I. Implementing the "Three Emancipations"
Encourage students to think boldly and draw up a research topic from the beginning? Emancipate students' brains, teachers don't set too many rules and regulations for students; Free students' hands, let them move, and provide them with necessary scientific research equipment, reference books, computers, etc. To liberate students, teachers should not lock them in the classroom, but give them time to go out of the campus and go to the society. Let students choose research topics according to their own life and social life reality and personal hobbies, and teachers should be fully prepared for possible problems. Research-based learning should always adhere to the principles of students' independent research, independent regulation, independent management and self-improvement. Counselors should first emancipate their minds, have a clear understanding and successfully realize the role transformation; In the process of research-based learning, teachers are no longer imparting knowledge, but organizers and instructors. If conditions permit, he might as well become one of the participants and even have the courage to accept the leadership of students. ? After the students' enthusiasm was mobilized, they quickly collected a large number of topics. The instructor conducted research and analysis on the topics selected by the students, and found that there were several typical problems in topic selection: 1. This theme is too big to be implemented. Such as "China Industry" and "Current Situation of Energy Distribution and Utilization in the World". ? 2. The technical content of the project is too high, which exceeds the knowledge accumulation of students and the conditions that the school can provide, such as "building a house on the moon" and "building a space station". ? 3. The subject is divorced from its own reality, and it is impossible to make necessary investigations under the existing conditions, such as "exploring wonders around the world" and "endangered species". ? 4. The topics are too similar or identical. ? In addition, some students worked out their own topics on impulse. These exposed problems reflect that students still lack rational thinking on the topic selection and underestimate the depth and breadth of the topic selection. In view of this situation, we have made a serious analysis, thus forming the guiding opinions for the second stage of work. ? Second, classify and organize, conduct feasibility demonstration, select and determine research topics, and set up research groups? In this process, the instructor should give full play to the students' main role and let them participate in the collective discussion of all topics. Teachers should not only adhere to the principle of students' autonomy, but also guide students out of the misunderstanding of perceptual knowledge. Teachers and students should sort out and classify the topics, and reach an agreement on the necessary research direction and specific requirements. ? (1) social investigation: the research direction is to investigate a natural phenomenon or human phenomenon, and analyze, summarize and summarize the survey data to form a survey report. Requirements: ① The angle of topic selection should be small and new; (2) The investigation methods can be field observation, interview, questionnaire survey and data collection; (3) The survey data and materials should be representative, and the analysis based on special data should be avoided. For example, the investigation of water pollution in Yangzhou, the distribution of traffic accident-prone areas in Yangzhou, the distribution of local scientific and technological talents, the distribution of population in Yangzhou and the layout of schools. ? (2) Planning and layout: design a reasonable planning and layout scheme, draw relevant layout sketches and write relevant papers for agricultural, industrial, commercial, transportation, scientific research institutions and towns within an administrative division. Requirements: ① The selected administrative scope should be small; ② The design scheme should be original, and the problems that need to be solved have not been solved; (3) The planning and layout should be operable and not divorced from reality; ④ Don't easily deny the existing planning layout, learn more from other people's research results and read more relevant materials and pictures. Such as: Yangzhou railway route selection, urban commercial network construction, Yangzhou tourism best route design, Yangzhou city development direction, Yangzhou city industrial layout and environmental protection. ? (3) Geography small production: the production and design of geography teaching AIDS, models, geography multimedia courseware, simple daily necessities, etc. Take out finished products or design drawings and write product introduction. The production of (1) should have a certain scientific and technological content or innovative ingredients, and it is impossible to assemble according to the drawing or simply imitate the existing finished products, but only slightly change the size or color. However, some changes can be made from a new angle on the basis of the existing finished products. ② It requires high hands-on ability, and the products made should be practical rather than simple toys. (3) The introduction of products should have ideas, features and functions. Especially new products, and should be accompanied by drawings and data. Physical samples should be displayed. ④ Multimedia courseware should be practical and can be published on the Internet. Such as: indoor hygrometer, campus sand table. ? (4) On-the-spot scientific research: conduct on-the-spot investigation in a certain area, analyze and summarize the investigation results, put forward questions and constructive opinions, and form words. (1) the scope of field research should be small. (2) Read a lot of information in this field in advance. (3) We should make a field trip from geographical location, topography, climate, hydrology, biological resources, economic conditions, human landscape and other aspects, or choose one of the topics. (4) To strive for new discoveries, we cannot copy the records of the original data. ⑤ Put forward practical questions or opinions. Such as: Yizheng Houshan inspection, changes in Yangzhou section of the Yangtze River, etc. ? (5) Geography experiment: conduct experimental research on a certain problem and form experimental reports and papers. (1) The topic selection angle should be small, and it is feasible to start with small problems. (2) often use * * * and organize the knowledge of other disciplines. ③ The experimental method should be scientific, and the experimental data should be representative, not based on special cases, and the original data should be kept. ④ The purpose, method, process and result of the experiment should be clearly written in the experiment report, and the unsolvable problems, difficulties and possible new situations should also be listed one by one. Such as: water pollution degree of Slender West Lake Park and its remediation plan, noise pollution index of Yangzhou City, and analysis of urban air quality. ? (6) Theoretical discussion: After studying one or more geographical documents or new geographical research results, conduct in-depth research on one aspect and form your own views. ① Research can be conducted vertically, horizontally or in combination, and comparative research can also be conducted. The angle of topic selection should be small and creative. Comparative research has appropriate comparison points. (2) We must carefully read a certain number of relevant documents and related review articles and extract them into cards, indicating the source. 3 Don't easily deny other people's research results, and don't hold extreme views. You can supplement, deepen or put forward new ideas on the basis of other people's research results. After doing a lot of research and summary in academic circles, most people should not innovate. ④ This kind of research study is generally difficult, so students are advised to choose carefully. For example, the changes of Jiangsu coastal areas in Quaternary, whether the atmosphere is warming or cooling, El Ni? o and La Ni? a phenomena, etc. ? (7) Other categories: research between or across several types or other types. Generally, a paper or report should be formed. (1) This kind of research should generally focus on feasibility demonstration. (2) Pay special attention to the guidance of methods to this kind of research, because the methods used in this kind of research are often special and may sometimes exceed our estimates. This kind of research is often very creative, so don't deny it easily. ? What needs to be emphasized here is that teachers should always participate in the classification and feasibility demonstration of topics with an equal attitude and fully respect students' choices. Even if you have doubts about individual topics, you don't have to expect to reach an understanding immediately after proper guidance, let alone impose your own ideas and suggestions on students. It should be noted that if we can find the problems in our own project and correct them after entering the later stage of research, and then re-enter the ideal research state, it will be a great gain for all the students involved in this process, which may be closer to our original intention of offering research-based learning courses. ? Teachers and students screen and determine research topics together, and further guide students to form their own project teams, select team leaders, determine the division of labor among members, formulate cooperation plans, and implement research-based learning. ? 3. Teachers' guidance on students' topic selection should run through the whole process of inquiry learning? After a full discussion of the research topics, after a period of practice and exploration by students, problems have emerged. The difficulties encountered in the research process are more than originally thought, and the implementation is more difficult than originally thought. It's possible. Teachers should give timely guidance, first of all, encourage students to face difficulties and not to stagnate. As long as you work hard, you will eventually gain something, and research-based learning itself mainly focuses on the learning process. Furthermore, guide students to modify research topics and carry out research activities more scientifically and practically. It is necessary to effectively combine the revision guidance of topic selection with mid-term monitoring. What needs to be pointed out here is that if necessary, after discussion, the research topic can even be re-determined. Of course, in this way, everyone must reach a * * * understanding, and don't change the topic easily unless absolutely necessary, so as not to dampen students' enthusiasm and waste a lot of time.