Lin fuming
(Department of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002)
China is the birthplace of tea trees and the first country to discover and utilize tea. Tea culture has a long history. China tea has a long history.
The tea area is vast, the tea art is exquisite, there are many famous teas, and the quality is good, ranking first in the world. China tea culture has a history of more than 4,000 years and is rich in content.
Including natural science and humanities, including both material and spiritual aspects. Tea culture is a combination of material civilization and spiritual civilization. "A cup of tea" and "guests"
"Come to worship tea" not only has material enjoyment, but also has "lead an honest and clean life" to cultivate sentiment. Represents the elegant and simple national fashion. Tea culture is outstanding in China.
An important part of culture. Its connotation is very rich. A tea word can write a cultural history, a diplomatic history and a poem.
History, but also to write a history of Zen.
China is the hometown of tea. From the emperor to the prince, people in China are familiar with tea.
Scholars, schools of thought contend, porters and vendors, and ordinary people all use tea.
That's right. People often say: "seven things to open the door, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea." This will do.
Seeing that tea has penetrated into all walks of life. Tea culture is roughly divided into the nature of tea.
The science and humanity of tea refers to the historical practice of human society.
The sum of material wealth and spiritual wealth related to tea. In a narrow sense
Speaking of it, focusing on the humanity of tea mainly refers to the spiritual function and social function of tea.
Tea culture is extensive and profound. The following is a general introduction to it.
1 The Enlightenment Period of Tea Culture
Many books set the discovery time of tea as 2737-2697 BC, which
History can be pushed to the Three Emperors and Five Emperors. Hua Tuo's Book of Food in the Eastern Han Dynasty: "Bitter tea is eaten for a long time,
The Book of Changes records the medicinal value of tea. The Western Han Dynasty named the tea-producing county as
"Chaling" means Chaling in Hunan. It was first recorded in Guangya of the Three Kingdoms Wei Dynasty.
Making method and drinking of cake tea: picking leaves between Jingba and Ye Laoren to make cakes and paste them with rice.
Get out. Tea appears in the form of substance and penetrates into other humanities, forming tea literature.
Change.
2 The budding period of tea culture in the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties
At the beginning of tea culture, Confucianism actively joined the WTO. Western Jin Dynasty and Eastern Jin Dynasty
In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, some visionary politicians put forward the idea of "keeping honesty with tea" to fight against it.
The wind of luxury at that time. Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the world has been in chaos, scholars have no way, and the world is hard to be peaceful.
The wind is light. These people talk all day, and there must be something to add to the fun, so there are many.
There was a party, so the first light family was full of drinkers. Such as: seven sages of bamboo forest. Late Qing dynasty
Breeze has developed to ordinary literati, but after all, it is a minority who can drink all day without getting drunk.
But Chaze can drink for a long time and stay awake all the time, so light scholars turn to good tea.
So there were many tea people in the later period. Literati in Han Dynasty advocated drinking tea as a way of writing.
There has been a beginning in the field of chemistry. By the Northern and Southern Dynasties, almost every cultural and ideological leader
Domain names are all related to tea sets. For politicians, tea advocates honesty and confrontation.
A tool of luxury; Among the writers of Ci and Fu, tea is thought-provoking to help Qing Xing.
Means; In the eyes of Buddhists, tea is a necessary thing for meditation. That's it, tea
Cultural and social functions have exceeded its natural use function, which makes China tea culture.
At the beginning of the clue. With the rise of literati drinking tea, poems and songs about tea have been asked more and more.
In the world, tea has left the diet as a general form and entered the cultural circle, playing a certain role.
Spiritual and social roles.
3 the formation period of tea culture in Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty had a vast territory and attached importance to foreign exchanges. Chang 'an was a political, cultural and cultural place at that time.
China tea culture was formed in this climate center. tea culture
Its formation was also related to the development of Buddhism at that time, the imperial examination system, the prosperity of poetic style and the prosperity of tribute tea.
I'm sorry, it's about prohibition. In the Tang Dynasty, Lu Yu formed his own thoughts on tea science, tea art and tea ceremony.
The Book of Tea, written in 780, is an epoch-making symbol. Tea Classics
It is not only about tea, but also permeates the essence of various schools and the poet's temperament and artistic thought.
This paper summarizes the natural and humanistic connotation of tea, and discusses the art of drinking tea.
Integrating Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism into tea drinking created the spirit of China Tea Ceremony and laid the foundation.
Theoretical basis of tea culture in China. Later, a large number of tea books and poems appeared, including Tea.
Shu, Fried Tea, Picking Tea and Sixteen Soups. Tea culture in Tang dynasty
The formation of Zen Buddhism is related to the rise of Zen Buddhism, because tea has the function of refreshing the brain, promoting fluid production and quenching thirst.
Therefore, temples advocate drinking tea, planting tea trees around temples, making tea ceremonies and setting up tea halls.
Choose a tea head, specializing in tea activities. China tea ceremony was formed in the Tang Dynasty, which is divided into court tea ceremony,
Temple tea ceremony, literati tea ceremony. The Tang Dynasty was dominated by monks, Taoists and literati.
Culture.
4 the prosperous period of tea culture in Song Dynasty
The tea industry in Song Dynasty developed greatly, which promoted the development of tea culture.
Professional tea tasting societies have emerged among the literati, including the "Tang Society" composed of officials and Buddhism.
"Thousand people club" and other behaviors. Compared with the Tang Dynasty, its culture further expanded upward and downward. one
On the one hand, the appearance of court tea culture, on the other hand, citizen tea culture and folk fighting.
The rise of tea style. Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, a tea lover, was placed in the palace.
Tea authorities, court tea has been graded. Tea ceremony became a ceremony, and giving tea became an emperor.
The emperor used an important means to win over ministers, take care of relatives as soon as possible and give them to foreign envoys. about
In the lower class, tea culture is more lively, some people migrate, and neighbors should "offer respondents to make up for 2009-06-24 19: 13 tea". When guests come, they should respect "Yuanbao tea" and get married when they are engaged.
When sharing a room, you should "order tea" and "combine tea". Folk tea fighting brought
A series of changes in cooking points. In the Song Dynasty, the direct tea-making method of the Tang people was changed to the tea-ordering method.
Pay attention to the unity of color and fragrance. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, the method of making tea appeared again, in order to drink tea.
Popularization and simplification have opened the way. Tea drinking skills in the Song Dynasty are quite exquisite, but
It's hard to blend in with thoughts and feelings. Because most of the tea people in Song Dynasty were famous literati,
It accelerates the integration of tea and related arts. Such as Xu Xuan, Yu Wang and Lin Tong,
Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Huang Tingjian, Mei, etc.
Writers love tea, so famous poets have tea poems, calligraphers have tea stickers, and painters also have them.
There are tea paintings. This makes the connotation of tea culture expanded and pure in literature and art.
The directly related part of spiritual culture. The tea culture of the citizens in Song Dynasty was mainly about drinking tea.
Bianjing Folk Custom In the Northern Song Dynasty, some people moved to new places.
Neighbors should "respect tea" with each other; Please have a cup of tea between neighbors and call it "a cup of tea". ) this
At that time, drinking tea had become a folk etiquette. Song people broadened the social level of tea culture.
Cultural form, tea is very prosperous, but tea art is complex, trivial and extravagant.
Lost the ideological spirit of tea culture in Tang Dynasty.
5 The popularization period of tea culture in Ming and Qing Dynasties
In the Yuan Dynasty, although the northern nationalities loved tea, they were impatient with the complicated tea art of the Song people.
Scholars have no intention of expressing their love affairs with tea, but hope to express them with tea.
Your chastity, hone your will. In tea culture, these two ideas are dark.
Coincidence means that tea art is simple and simple. Tea Writing from Yuan Dynasty to Middle Ming Dynasty
The form is similar. First, tea art is simplified. Second, the spirit of tea culture is in harmony with nature.
Show bitterness with tea. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, fine tea culture reappeared.
Although making and cooking tea did not return to the tedium of Song people, the tea style tended to be refined and a lot of tea was produced.
People even soak in tea all their lives, and have a tendency to play with things. This period
There have also been steamed green, fried green, baked green and other teas, and drinking tea has also been changed to "pinch"
"Soaking method", many scholars in Ming Dynasty left masterpieces handed down from generation to generation, such as Tang Bohu's "Cooking Answer Supplement" 2009-06-24 19: 13 tea map, tea tasting map, Huishan tea party in Wen Zhiming and Lu Yu's tea making.
Figure ","tea tasting map "and so on. With the increase of tea, the skills of making tea are different, and the tea sets are also different.
There are various styles, textures and patterns. By the Qing Dynasty, tea export had become a form.
Industry, tea books, tea events, tea poems are numerous.
6 the development period of modern tea culture
After the founding of New China, the annual output of tea in China increased from 1949 tons to 7500 tons.
0998 65438+920,000 t. The substantial increase of tea material wealth is the fruit of China tea culture.
1982, the first one was established in Hangzhou.
A social organization with the purpose of promoting tea culture-"Tea People's Home", 1983
"Luyu Tea Culture Research Association" was established in Hubei, and "China Tea Friendship" was established in 1990.
The Society was established in Beijing, and 1993 established "China International Tea Culture Research Society" in the lake.
China Tea Museum officially opened in Xihu Township, Hangzhou on 199 1.
1998 China international peaceful tea culture exchange hall was built. With the prosperity of tea culture
Since then, there have been more and more teahouses all over the country. The ninth international symposium on tea culture has been held.
It attracted Japanese, Korean, American, Sri Lankan, Hongkong and Taiwan Province to participate. Provinces, cities and major cities
Tea-producing counties hold "tea festivals", such as the Rock Tea Festival and Cloud Festival in Wuyishan City, Fujian Province.
Pu 'er Tea Festival in the south, tea in Yingshan Xinchang, Taishun, Hubei and Xinyang, Henan.
Leaf nodes are too numerous to mention. They all use tea as a carrier to promote the all-round development of economy and trade.
Nowadays, tea has developed into one of the three non-alcoholic drinks that are popular all over the world, drinking tea.
Hobbies spread all over the world. In Britain, tea is regarded as a beauty drink, which comes from the palace.
After the court spread to the people, it formed the fashion custom of drinking morning tea and afternoon tea, and learned a lot.
Reverend Reddy called tea "the liquid of health, the drink of the soul". In the eyes of the French,
Tea is "the gentlest, most romantic and most poetic drink". In Japan, tea is not.
It is only considered as a "panacea" and a "drink of the atomic age", but in Japan.
In the long-term practice of drinking tea, people have separated drinking tea from the needs of daily material life.
Scope, develop and sublimate into an elegant culture and art-tea ceremony. along with society 's
With the development and progress, the bright pearl of China tea culture will be more colorful. The respondent supplemented the reference of June 24, 200919: 24:
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