I. Overview of Oil and Gas Resources in Siberia
1. West Siberia
Russian oil is mainly stored in western Siberia, accounting for 2/3 of Russia's total oil reserves. The predicted oil reserves are concentrated in the middle reaches of ob river, where there are three major oil regions: Nizhny Vartovsk, Surgut and Sem.
Lower Vartovsk oil region includes Samotolol, Maigian, Wakin, Loko Kosovo, Forrest Gump, Samoilov Ka, BeLauzel Sk and Sosnin Sk oil fields. Among them, Samotolol Oilfield is the largest oilfield in Siberia and the former Soviet Union. The oilfield was discovered in 1965, with an area of 1800 square kilometers, with geological reserves as high as 6 billion tons and recoverable reserves of about 2.6 billion tons. The oilfield is divided into five oil layers with a thickness of 78.5m. The sulfur content of crude oil is 0.75% ~ 0.85%, and the wax content is 1.45% ~ 4.42%. Oil well depth1685 ~ 2230m, 1969 put into production. Wakin Oilfield was discovered in 1963, with a recoverable reserve of 50 million tons. Oilfield * * * is divided into eight oil layers, with a thickness of 18 ~ 34m and an oil well depth of 1690 ~ 2450m, and put into production at 1965. Forrest Gump Oilfield was discovered in 1965. The oilfield is divided into three oil layers, and the oil well depth is 2184 ~ 2280m, and it was put into production at 1973. Slavic oil production companies are located in Maijian, including Maijian Oil and Gas Company and Maijian Oil and Gas Geological Company.
There are Usti-Barek, West Surgut, Liangtorsk and Bestla sub-oilfields in Surgut oil region, among which Usti-Barek oilfield was found in 196 1, with proven reserves of 680 million tons. Oilfield area 142 km2, divided into 14 oil layers, with a thickness of 28.7m.. The sulfur content of crude oil is1.33% ~1.51%,and the wax content is 3.3% ~ 3.6%. The depth of the oilfield is 2000 ~ 2020m, and it was put into production on 1964. West Surgut Oilfield was discovered in 1962, with recoverable reserves of 3180,000 tons. The depth of the oil well is 2000 ~ 2330m, which is divided into six oil layers. The sulfur content of crude oil is 1.53% ~ 1.82%, and the wax content is 3% ~ 3.2%. 1968 put into production.
Sem oilfield is the earliest developed oilfield in western Siberia, including Telyohe Ozernoye oilfield, Ubinsk oilfield and Moldimia-Teterev oilfield.
West Siberia is rich in natural gas reserves. The potential natural gas reserves in western Siberia account for 60% of the whole Russia, and the natural gas reserves of A+B+C 1 account for 70% of the whole Russia. Natural gas is mainly stored in an area of about 620,000 square kilometers in the north of western Siberia. There are Wuliangoi, Youngburg, Medvezhye, Tazovsky, Kruzin Ster Novsk and other gas fields. The quality of natural gas in western Siberia is very good. The methane content in natural gas is above 97%, and the sulfur content is low. The exploitation cost of natural gas is also the lowest in China. For every 1000 cubic meter of natural gas mined here, the cost is 44% lower than that in Caucasus and 34% lower than that in Ural-Volga. Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Region in Tyumen is the main natural gas producing area in western Siberia. The most famous Russian gas fields, such as Lunguly, Youngburg and Medvedev, are located in the autonomous region.
2. Eastern Siberia
The oil and gas resources in East Siberia are mainly located in the south of Siberian platform. The oil reserves of Siberian platform are 654.38+33 million tons, and the natural gas reserves (A+B+C1+C2) are 3.64 trillion cubic meters. The proven degree of oil and natural gas is only 1 1.3%, and the potential reserves are 1 1.83 billion tons respectively.
The oil and gas in the Siberian platform are mainly concentrated in Budchenko-Tohomsk, Yulu, Sobinsk, krasnoyarskiy kray, Vilnje-Jones and Jovikin, Irkutsk, and Taragansk, Chayenginsk, Boto-Obinsk, Yulyus and Joan Gasca in Sakha (Table 3- 1).
Table 3-1Proved oil and gas reserves of main oil and gas fields on Siberian platform in 2000
Source: бг. Saneyev. The premise and possible direction of Russia's energy cooperation in Asia and Northeast Asia. Prospects for Sino-Russian Regional Cooperation in the+0th Century (Proceedings of the International Conference on Sino-Russian Regional Cooperation and Development), 200 1:257.
At present, the focus of Russian resource development has shifted to East Siberia. East Siberia is becoming the hope of Russia's future energy development. According to the report in the 24th issue of Expert magazine in 2005, the oil reserves in East Siberia are as high as 654.38+075 billion tons. Russian Minister of Natural Resources Trutnev called for speeding up the exploration in East Siberia oil region, making a new tender plan for exploration and development in 2005 and opening up new oil sources. The Russian Ministry of Natural Resources also promised to make a geological research and utilization plan for oil and gas resources in East Siberia and the Far East before May 2005. The director of the Russian Geology and Mineral Resources Agency said that in 2005, it is planned to issue more than 40 licenses for oil and gas projects in East Siberia, and another 30 projects will be auctioned again during the year. However, the development conditions of East Siberia oilfield are very bad, and a lot of technology and capital investment are urgently needed. In 2003, Rosneft estimated that East Siberia oil field would reach the peak of capital investment in 2005. Even without considering the cost of pipeline transportation, mining alone will cost $4 billion. Russian oil companies have shown great interest in the underdeveloped oil and gas resources in eastern Siberia. In 2003, Rosneft acquired Anglo-Siberian Oil Company, which owns the development license of Wankel oil field in krasnoyarskiy kray, Russia.
The large-scale development of oil and gas resources in East Siberia will not only fully meet the demand for oil and natural gas in this region, but also export a large amount every year, as shown in Table 3-2 and Table 3-3.
Table 3-2 Prediction unit of oil production prospect of Siberian platform: 10,000 tons
Source: бг. Saneyev. The premise and possible direction of Russia's energy cooperation in Asia and Northeast Asia. Prospects for Sino-Russian Regional Cooperation in the+0th Century (Proceedings of the International Conference on Sino-Russian Regional Cooperation and Development), 200 1:258.
Table 3-3 Prediction unit of natural gas production prospect of Siberian platform: 100 million cubic meters
Source: бг. Saneyev. The premise and possible direction of Russia's energy cooperation in Asia and Northeast Asia. Prospects for Sino-Russian Regional Cooperation in the+0th Century (Proceedings of the International Conference on Sino-Russian Regional Cooperation and Development), 200 1:258.
3. Distribution of oil and gas resources in Siberian States and border areas
Tyumen and Tomsk are the main oil-producing areas in Siberia. In addition, krasnoyarskiy kray, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk and omsk also have a small amount of oil and gas production.
Hante-Mansi Autonomous Region in Tyumen is Russia's largest oil production base, accounting for about 58% of Russia's total oil production. Large oil fields in Lower Vartovsk and Surgut oil regions are located in Hante-Mansi Autonomous Region. At present, there are some difficulties in oil exploitation in Hante-Mansi Autonomous Region. Over the years, the growth rate of proven oil reserves here has been unable to keep up with the mining speed, resulting in a decline in the level of oil reserves protection.
There are several large Russian oil companies in Hante-Mansi Autonomous Region, such as Lukoil Company, Surgut Oil and Gas Company, Slavic Oil Company and Tyumen Oil Company. Yugansk Oil and Gas Company has 28 oil-producing areas in Hante-Mansi Autonomous Region, and East Siberian Oil and Gas Company has two promising oil-producing areas in Krasnoyarsk and Ewenki Autonomous Region. Krasnoyarskiy kray, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Tomsk and Hakkas have long-term cooperation with Yukos Company. Angarsk Petrochemical Company and Achinsk Petroleum Processing Plant, which belong to this company, are responsible for the fuel supply in these areas. In addition, Yukos has a fairly stable position in southern Russia and Altai Territory.
Tomsk region is an important part of western Siberia oilfield. Oil exploration and processing are the pillar industries of this state. The oil and gas industry in Tomsk region also developed with the large-scale development of western Siberian oil fields by the Soviet Union in the 1960s. Tomsk region ranks ninth in oil production (data in 2000) and fifth in natural gas production (data in 2000).
Krasnoyarskiy kray's oil and gas reserves account for about 10% of Russia, ranking second in Russia, second only to TNK. The quality of oil here is higher than that in western Siberia, but the production is small.
The oil and gas exploitation in Irkutsk region is only to meet the demand of the region, with small exploitation scale, low output and crude oil processing enterprises. Located 450 kilometers northeast of Irkutsk, the kovic gold and natural gas field is the largest natural gas producing area in eastern Siberia, with proven reserves of 1.9 trillion cubic meters. 62.4% of covic Gold natural gas field is owned by Tyumen Petroleum Group, and the exploitation right is owned by Luxi Abetroum Company. At present, although the company has obtained the mining right, it can only be used for reprocessing and internal market supply, and has not obtained an export license so far.
Two. Overview of oil and gas resources in the Far East
The Far East covers an area of 6.2 million square kilometers, accounting for 36.4% of the territory of the Russian Federation. The region is rich in natural resources, accounting for 35% of Russia, second only to Siberia, accounting for 40%, far higher than the third-ranked Urals (25%). These include oil and natural gas. There are oil and natural gas resources in all administrative regions of the Far East, with an oil-bearing area of about 6.5438+0.6 million square kilometers, accounting for about 25% of the total area of the region. Macroscopically, it is mainly divided into three major oil and gas areas: ① coastal areas (Bering Sea, Sea of Okhotsk and the northeast adjacent sea of Sakhalin State); (2) Oil and gas areas on the continental shelf near the Arctic Ocean (Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea and Chukchi Sea); ③ Saha (Yakutia) * * and large oil and gas areas in China. The potential reserves of various hydrocarbons in these three major oil and gas distribution areas are 654.38+097 million tons (accounting for 4654.38+0% of the total regional predicted reserves), 654.38+076 million tons (accounting for 38% of the total regional predicted reserves) and 654.38+000 million tons (accounting for 2654.38+0% of the total regional predicted reserves) respectively. The potential total reserves of hydrocarbons such as oil and natural gas in the whole Far East are as high as 47.3 billion tons.
Sakhalin Island is the most important oil-producing area in the Far East, with about 62 oil and gas fields, most of which are small and medium-sized oil and gas fields. At the end of the 20th century, there were 388 million tons of proven oil reserves and 877 billion cubic meters of natural gas on the continental shelf of Sakhalin Island and its adjacent waters, 80% of which were distributed on the continental shelf in the northeast of the state. The prospective reserves of oil and natural gas are 997 million tons and 4 1.57 trillion cubic meters respectively. The geological characteristics of Sakhalin oil and gas field are many oil and gas layers and complex structure. Crude oil from other forests in Saha has a sulfur content of 0.2% ~ 0.3% and a high aromatic hydrocarbon ratio, so it belongs to high-quality oil. But other components are different, not only in different oilfields, but also in different depths of the same oilfield. The gum content in some oilfields is not high, such as 1.6 1% in Necrasov Ka Oilfield and 2.7% in Palomai Oilfield. The resin content in some oilfields is relatively high, such as 17.2% in Oha oilfield. Most of the natural gas in Sakhalin gas area belongs to methane series, with less heavy hydrocarbons, generally no hydrogen sulfide, less nitrogen and more argon and helium. The quality of natural gas is the best in Russia.
The onshore natural gas resources in the Far East are mainly distributed in Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, Lena-Tunguska Basin, Hatanga-Viliuyi Basin, northern Sakhalin State, middle and lower reaches of amur river, Anadal River Basin, northern kamchatka peninsula and Wusuli Mountain.
The Republic of Saha (Yakutia) is the land area with the richest oil and gas resources in the Far East. According to the information released by 200 1 Russia, there are a lot of oil and natural gas in the southwest of Saha. The proven natural gas reserves in industrial development are 2 trillion cubic meters, and the predicted reserves are as high as 654.38+0.6 billion cubic meters. It is predicted that the oil reserves are 29160,000 tons and the condensate gas reserves are 388 million cubic meters. The natural gas in Saha and China is not only rich in reserves, but also of the best quality. There are industrial concentrated solution, ethane, propane and butane fractions, and no harmful impurities, which is conducive to the development of efficient natural gas processing industry.
The exploitation right of Taragan oil and gas field in Sakha Republic (Yakutia) (with oil reserves of 65.438+0.24 billion tons and natural gas reserves of 47 billion cubic meters) is in the hands of Surgut Oil and Gas Company, the fourth largest oil company in Russia. Taragan oil and gas field is one of the largest oil fields in eastern Siberia, with estimated oil and gas reserves exceeding 350 million tons, accounting for 13% of Russian oil production. The crude oil produced by Taragan is exactly what Russia plans to supply to the first phase of the Far East crude oil pipeline project. The company plans to build the Taragan-Upper Joneskaye-Ustikut oil pipeline, which starts from Taragan oil field, connects Joneskaye oil and gas field (with oil reserves exceeding 200 million tons) and ends at Lena oil transmission station in Ustikut city, with a total length of 500 kilometers, a cost of 654.38 billion rubles (about 34.86 million US dollars) and an annual oil transportation capacity of 2.6 million tons. It is initially planned to build a 13 oil transmission station, use railway tankers at Lena Station, and incorporate them into the pipeline trunk system of Russian oil transportation company. The general manager of the company, Bogdan Novo, previously announced that the Taragan-Upper Jones Kaye-Ustikut oil pipeline project will be completed in 2005, started in 2006 and completed in 2008. Three years later, it will be incorporated into the Siberian-Pacific oil pipeline trunk system and connected with the Taishet-Nakhodka pipeline.
The onshore oil and gas exploration in the Far East is uneven, with the focus on Sakhalin Island and sakhalin island countries. Up to now, 2,500 survey wells and exploration wells have been drilled, 90% of which are in Sakhalin Island. In addition, Magadan has 100 and Chukchi Peninsula has 70. More than 30 oil and gas fields have been discovered in Saha and China, and 6 large natural gas fields have also been discovered. The degree of oil and gas exploration in this area is very low, which is 5% and 6.5% respectively according to the analysis of Russian oil and gas experts, while the evaluation figures of western countries are even lower, only 4% and 6%. The proven reserves of oil and natural gas in Sakhalin Island are high, accounting for 46.3% and 28. 1% respectively, followed by Sakhalin Island and China, accounting for 8.7% and 12.8% respectively.
In addition, some small oil and gas fields have been discovered in kamchatka peninsula, Chukchi Autonomous Region and Khabarovsk Krai. Siberian oil company has oil and gas exploration licenses for Chukchi and Bering Sea continental shelf. The company started exploration and drilling in Chukchi in 200 1 year, and invested a total of 2 billion rubles in this area. As the exploration focuses on the offshore continental shelf around Sakhalin Island and onshore oil and gas resources of Sakhalin Island, and a large number of large oil and gas fields have been discovered in these areas, Sakhalin Island and Sakhalin Island are not only large-scale oil and gas resources development, but also hot areas for foreign investment and cooperation.