Students majoring in automation have a solid foundation in natural science, humanities and social sciences, and strong comprehensive foreign language ability. The following is the automation paper I gave you. Welcome to reading.
abstract
This paper expounds the present situation of electrical automation specialty in China, and looks forward to its development in combination with some new developments abroad.
key word
Present situation and development trend of electrical automation specialty
1 Overview of Electrical Automation Specialty
Electrical automation specialty uses power electronics technology, microcomputer control technology and computer network technology to realize electrical automatic control, uses computer technology to realize program control, and realizes automatic control and operation and maintenance functions of power system through system integration. Its remarkable characteristics are integration, intelligence and synthesis, and rapid automation of fault response.
Electrical automation has a wide range of specialties, including distribution automation, substation automation and feeder automation. Distribution automation includes all hardware facilities and control processes of the distribution system, and the process of distribution automation is realized by transmission, distribution and electricity consumption. Substation automation realizes system monitoring and management through feed automation. In feed automation, it is highly integrated. In addition to conventional telemetry, remote communication and remote control, including automatic reclosing, feeder fault monitoring and power quality monitoring, it also integrates the monitoring function of circuit breaker and gradually develops into an intelligent switch.
2 the development history of electrical automation specialty
With the rapid development of electronic technology and information technology, electrical automation specialty has gone out of the factory and is widely used in office, transportation and other fields.
(1) Fully control the switching period of power electronics. The appearance of thyristor in 1950s marked the beginning of a new era of motion control. Subsequently, AC frequency conversion technology and full control device GTR appeared, that is, the second generation of power electronic devices. The third generation equipment includes IGBT and MGT. The fourth generation device is composed of power integrated circuit PIC.
(2) The circuit develops from low frequency to high frequency. With the update of power electronic devices, the converter circuit is also changing. During the ordinary thyristor period, the rectification control was mainly completed by DC-driven converter. AC frequency conversion drive is completed by AC -DC- AC frequency converter. In the second generation, PWM converter has been widely used. PWM technology can improve work efficiency, reduce the influence of higher harmonics on power grid and improve the problem of low frequency torque ripple of motor.
(3) The development of AC speed regulation theory. German scholar F99Blasche proposed that the magnetic field of AC motor should be away from the market, which was inherited and developed by German university professor Depenbrock. After F99Blasche, Professor D put forward the idea of direct torque control and extended it to the field of weak magnetic speed regulation. This control idea has the characteristics of simple structure, novel idea and clear physical concept of signal processing, and belongs to a new AC speed regulation method with high static and dynamic performance.
(4) General frequency conversion period. Universal frequency converter is a series, mass production, medium and small power frequency converter with the largest market capacity. It has gone through the development process from ordinary function U/F control to high function U/F control and then to high dynamic performance moderate control.
(5) The development of single chip microcomputer. Because the dominant MCS-5 1 single chip microcomputer has simple functions and short instructions, PIC series single chip microcomputer suitable for mass production has been popularized and used, and its reliability and confidentiality are very high.
3 Current situation of electrical automation specialty in China
3。 Open development of 1 platform
The appearance of OPC technology, the wide application of Microsoft Windows platform and the promulgation of IEC6 1 13 1 have laid a good foundation for the development of electrical technology. The man-machine interface based on PC technology has become the mainstream trend, and the control system based on PC technology is widely adopted and applied because of its flexibility and easy integration.
3。 Fieldbus and Distributed Control Technology
Fieldbus is a serial communication bus with digital bidirectional transmission branch structure connecting intelligent equipment and automation system. Including the computer located in the central control room, the monitoring software and the CPU of PLC, the remote I/O station, the intelligent instrument, the low-voltage circuit breaker and frequency converter located at the site, etc. The central control room is connected to the site through serial cables, and a large amount of information of these field devices is collected and transmitted to the central control room. The development of information technology will inevitably lead to the development of basic information system based on network integrated automation system.
3。 3 IT technology and electrical automation major
The development of market demand promotes the integration of electrical automation specialty and IT technology platform. The influence of information technology on the industry is mainly divided into two aspects: one is the vertical penetration of management; The second is to expand horizontally to automation equipment, machines and systems. Among them, the vertical penetration of information technology can help enterprises access the current production data in real time and improve the efficiency of management data processing system. Horizontally, information technology has penetrated into all levels of products, including sensors and actuators, as well as controllers and instruments.
4. The new development direction of foreign electrical automation specialty
French ICC technology, also known as user communication interface test, can realize real-time meter reading, power outage control, remote management and other functions, which can help users know the electricity price in real time and provide conditions for users to realize optimal management of electricity consumption. Optimizing electricity consumption means that users reasonably choose their own electricity consumption equipment and time periods according to the real-time electricity price system, or use some equipment in different time periods.
Italy has developed an intelligent assistant for household electric appliances, which can display and control the power supply information in real time with the help of the user's TV set, and is convenient for querying the power supply service information at any time. This not only facilitates the life of residents, but also facilitates the interaction between suppliers and users. Suppliers can remember that this platform issues various notices to users to help users put forward suggestions on energy saving and consumption reduction schemes. Users can not only get real-time electricity price information and power supply services, but also save electricity and reduce economic consumption. The realization of this function can also save energy, reduce consumption and protect the environment.
The system jointly developed by Spain and France can help families optimize the application and management of electric energy. With the help of some consulting configuration machines and energy management systems, users can be provided with optimal configuration suggestions and load shedding functions. According to the living habits and requirements of different users, we can provide optimized, economical and comfortable suggestions for different users.
These advanced and humanized equipment abroad represent the development direction of real-time, automation and functional management of modern electrical automation specialty, which can improve the reliability and power quality of power supply and the quality of power supply service for users, and will have superior economy and good social comprehensive benefits in the future high-tech society.
5 development trend of electrical automation specialty
The future development trend of electrical automation specialty has three characteristics: distribution, openness and informatization. Distributed refers to the network structure that can ensure that each intelligent module in the network can work independently and complete the function of system risk dispersion; Openness means that the system has an interface with the outside world and can realize the connection function between the system and the external network system; Informatization means that system information has comprehensive processing ability, and network automation and management control are integrated by combining network technology.
(1) system monitoring integration. Modern electrical equipment is gradually developing towards generalization, modularization and serialization, which can realize the characteristics of flexible configuration. Because all the functions of computer technology can be directly completed through the screen software buttons, the integration of system monitoring has been greatly improved. By adopting integrated monitoring, double or multiple redundancy can be realized, which is helpful for system improvement and reliability improvement.
(2) System networking. In order to improve the reliability of the system, the control network mostly adopts redundant structure, which can complete digitalization and efficient automation instead of complex manual operation, greatly improving work efficiency, reducing the workload of staff and improving their working environment. At the same time, a high degree of automation can also reduce frequent operations, reduce misoperation rate and further improve system reliability.
(3) The system is humanized. With the development of interactive network, information interaction between suppliers and users is more convenient. Through the humanized and automated electrical automation device, the supplier can know the user's information in real time, provide users with more practical, economical and safe suggestions, and learn more about the user's information, thus providing data for the stable and reliable operation of the system. With the help of high-tech technology, users can learn more about their electricity consumption and improve their personal comfort and economy by combining supplier information.
6 conclusion
Although electrical automation technology has been widely used and penetrated into all fields of national economy, it is still innovating and developing. In the increasingly fierce market competition, in order to obtain economic benefits, we must actively absorb advanced experience and technology to create conditions for independent research and development.
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