What constitutes knowledge must be real information, which is the structure, state and change of things in time and space, the mutual relationship and interaction between things, and the objective expression of their occurrence and development laws. Information can be transmitted, copied and disseminated without loss. Information is the basic element of living things. Organisms transmit their own traits from generation to generation through genetic information, and sense and transmit information through various senses, nervous systems and hormones to coordinate the activities of various organs in the body. The most important organ of the human body is the brain, which collects, stores, transmits, analyzes and regulates information. It determines people's thinking and guides people's activities. It is the most delicate organ that processes the information produced in the process of biological evolution. Up to now, some functions of the brain still surpass those of the most advanced computers, but computers are catching up quickly, and the era when computers have higher functions will soon come. Organisms perceive external information through sensory organs, but what they get is usually partial and superficial information, sometimes false information. Getting rid of the false and keeping the true, getting rid of the rough and getting the essence, from here to there, from the outside to the inside, are the necessary methods to obtain real information and form knowledge. Information plays an important role in forming social organizations, carrying out social activities, forming an orderly state, or triggering various social crises and undermining social stability. National economy informatization is an important key to improve the overall quality and competitiveness of the economy. In competition, it is very important to master and control information. Know yourself and yourself. Information warfare, which creates false information and destroys enemy information systems, has become the main mode of war today. The rapid development of information technology is accelerating economic development, accelerating the pace of industrial structure adjustment and overall social change. Information technology is changing the management mode of government and enterprises and becoming an important part of comprehensive competitiveness. In today's society, network and information products have been integrated into people's lifestyles, and the growth of information production and consumption will become the main driving force for economic development and social progress. Digitalization, networking, intelligence, personalization, miniaturization, mobility, service, participation and interaction are the development directions of information technology, and they are also the main directions for transforming traditional industries, promoting economic development and realizing social informatization with information technology. The long-distance real-time transmission of information makes individuals, regions and the world closely connected, and information can spread nonlinearly and even contribute to growth. Due to the long-distance nonlinear effect of information, for complex systems, local information (which may be false or exaggerated information) will also lead to serious disastrous consequences under certain conditions, such as stock market speculation bringing bubbles and individual events causing social unrest. In the 1990s, the American economy relied on the development of information technology and information industry, adjusted its industrial structure in time, and improved the competitiveness of traditional industries, thus overcoming the challenges of Japan and achieving long-term high-speed economic development. The excessive optimism of the United States about the new economy, the hype of public opinion, and the high and rapid expectation of the network economy have injected a lot of venture capital under the condition that the market and legal conditions are not mature enough, resulting in a lot of redundant construction, no characteristics and no economic benefits, resulting in an economic bubble. In the second half of 2000, the stock market fell, the bubble burst, the economic development of the United States and the world slowed down, entered a period of stagnation and recession, and began another round of industrial restructuring. However, no matter what the world economic situation is, information technology will continue to develop, the speed will not slow down, the competition will become more intense, and the network economy will achieve new and great development after structural adjustment. Information science and technology is the science and technology with the fastest development, the widest driving range, the ability to accelerate economic development and the greatest impact on economic structure and social change. Information technology will permeate all industries, services and management. Communication, computer, photography, audio, television and other industries began to merge on the basis of digitalization and networking, which brought fierce market competition and a new round of industrial structure and division of labor adjustment. White goods have also begun the process of networking and intelligence. Some new development fields of information technology are high-speed ultra-large-scale microelectronic chips, supercomputers, networks and unified broadband integrated service networks. In the field of wireless communication and wireless connection, the global information network and the global information systems such as geography, meteorology, resources, disasters and transportation represented by the digital earth integrate communication, sensing, calculation and control into an intelligent, automatic and participatory fusion network. In the application of information technology, it involves comprehensive intelligent man-machine interface and software. Intelligent office and management system, virtual augmented reality technology with three-dimensional immersion of e-commerce and e-government and related applications, such as online office, schools, research institutes, hospitals, museums, libraries, shops, banks and so on. Provide various remote, real-time and interactive services in cyberspace, and carry out education, scientific research, meetings, shopping, sightseeing, booking, payment, diagnosis and other activities on the Internet. And where is the integrated circuit used? Computers account for 2%, sensors and controllers account for 98%, of which robots account for 6% and vehicles account for 12%. The number of sensors and controllers that can be carried anywhere at any time is increasing. Once a wireless global network is formed, people's perception and action ability will be greatly enhanced. From the network point of view, the efficiency of the network depends on the bandwidth, that is, the transmission speed. The function of a network is proportional to the square of the number of nodes connected to the network. At present, there are more than 654.38+00000 pages on the Internet every day, each page has 7 ~ 654.38+0 links, and the total number of pages has exceeded several billion. In the past 20 years, the equipment introduced by Cisco Company in the United States has increased the bandwidth scalability of the infrastructure of network service providers to 5 Gbps (5 trillion bits per second), which can accommodate the interface of 1OGbps (10 billion bits per second) and expanded the switching capacity to 320Gbps. The evolution of network information society to unified IP core network is the general trend of 2 1 century. Internet adopts an open architecture and a unified standard protocol, and any access network can communicate with it as long as it adopts Internet Protocol (IP). Traditional wired and mobile wireless phones are different. They have their own independent switching and transmission networks. However, the access network of wireless mobile phones is more complex, and the air transmission standards are different. This not only increases the cost, but also brings great inconvenience to the use and management. With the rise of IP telephone and the development of network technology, traditional telephone is evolving to IP. First, the long-distance backbone network began to be IP-based, and then various access networks were used for IP telephone access. Further began to develop a new generation of integrated service network system that integrates the characteristics of traditional telephone intelligent network and Internet. It is the general trend that the internet missing table mode evolves to a unified IP core network. All services, from traditional telephone, mobile communication roaming and new generation integrated services to e-commerce, integrated application services and even interactive TV services, are completed by a unified core IP network. The only difference is the access network, which can be traditional telephone network, wireless dominant telephone access network, cable TV network, local area network access and so on. E-commerce directly connects manufacturers and customers, and realizes advertising, ordering, sales and payment through the network. The new model adopts a new way of commodity distribution, which will have an impact on traditional wholesalers and retailers. E-commerce has changed the way finance and business provide services. It also affects the government's service methods, such as online education, taxation, savings, stock trading, telemedicine, legal consultation and bill payment. Software, e-books and media products can be transmitted and downloaded online, reducing management and transportation costs. Manufacturers of software, e-books and media products are more susceptible to online e-commerce. Whether the network can promote the successful development of efficient broadband services depends on the reform and adjustment of operation mode, forming a new operation mode and building a broadband network ecosystem. Broadband operators will not only provide transmission services, but also provide service platforms in conjunction with content providers (ICP) and application service providers (ASP) to meet the various needs of users. Operators must formulate reasonable value chain policies to attract many companies such as ICP and ASP to form a healthy ecosystem. Only by giving full play to the enthusiasm of all parties can we create a variety of broadband content and application services, form a broadband service market, and step into the track of healthy development of broadband networks. The broadband ecological chain and the niche of service providers are closely related to sensors, controllers and brakes. Through multi-layer protocols and feedback on complex networks, calculation, communication and control can be carried out anytime and anywhere. The result is: automation and seamless integration of everything, efficient and economical operation, and powerful and reliable service. Grid or grid realizes the comprehensive enjoyment of all resources on the Internet or local area network, including computing, storage, communication, software, information and knowledge, and integrates the whole network into a supercomputer. Grid technology and virtual reality technology composed of computers and sensors will be gradually developed and popularized. The combination of grid technology and intelligent software can realize multi-resource kiosks, multi-dimensional information transmission, collaboration of different networks and multi-export cooperation, and will become an important development direction of digital earth, digital city, digital library, digital museum, e-commerce, e-government, distance education, telemedicine, disaster early warning, product design, tourism and scientific research. Current computer technology At present, computers can only describe multidimensional information through numbers, charts or two-dimensional images, but people can't directly perceive multidimensional information through vision, hearing and touch, can't enter the scene and get an immersive feeling, and can't control the operation of the computer through natural language and gestures. The future computer virtual reality technology will allow you to operate and use the computer in a natural and harmonious way, roam in the virtual scene built by the computer and obtain visual, auditory and tactile information at the same time, and perceive multidimensional information intuitively, vividly and vividly. Virtual reality technology forms a three-dimensional image of the design model on the computer through numerical simulation, and can dynamically express the texture of the model with micro-sensors. Wearing special helmets and gloves, you can observe and feel the dynamic process of model movement as if you were there. Virtual reality technology enables human beings to experience and appreciate the events that have happened or have not happened in the world without the limitation of time and space. It can go deep into the macro or micro world that human physiological activities are difficult to reach for research and exploration. The numerical simulation image and the three-dimensional image of the real object are fused in the computer to get the virtual augmented reality image. Virtual reality technology has been widely used in scientific research, product design and manufacturing, military training and accident simulation. After the technology is mature and the price drops, it will enter the departments of medical treatment, tourism, education, scientific research, design and sales on a large scale, providing new methods and means for human beings to understand and transform the world. Virtual product development technology, the revolution of product design and development means, the functional test and application simulation of products in virtual environment, the average development cost is reduced by 30%, and the development cycle is shortened by 40%. Applications include airplanes, automobiles, mechanical and electrical products and new concept weapons ... 1994 An earthquake with a magnitude of 6.8 occurred in Los Angeles, and 23,500 bridges had problems, so the Bay Bridge needed to be rebuilt. The United States used VR technology to evaluate three schemes (elevated highway, single cable support and double cable support), and it took only four weeks to make a decision. In addition, Boeing 777 is designed by VR technology, which saves a lot of time for mold opening and lofting, and the assembly is successful at one time. The joint attack/fighter aircraft under research in the United States saved $3 billion in life cycle cost by using VR, and reduced the average unit price of the F-22 fighter by $7 1.6 million. It can be seen that using VR to model information warfare (C4ISR) makes joint exercises and training feasible and saves a lot of manpower and material resources. Personal augmented reality immersion system will weave solar chips, microprocessors, memory chips, keyboards and wires into clothes in the future. Using wireless earrings, you can listen to news, music and do reminders. With glasses on, you can watch Internet news, send and receive emails and determine your position. The miniature camera can take pictures at any time. Augmented reality can seamlessly combine the virtual scene with the real scene and display it, which helps to compare and make decisions. Artificial intelligence and man-machine interface will be highly developed. In the future, computers will not only have powerful functions of information acquisition, processing, storage and transmission, but also be ubiquitous, able to understand people's language, thoughts and even feelings, and easy to communicate with people, and will become the most effective assistant and companion. For users, obtaining and using information will be as convenient as water and electricity, and a powerful computer is not needed. All kinds of information will be screened by computer service companies according to users' needs, and will be actively provided through wireless networks connected with smart clothes, smart home appliances and smart cars after processing. Information War and Information Security From the American wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, it can be seen that precision guided weapons that make full use of terrain and climate information will play a great role in the wars. Mastering and monopolizing information is of great significance for gaining operational initiative. Therefore, information warfare to protect our information system and destroy the enemy's information system has become the main mode of future war. In the Internet age, the cost of cyber attacks is very low. Only a few computer hackers with high IQ can decipher the password set by the other party. They can connect to the Internet with laptops anywhere in the world, and attack or commit crimes (such as illegally transferring funds) by modifying operating procedures and changing input parameters of selected target computers. Computer viruses created to attack the weak links of computer operating system and application software emerge one after another, which spread faster and more destructively through the network, instantly paralyzing thousands of computers and affecting all aspects of social life. Network information security has become an important issue for the information society to maintain economic development and ensure political and social stability. The rapid development of information technology has brought about social changes. The work organization has changed from professional serial work to teams with different knowledge backgrounds. Concurrent engineering design through network not only pays attention to experiment and experience, but also pays attention to calculation and theory. The design mode has changed from physical simulation to virtual development scenario. Within the enterprise, the vertical level decreases and the horizontal connection increases. All departments take the initiative to participate in the formulation of unified goals and strategies, from fighting independently to focusing on goals to strengthening cooperation, from emphasizing individual ability to exerting team wisdom in production, from emphasizing scale to emphasizing innovation and agile manufacturing. Social changes brought about by the rapid development of information technology. With the rapid development of economic globalization through the Internet, the industrial and product structure needs to be adjusted frequently to adapt to the rapid changes in the world market.

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