Both parties involved in the B2B business model are enterprises, which are characterized by a large number of orders, with an average of 75,000 US dollars. Business negotiation is needed, and transactions are conducted according to fixed contract terms and business rules. Credit begins with credit cards, and later requires a more complex bank credit management system. The infrastructure required by participating enterprises includes LAN, customized directory and process rules.
The business model of B2C is that customers directly contact with merchants, which is characterized by a small number of orders, with an average of 75 yuan, mainly according to the price list or fixed price, which belongs to impulse purchase or occasional purchase, so advertising plays a great role. Credit depends on consumer credit cards, and the infrastructure is mainly Internet links.
Morgan Stanley Tim Hui believes that there are eight main B2C business models:
(1) product websites, such as Dell and Cisco, mainly introduce various related products;
(2) For example, Amazon has expanded from a single online bookstore to Amazon.com.
(3) The portal website also has a shopping model, and the representative enterprise is AOL, which acquired time warner Inc. Company through "Snake Swallow Elephant" and merged into EMI Record Company, thus establishing an online and offline linkage business model.
(4) Second-hand goods auction-merchants give it to customers or vice versa, such as the mode of Onsale Company.
(5) Person-to-person pure online auction, represented by Ebay. But according to our understanding, it should be classified as C2C mode.
(6) The core of the lowest price mode is to highlight the characteristics of low cost, that is, to realize zero friction cost plus zero in the middle link, represented by Buy.com.
(7) The buyer's pricing model fully empowers consumers to decide the price, represented by Priceline.com.
(8) Seeking the best price is also a kind of marketing around the price, such as Jungle, Jungle, Jango and MySimon.
According to the different services provided to consumers, B2C business models can be divided into seven types: electronic brokerage, electronic direct selling, electronic retail, distance education, online booking, online distribution and online finance.
Scholars at the University of Texas in the United States have classified B2B business models according to the degree of innovation and the ability of functional integration:
(1) Electronic stores promote sales, reduce costs, and find demand and new business opportunities.
(2) E-procurement reduces costs and seeks for supplies and new suppliers.
(3) Electronic auctions match transactions through auctions, so that * * * can enjoy information and reduce costs.
(4) Electronic Mall, the epitome of electronic stores.
(5) Trading services and marketing support provided by third-party markets for multiple businesses.
(6) Communication among members of the virtual community enhances the value.
(7) Value chain service providers support some value chains, such as logistics and payment systems.
(8) Value chain integration enhances value by integrating many links in the value chain.
(9) Joint platform: cooperation in business processes, such as joint design.
(10) Information intermediary and credit service: business information consultation, neutral and credible third-party service.
Steven G. Kaplan and Mohanbir Sonet think:
(1) Commercial procurement is divided into manufacturing input and operating input. Manufacturing input means that raw materials and parts directly form finished products or enter the manufacturing process. Essentially, manufacturing investment tends to be "vertical". Operational input, also known as MRO. Refers to the indirect input of raw materials and services that do not directly form finished products. Operating investment tends to be "horizontal" in nature, and it is also suitable for third parties to provide services through distribution.
(2) Another important difference in business purchase is how to buy products and services. This can be divided into: system procurement and site procurement. System procurement is through prior consultation with qualified suppliers. Usually, contracts are long-term contracts. These purchases are "relationship-oriented", and most of the manufacturing inputs are completed through systematic procurement. Spot purchase from strange suppliers