The experimental methods and techniques of materials science papers vary with the specific content of the research. Generally speaking, the experimental methods of materials science papers include preparation, characterization and testing. Among them, preparation is the basis of research, characterization is the focus of research, and testing is the end of research. The commonly used experimental techniques in materials science include X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and so on.