First, what is "morality"

As a social ideology, morality is the norm and norm of people's life and behavior, and it has five functions: cognition, regulation, education, evaluation and balance. Morality is determined by the economic foundation of a certain society and serves a certain social and economic foundation. Different times and different classes have different moral concepts. Morality often represents the positive value orientation of society and plays a role in judging whether behavior is justified or not. The moral concept of human beings is gradually formed under the influence of acquired certain production relations and public opinion. Moral education teaches people to know themselves, their responsibilities and obligations to their families, others, society and the country, and correctly understand the laws and principles of social moral life, so as to correctly choose their own behavior and life path. Morality enables people to use their own standards of good and evil to regulate people's behavior in society, guide and correct people's behavior, and make the relationship between people and society perfect and harmonious. Morality cultivates people's good moral consciousness, moral quality and moral behavior, and sets up correct concepts such as obligation, honor, justice and happiness. Morality, as an evaluation system, is a huge social force and people's internal will power, and it is a way for people to grasp reality through evaluation.

China has a civilization history of 5,000 years, and is known as "the state of etiquette". China people are also famous for their polite style. Etiquette civilization, as an important part of China traditional culture, has a wide and far-reaching impact on the social and historical development of China, and its content is very rich. Etiquette covers a wide range and permeates almost every aspect of ancient society.

In ancient China, etiquette was derived from the clan system and the hierarchical relationship between nobles and the lower classes in order to meet the needs of the society at that time, so it had the characteristics and limitations of that era. Today, moral deficiency has become a common phenomenon in modern society, which challenges morality. What is the reason for the decline of social morality? In addition to the negative impact of social transformation and the lack of family moral education, what is more crucial is the lack of people's own moral values.

Second, thinking about typical cases.

Old people are not used to falling without help, but such incidents have occurred frequently in recent years. So when did this phenomenon begin? Why has it become more and more rampant in recent years?

Nanjing's famous "Peng Yu case" is a prelude to the old man's fall. 165438+20061October 20th, Xu Shoulan, an old man from Nanjing, fell down while catching a bus and went to the hospital for examination. After discovering the need to replace the artificial femoral head, he insisted that Peng Yu, who met her at the station and accompanied her to the hospital, was the perpetrator, so Peng Yu was taken to court by Xu Shoulan and was finally awarded 45,876.6 yuan in compensation. Since then, similar cases have occurred frequently in China. On June 5438+1October 265438+1October 2009, Xu Yun, a citizen of Tianjin, found a 67-year-old man who fell after crossing the middle guardrail of the road. He immediately stopped and dialed 120 to take the old man to the hospital. Unexpectedly, the old man insisted afterwards that he had hurt himself. Subsequently, Tianjin Hongqiao Court ruled in the first instance that Xu Yunhe should bear 40% of the responsibility and pay compensation of 65,438+10,000 yuan. On August 28th, 2065438+0/kloc-0, Yin Hongbin, a bus driver in Nantong, Jiangsu, helped an old man who fell down while driving. The old man thanked him for his good deeds. Just after Yin Hongbin drove away, the traffic police received an alarm from the masses, saying that a bus ran away after hitting an old man, and the old man also insisted that he was hit by a bus. Finally, the video taken by the bus monitoring system proves that Yin Hongbin really helped others. In Zhaoqing, Guangdong, the person who helped the elderly fall was beaten by the old man's son-in-law; Chaoyang, Liaoning, because the traffic police issued a surveillance video to confirm that the helper was not responsible, the old man's son rushed into the traffic police team to beat the traffic police and smashed the office; In Beijing, my son went to the helper's house behind his father's back, forcing the other party to pay the hospitalization deposit for him. ....................................................................................................................................................

Third, where is the road?

legal protection

Six years have passed since the Nanjing Peng Yu case in 2006. This highly controversial civil lawsuit left two far-reaching sequelae. One is that no one dares to help the old man who fell on the road, and the other is that the injured passerby bit the stranger who saved him. These two symptoms have appeared all over the country recently.

Yes, in the face of the evil of human nature, people on the scene, such as the onlookers of the old man who fell on Hanyang Road, may have the same or the same question: If there is no camera, who will prove my innocence? It is a kind of collapse of social morality that the old people fall down in downtown without help, which will make ordinary people, especially the vulnerable groups, feel uneasy. However, the way to save can't stop at condemning the conscience of the parties and calling for the kindness of ordinary people. What it needs first is the correct argument of the law. Peng Yu case in Nanking and Xu Yunhe case in Tientsin not only influenced by human feelings, but also tortured the judiciary. Are the legal provisions strict? In execution, regardless of the size of the case and the identity of the defendant and plaintiff, do judicial workers insist on taking facts as the basis and taking the law as the criterion? Is it possible to eliminate human interference, give up both aspects and unilaterally pursue local harmony? Because the short-term "harmony principle" may shake legal justice in the long run. In the judgment of "Peng Yu case", there is such a passage: "From the common sense analysis, it (Peng Yu) is more likely to collide with the plaintiff. If the defendant does a good job, it is more practical to catch the person who hit the plaintiff, rather than just helping each other in good faith. If the defendant is doing a good deed, according to social common sense, after the plaintiff's family arrived, they could have stated the facts and asked the plaintiff's family to take the plaintiff to the hospital and then left on their own, but the defendant did not make such a choice, and his behavior was obviously contrary to reason. " You missed it. Why are you helping? You missed it. Why did you send it to the hospital? You missed it. Why do you have to pay for medical expenses in advance? Is it necessary to hit someone to help, send a doctor and pay for medical expenses? Is it possible that the so-called "being brave" and "helping others" can't happen for no reason, and all can only be a reaction after doing "bad things"? Such a judgment, even if it denies the Chinese nation's basic moral concept of "respecting the elderly and loving the young" for more than 2,000 years, has already broken the hearts of people all over the world who are willing to do good deeds-the attitude of "none of their business" has almost been affirmed by the legal level in disguise. The judgment of the same Xu Yunhe case reads: "According to the situation issued by Tianjin Tiantong Judicial Appraisal Center, it is stated that" it is not certain that HAK206 bus has contact with pedestrian Wang Xiuzhi, and it is not excluded that HAK206 bus has no contact with Wang Xiuzhi ". If it is not certain, it cannot be ruled out. Then you have to bear the relevant legal responsibilities, and you have to bear compensation as high as 654.38+ 10,000-how can such a judgment be convincing? How can such a legal loophole prevent more people who fall from biting back and defrauding economic interests? How can we make more people have confidence and dare to do good deeds?

There is a lack of strong legal protection and humanistic care for morality in law. Without the legal constraint of people-oriented concept, more people will only forget the moral bottom line, and more tragedies will occur that ignore human nature and trample on life. Looking back on the sudden public accidents in recent years, from melamine to the "115" fire in Shanghai, from the particularly serious traffic accident on the "July 23" Ningbo-Wenzhou line to the school bus accident in Zhengning County, Gansu Province, food safety, traffic safety, medical and health safety and other similar accidents have emerged one after another, and life safety is safe. If our social morality is sound enough, how can food production enterprises implant incredible chemical ingredients again and again regardless of people's health? If our social morality is sound enough, how can someone ignore people's life safety for the complicated economic interest chain behind them, so that all kinds of safety accidents occur frequently? The supervision is too loose, there are too many legal gaps, and the crime cost is so low! The law is to force some hearts with evil thoughts to the right path. There is no sound social moral system, and there is no relevant law to restrain morality. Even if you help an old man, you need to take photos in advance and find onlookers to prove it. Isn't this the sorrow of society? We should be more aware that even carrying forward the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation will become so powerless if there is no sound law to provide protection. Law is the backing of morality. Without the support and promotion of law, the bottom line of morality can only be lowered. Why do so many people watch the old man fall but few people help him? It's not that morality is really dead in modern people's minds, but the facts such as "Peng Yu case" and "Xu Yunhe case" make people find that the law has not provided us with moral support and protection. If it becomes so difficult to give an old man a hand when he falls, there will be more people who are not afraid of moral judgment and legal sanctions in other fields. Laws that lack humanistic care cannot give consideration to morality. Laws that lack humanistic care cannot even protect the basic rights and interests of the virtuous. Law is the last straw to maintain morality.

(B) improve the social security system

Why did the old man falsely accuse the rescuers after falling? In order to get high compensation-although they usually use the banner of "money is not an end, the key is to get justice for themselves". Why do old people need such high compensation? If they have a very stable income, perfect medical insurance and social security, will they take risks without conscience and sue those who have helped them? Not necessarily. Now the gap between urban and rural areas, the gap between the rich and the poor, and the gap between the east and the west is so big that many people can't take care of themselves. How many people can consider morality when there is no sense of security in life? If honest labor is legally managed, there will be reasonable income, and how many people make and sell fakes? If the survival of the fittest can gain a foothold in society through fair competition, how many people will repeatedly use improper means to create hidden rules? Similarly, if the medical care of the elderly is guaranteed, will they shift the responsibility to others for fear of bearing huge medical expenses? Mine accidents, fraud, traffic accidents, fraud, food safety problems, sky-high medical expenses ..... all kinds of problems have exposed the intricate interest chain and human nature that has long been distorted by money. Cang Li knows etiquette, food and clothing know honor and disgrace. If we have a sound system and equality and respect for everyone. If everyone can create happiness for himself through proper means. Then those immoral behaviors for money will definitely be greatly reduced. Imagine that helping an old man who fell may have to bear financial compensation, so when witnessing others encounter difficulties or even dangers, more people will inevitably choose to look on coldly. In the "Little Yueyue Incident" in Foshan, Guangdong, 18 passers-by walked by indifferently. Are they really hard-hearted, and can they turn a blind eye to a little life covered in blood? No, it's the defect of the system that makes them wonder whether saving people will be blackmailed and whether their families will ask them to take responsibility. Helping the elderly was falsely accused, so the story of "Mr. Dong Guo and the Wolf" was staged frequently. We can't help asking, is our imperfect social security system really driving some people who are forced by life astray? Helping others, being brave, respecting the old and caring for the young, giving yourself up for others, not being alone with your relatives, not being alone with your son ..... Will these virtues really become luxuries in today's society because there is no sound social security system?

(3) Education-oriented

From tainted milk powder to illegal use of additives in children's products to frequent campus safety accidents, children are victims of lack of social morality. No matter what worrying situation our social morality has reached, the hope of future social moral progress is still in the next generation. When a 12-year-old boy in Guangzhou said that his ideal was to be a corrupt official, it was not just his amazing "maturity" that shocked us. Looking back at the current education, what efforts have we made in moral education besides coping with exams? Virtue without virtue is defective, and virtue without virtue is dangerous. Schools give children knowledge, but few schools pay attention to how to cultivate students' sound personality. Many children have been versatile since childhood, and even learned to calculate economic accounts and human accounts under the education of their families. With the rapid development of the economy and the development of the media industry, many young hearts have matured long ago, and their innocence is no longer there. If there is no correct guidance and cases of moral corruption in society are allowed to erode children's hearts, then the so-called "social moral decline" is inevitable. However, after the frequent incidents of false accusations against elderly people who fell, many parents taught their children to mind their own business. June 5438 +2009 10, Wan Xin, a junior two student of Fenshui Middle School in Wanzhou District, Chongqing, helped the fallen old man on his way to the scene, only to be sued by the old man. This fact really scares all the children who want to do good deeds. Under such circumstances, what kind of facts should we use to educate our children and let them know the original simple truths of helping others and respecting the old and loving the young? People on earth are good at living. Imagine if even children are defensive, if even children will look at the world with suspicion, and if even children are unwilling to believe that there is truth, goodness and beauty in this world, what hope is there for our society and our morality? What is the future of our country and nation? Strengthening traditional culture education is obviously an effective way to cultivate children's moral quality. In addition to the existing classic reading, traditional cultural education is more important for the whole society to form a social atmosphere of respecting and loving the elderly and helping others, which is inseparable from the demonstration and exemplary role of adults. Don't let the children really have no courage to help a fallen old man, let alone let the children who help the old man suffer great harm. Morality is a quality and a great love. Love yourself and others is the simplest and most precious moral quality.

abstract

"The two most sacred, eternal, ever-changing things that surprise and shock us most are the stars in the sky and the moral law in our hearts." Kant said this. No one helped the old man when he fell, or he was framed for helping the old man, which can't prove that our social morality has dropped sharply. Although we still have various problems in law, social security system and next generation education, we still have to believe in truth, goodness and beauty, and believe that good moral quality can lead us and our nation to go further.