Shan Hai Jing is an important ancient book in the pre-Qin period and the oldest geography book full of myths and legends. Book 18 volumes, including 5 volumes of Mountain Scenery, 8 volumes of Sea Classic and 5 volumes of Wild Classic.
The content is all-encompassing, mainly describing ancient geography, animals, plants, minerals, myths, witchcraft, religion and so on. , as well as ancient history, medicine, folk customs, nationalities and so on. In addition, Shan Hai Jing also recorded some strange events in the form of a running account, and there is still a big debate about these events.
The most representative myths and fables are Kuafu's daily life, the goddess fills the sky, Jingwei fills the sea, Dayu controls the water, and * * * workers hold the sky and shoot straight for nine days. The exact date and author of this book cannot be verified. It is generally believed that it was not written in an instant, nor was it written by an author.
2. Chang and Shan Haijing's literary knowledge
Author's brief introduction Lu Xun (188 1~ 1936), a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, first published Lu Xun's Diary of a New Madman under the pseudonym of "Lu Xun" in May 2008, which is full of stories.
It laid the cornerstone of the new culture movement. He participated in the work of New Youth magazine around the May 4th Movement and became the main force of the May 4th New Culture Movement.
Lu Xun is a famous proletarian writer, thinker and revolutionary in China. He was the commander-in-chief of China's Cultural Revolution.
The representatives of the New Culture Movement have made great contributions to the modernization of China literature. Also known as "soul of china" by the people.
People call it "thinking about culture and education". He was born in Dongchangfangkou, Huiji County, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province on the third day of August in the seventh year of Guangxu (188 1 September 25th).
Formerly known as Zhou Zhangshou, also known as Yushan, Yuting and Yucai. Besides Lu Xun, his pen names include Deng Jiang, Tang Yi, Deng Dangdai and Jiao Xiao.
When I was a child, I enjoyed the life of a young master, and my family gradually declined and became penniless. Youth was influenced by Darwin's theory of evolution and Tolstoy's thought of fraternity.
1898 Lu Xun changed his name from Zhou Zhangshou to Zhou Shuren. 1902 went to Japan to study, originally studying medicine at Sendai Medical College, and later engaged in literary and artistic work, hoping to change the national spirit.
1905- 1907, participated in the revolutionary new culture movement and published papers such as Moro Poetry and Cultural Bias. During this period, I was ordered by my mother and wife Juan to return to China to get married.
1909 Co-translated the Collection of Foreign Novels with his brother Zhou Zuoren to introduce foreign literature. He returned to China in the same year and taught in Hangzhou and Shaoxing.
19 18 published his first vernacular novel Diary of a Madman under the pseudonym of "Lu Xun" for the first time. Before that, he was a doctor and became a behavioral writer because of the war.
Lu Xun was a "book lover" all his life. 1927 married Ms. Xu Guangping and gave birth to a boy named Zhou Haiying.
19361June19 died in Shanghai. His works were included in Complete Works of Lu Xun, His Works and Letters of Lu Xun, and various ancient books edited and revised by Lu Xun were reprinted.
198 1 year, The Complete Works of Lu Xun (16 volumes) was published. In 2005, The Complete Works of Lu Xun (eighteen volumes) was published.
His works mainly include Blessing, The True Story of Ah Q, Diary of a Madman, Weeds, Morning Flowers, Wandering, Gai Hua Ji and Scream. Luxun Museum and Memorial Hall have been established in Beijing, Shanghai, Shaoxing, Guangzhou and Xiamen.
Dozens of novels, essays, poems and essays by Lu Xun were selected into Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools. The novels Blessing, The True Story of Ah Q and Medicine were adapted into movies.
This article describes eight things I spent with my eldest mother when I was a child, portrays an ordinary nanny who is vulgar, superstitious, conservative, ignorant but sincere, kind and upright, and expresses the author's respect, guilt, gratitude, memory and wishes for my eldest mother. By writing about Chang's characteristics, he expressed sympathy for the ignorance of the female class at that time.
3. The literary knowledge of A Chang and Shan Hai Jing is about works.
Achanghe; "is a retrospective narrative prose of Lu Xun. Selected from Lu Xun's collection of reminiscence essays "Flowers in the Morning and Flowers in the Evening". This article was originally published in the sixth issue of the first volume of Mangyuan on March 25th 1926. It has been compiled into the last textbook of the seventh grade (May 4th school year) of Beijing Normal University and the sixth lesson of the eighth grade of People's Education Press.
This paper describes eight things I spent with my eldest mother when I was a child, portrays an ordinary nanny who is vulgar, superstitious, conservative, ignorant but sincere, kind and upright, and expresses the author's respect, guilt, gratitude, nostalgia and wishes for my eldest mother. By writing about Chang's characteristics, he expressed sympathy for the ignorance of the female class at that time.
The most taboo in the analysis of characters is to write down everything in a running account, and the most fearful thing is to drown out the distinctive character of the characters in the narration of ordinary characters. This article is skillful in complex and simple choices. I don't know much about the name and experience of my eldest mother, so I can get it done in a few words. The story of my mother stepping on a buddy's favorite Tibetan mouse has been described in the previous article "Dog, Cat and Mouse", so this article naturally needs no elaboration. And her "hate" point is that she likes "careful observation" and sleeps "big" at night. She is too lazy to say anything, but she writes vividly and concretely.
Personally, I think we can encyclopedia it.
4. What kind of literary masterpiece is Shan Hai Jing?
Shan Hai Jing is an ancient book in the pre-Qin period, which mainly describes ancient geography, products, myths, witchcraft and religion. , as well as ancient history, medicine, folk customs, nationalities, etc., has many academic values.
Shan Hai Jing Quan Shu 3. More than 65438+1 00,000 words, * *18: Five Tibetan Mountain Classics, Four Overseas Classics, Four Domestic Classics, Four Wild Classics and One Domestic Classics1Department.
Hanshu? Yiwenzhi is 13, not counting wild classics and domestic classics. This book used to be handed down from generation to generation, but most modern scholars think that it was not written in a short time and the author was not alone.
It was written by people in Chu and Bashu areas from the early Warring States to the early Han Dynasty, and was co-edited by Liu Xiang and Liu Xin in the Western Han Dynasty. Shan Hai Jing describes a wide range of contents, including primitive myths and religious materials.
This book preserves many scattered ancient legends of China. For example, the myth of Jingwei, the myth of the Queen Mother of the West, the myth of Chiyou and Huangdi fighting in the land of Zhuolu, the myth of the ancestors of the Yin and Zhou nationalities, and the famous myth of Kuafu and Nuwa.
There are not only the largest number of myths recorded in Shan Hai Jing, but also most of them are primitive and the plot is relatively complete, which is rare in ancient books of pre-Qin and even later classics. It has important research value in mythology and religion.
At the same time, it also has important scientific value to ancient history, geography, products and medicine.
5. What is the influence of Shan Hai Jing on China's classical culture?
Shan Hai Jing is an ancient book written by many people from the early Warring States to the early Han Dynasty. The author is probably a Chu native. Shan Hai Jing is a book with myth as the mainstream, and its content covers a wide range. It not only preserves a lot of mythological materials, but also involves all aspects of academic fields, such as religion, philosophy, history, ethnology, astronomy, geography, zoology, botany, medicine and hygiene. This book is all-encompassing and can be called an encyclopedia of daily life at that time. There are a lot of things used for offering sacrifices to the gods, such as chickens, dogs, sheep, ghosts, bees, Zhang, etc., among which the word "Yi" appears most in the scriptures. "Hey, polished rice, enjoy God." That is to say, wizards use polished rice to enjoy the gods. In The Classic of Mountains and Seas, there are many descriptions of gods, such as medicines, curses, gods and monsters. Therefore, Lu Xun said in A Brief History of Chinese Novels that it was a book of ancient wizards, which should be regarded as a theory of equality.
Mr. Yuan Ke once said in the preface to the collation of Shan Hai Jing: "Shan Hai Jing is a land of myths." Scholars who have been studying China's mythology have recognized that Shan Hai Jing is the "deep house" (treasure house) of China's mythology.
In A Brief History of Chinese Novels, Mr. Lu Xun also said that The Classic of Mountains and Seas "covered the ancient sorcerer's book" and in China Literature Outline "covered it to remember the gods". It is enough to prove that Shan Hai Jing is an ancient book with great mythological research value.
Shan Hai Jing was written from the Warring States Period to the early Han Dynasty. It records more than 40 countries, 550 mountains, 300 waterways and 100 historical figures. More than 400 monsters and animals. It integrates geography, local chronicles, ethnography, folklore, witchcraft and a large number of primitive myths.
In ancient times, most scholars believed that Shan Hai Jing was written by Yu Xia and Boyi. Today, it seems that this statement is completely nonsense. No matter from its all-encompassing content or from the different writing time of each book, Shan Hai Jing was not written by one person at a time, but was compiled collectively. Because the content of Shan Hai Jing is very extensive, which is beyond the ability of private individuals, even the leadership of a clan or tribe can only be compiled into a part of it. Due to the limitation of ancient geography and traffic conditions, it is impossible for a tribe to know everything. Therefore, it can only be accumulated by word of mouth of wizards, and it was not until the later generations of unification that a book was compiled. The duties of early wizards determined the structure of their cultural knowledge. They all knew astronomy, geography, history, religion, biology, medicine, imperial lineage and major technological inventions, so the content of Shan Hai Jing was very complicated.
Mountains, waters, countries, nationalities, animals, plants, minerals, medicines, etc. Most of the records in Shan Hai Jing are different, but some of them are common. However, both unusual and common are aspects of ancient history, geography and customs. Therefore, if you want to understand the ancient mountain geography, folk customs, exotic birds and animals, immortals and demons, treasures, natural minerals and fairy tales, you must read Shan Hai Jing.
The well-known myths and legends preserved in Shan Hai Jing, such as Jingwei's reclamation, chasing the sun, shooting for nine days, fishing guns to control water, and * * * public anger not touching Zhoushan, not only reflect the contradiction between man and nature in the form of fantasy, but also give people positive encouragement. And those descriptions of nature, such as the rising and setting of the sun every day, the moon's gain and loss every month, and the changes in temperature and warmth throughout the year, are not only made by the ancients to explain natural phenomena, but more importantly, give people the courage to explore.