national crisis in China. Only revolution can break the shackles imposed by imperialism on the people of China, and only breaking the shackles of feudalism can open up the road of social development. Democratic revolution, only democratic revolution, is the only way for China to get rid of imperialist slavery, feudal autocracy and national poverty and backwardness, and make the Chinese nation move towards independence, democracy and prosperity.
China's democratic revolution can be divided into two stages: the old democratic revolution and the new democratic revolution. The Revolution of 1911 is the continuation and development of China's anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle since the Opium War, but it is different from any revolution in the history of China. It happened under the historical conditions that a new social economy-capitalist economy and a new social class-national bourgeoisie appeared in China. Therefore, the bourgeoisie became the dominant force in society at that time. The Revolution of 1911 led by the lower class of the national bourgeoisie not only proposed to replace the old mode of production with a new mode of production, but also proposed to replace the feudal autocratic system with a new social system-democracy and system, so it is of great significance to update the social, economic and political systems.
Mao Zedong said: "Officially, China's anti-imperialist and anti-feudal bourgeois democratic revolution began with Sun Yat-sen", and the Sun Yat-sen revolution was marked by the establishment of the Congress in the 1990s from 65438 to 2009. The establishment of the Zhong Xing Society was the beginning of the formal bourgeois-democratic revolution in China. From the establishment of 1894 to the end of 19 13, the Revolution of 1911 failed. This revolutionary movement has gone through nearly 20 years, which can be roughly divided into two periods and six stages.
The two main periods are:
19 12 years ago, Zhong Xing Hui and the League launched and led the revolutionary period;
After 19 12, the central government was established and the Kuomintang launched the "second revolution".
These six stages are:
From 1894, 1 1, the Huizhou Uprising led by Sun Yat-sen in Honolulu to 1900,1/failure was the initial brewing stage of the Xinhai Revolution.
From the failure of 190 1 Boxer Rebellion to the establishment of 1905 in August, it was the rising stage of the Revolution of 1911.
The development stage of the Revolution of 1911 was from 19 1 1 August, when the China League was founded, to the eve of Wuchang's first righteousness in1June.
From 19 1 1 Wuchang Shouyi in June to 1 1 the end of June, the revolutionary storm swept across the country, and various provinces and regions declared uprisings or independence in succession, which was the climax stage of the Revolution of 1911.
From 19 111representatives of the provincial governors of Guangfu held a meeting in Hankou to form an interim government, which was the period from the victory of the Revolution of 1911 to the dissolution of the Nanjing interim government in April 2002191,
From the dissolution of Nanjing Provisional Government in April 19 12 to the failure of the "Second Revolution" in September13, the Revolution of 1911 was a stage from victory to failure.
Judging from the whole process of the revolutionary movement, this struggle is extremely complicated and tortuous. Bourgeois revolutionaries had the excitement and joy of victory, but also the sorrow and pain of failure. Both victory and defeat came quickly, which showed that the struggle between China's revolution and counter-revolution, progress and reaction, patriotism and treason, two roads and two futures was extremely sharp and fierce. However, due to the immaturity of the bourgeoisie, the strength of the revolutionaries was very weak, and they could not defeat the enemy under extremely complicated and difficult circumstances, nor could they consolidate the political power after overthrowing the feudal monarchy. The fruits of the revolution were usurped by Yuan Shikai, the representative of the big landlord comprador bourgeoisie, and the revolution ended in failure. However, the Revolution of 1911 overthrew the decadent Qing Dynasty, ended the feudal monarchy in China and established the Republic of China, which was an epoch-making event in the modern history of China. As a bourgeois democratic revolution, the Revolution of 1911 finally failed, but its historical achievements will last forever.