The first part of the model essay of lathe worker's thesis: "On the doubtful points of lathe worker's positioning analysis"
In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy, other industries in China are also developing rapidly. China's machinery manufacturing industry, in particular, has developed very rapidly. The following mainly introduces the related issues of lathe operator positioning in the machinery manufacturing industry, introduces what lathe operator positioning is and its important role in the machinery manufacturing industry, emphatically analyzes the doubts existing in lathe operator positioning professional technology, and gives an easy-to-understand explanation, hoping to promote the better and faster development of lathe operator positioning in the machinery manufacturing industry.
Machinery manufacturing industry; Lathe positioning; Doubt analysis
With the continuous development of society, people's living standards have been continuously improved, and the improvement of living standards has also increased people's living needs. In order to meet the increasing demand of people at this stage, the most effective way is to speed up the development of machinery manufacturing, and the precision of machinery manufacturing is a major reason for determining the development speed of machinery manufacturing. The technology that can solve the problem of manufacturing accuracy is lathe positioning. From this, it can be concluded that in order to continue the development of society and meet people's growing needs, the first problem we have to solve is the accuracy problem in the machinery manufacturing industry, that is, the related problems of lathe positioning. Here is a brief introduction to the concept, importance and technical doubts of lathe operator positioning.
1. Brief introduction and analysis of lathe operator positioning
Let's first understand what a lathe worker is. In fact, a lathe worker refers to a profession, which refers to a kind of workers who operate lathes to process parts. Lathe positioning refers to fixing the parts to be processed in a proper position on the lathe when processing parts [1]. First of all, we should know that lathe positioning, even if described simply, is not a simple task, especially when the shape of the machined part is irregular, it is even more difficult to locate the machined part effectively. Today's lathes can be divided into two types according to the fixing methods of parts to be processed. One is a four-jaw chuck lathe, which has certain limitations. Three-jaw chuck can only fix parts with less shapes such as circle and triangle. The other is a three-jaw chuck lathe, which is much more flexible than a four-jaw chuck and has a much wider range of applications. Its main function is to fix ellipse, circle, rectangle and all kinds of irregular parts that need to be processed. Therefore, when locating the parts that need to be processed, we must choose a suitable lathe for positioning, so as to achieve better positioning effect and lay a good foundation for subsequent processing.
2. Analysis of the significance of lathe operator positioning.
2. 1 lathe operator positioning ensures the high precision of the products produced.
The positioning of lathe workers plays an important role in the mechanical processing and manufacturing industry, and we will explain it in detail next. For example, as mentioned above, the standard degree of lathe operator positioning is an effective guarantee of machining accuracy. With the development of economy, people's living standard has been improved obviously, and the improvement of living standard makes people demand higher and higher quality of life, which depends on the exquisite degree of the things we use when eating, drinking, living and traveling. For example, the more exquisite the articles we use now, the better. How can we make them more exquisite? It depends on whether the lathe operator's positioning in the processing process is accurate or not. Therefore, we can see that the positioning of lathe workers determines our quality of life to a certain extent, which not only plays a very important role in the mechanical processing and manufacturing industry, but also occupies a very important position in our lives.
2.2 The positioning of lathe operators determines the high efficiency of producing products.
Lathe positioning not only affects the accuracy, but also plays an important role in the production efficiency of products. Let's give an example. If a person needs to do event A on the first day, event B on the second day and event C on the third day, but there is a problem when doing event A, and it will directly affect the processing time of event B, and then affect the processing time of event C, which will directly reduce the work efficiency of this person. Like this example, if we have positioning problems when positioning the first product, then we will not be able to carry out the subsequent processing work smoothly. We need to continue to position this product until the positioning is accurate, and then the next processing work can be carried out. Then this process will directly affect the processing and manufacturing time of the second, third and following series of products, directly slow down the production efficiency of the whole production line, and invisibly increase the production cost and reduce the production cost.
2.3 The positioning of the lathe operator affects the high quality of the products produced.
There is an old saying, what does it say? A thousand miles? This sentence also applies to the positioning of lathe workers. The positioning of lathe operators is a high-precision work, even a small error may cause serious consequences, and even the whole product will be scrapped. Let's give a simple example. For example, we want to manufacture a small hammer, which is composed of a hammer head and a hammer handle. The usual manufacturing method is to manufacture these two parts separately and then assemble them together. Then if we make the hole of the hammer a few millimeters larger or smaller, the hammer and the hammer handle will not be assembled together. Similarly, the hammer handle is the same. If we calculate the size of the hammer handle more or less by a few millimeters when grinding the hammer handle, then the two can not be assembled well. The result is that the products produced are not qualified at all, let alone improve the quality of products. They are simply products with no market value, so how can we meet our life requirements?
3. The lathe operator positioning doubt analysis
3. 1 relationship between degree of freedom analysis and clamping force
In the related reference materials of lathe positioning, the relationship between freedom and clamping force has always been a controversial knowledge point. Different textbooks also give different explanations, which is why the relationship between degree of freedom analysis and clamping force is listed as a major doubt in lathe positioning. But now we have a more accurate explanation. The explanation given in the latest textbook is that the degree of freedom analysis is closely related to the clamping force [2], and the influence of marketing factors in this respect should be fully considered when processing products to avoid unexpected losses.
3.2 What kind of positioning parts do three-jaw chuck and four-jaw chuck belong to?
There is a simple understanding of the three-jaw chuck and the four-jaw chuck. We know that the three-jaw chuck and the four-jaw chuck are actually auxiliary positioning parts on the lathe, and their main functions are the same. By adjusting the distance between the three-jaw chuck and the four-jaw chuck, the product to be processed is tightly fixed on the lathe. It not only determines its positioning, but also ensures the stability of the processed products during processing, and does not swing up and down or left and right with processing, which provides high reliability for processing. In other words, a three-jaw chuck and a four-jaw chuck are positioning parts. However, there are different opinions about which positioning parts are divided into three-jaw chuck and four-jaw chuck. For example, in limiting the degree of freedom, we can see that both three-jaw chuck and four-jaw chuck belong to thrust positioning parts; However, we don't analyze it from the aspect of limiting freedom. Three-jaw chuck and four-jaw chuck have positioning parts, which belong to the category of support and clamping. In other words, we want to know which positioning parts the three-jaw chuck and the four-jaw chuck belong to respectively. The first thing we need to know is which angle we should analyze. Because different chucks are classified from different analysis angles, different analysis angles will make us get different analysis results. Only by knowing the analysis angle can we determine which positioning parts the three-jaw chuck and the four-jaw chuck belong to.
3.3 Update and improve the legend of degrees of freedom
The legend of degree of freedom is a technical term in lathe positioning. In fact, it refers to the range that a product is allowed to adjust the adjustment position of the processed workpiece during the processing and positioning process. As mentioned above, the positioning of lathe operators affects the accuracy, quality and production efficiency of products. It can be seen that in the process of producing products, the positioning of lathe workers is very important, so a very important factor affecting the positioning of lathe workers is the legend of freedom. Therefore, good control is a very important work, which determines the final effect of successful positioning and indirectly affects the precision, quality and efficiency of the products produced.
4. Conclusion
Through a brief introduction to the concept of lathe operator's positioning, this paper expounds the important role of lathe operator's positioning in machining manufacturing industry, and analyzes the doubts existing in lathe operator's positioning in machining manufacturing industry at this stage. So that people can systematically introduce the relevant knowledge of lathe positioning to readers and have a deeper understanding of the important role of lathe positioning in machining and manufacturing technology. At the same time, the doubts about lathe positioning at this stage are listed in an orderly manner, and these doubts are explained respectively. Promote the optimized development of lathe positioning industry. Make lathe workers develop better and faster, and fully meet people's higher life pursuit. [partial]
refer to
[1] Xu Zhaofeng. Turning technology (3rd edition). China Labor Publishing House, 20l0.
[2] Xu Zhaofeng. Turning technology (4th edition). Machinery Industry Press, 20l 1.
The second part of the model essay of lathe technician's thesis: "On the practical teaching of lathe entry"
Abstract: Lathe practice teaching is a core course of machining technology specialty in technical colleges. In order to enable students to master one skill and achieve leap-forward development by studying this course, this paper discusses how to do a good job in the introductory practical teaching of lathe specialty and make students truly become skilled talents.
Keywords:: safe and civilized production lathe operator introductory practice teaching
? Turn? It refers to a metal cutting method that the operator changes the size and shape of the workpiece on the lathe according to the requirements of the pattern by using the rotary motion of the workpiece and the relative cutting motion of the tool to make it a qualified product.
How to make mechanical students without foundation have a skill and develop by leaps and bounds requires practice instructors to start from small aspects, combine the characteristics of the industry, attract students' interest from scratch, and then take the initiative to learn. Based on more than 20 years of teaching development, teaching reform and experience in guiding students' operation, the author talks about some teaching experiences.
First, the analysis of the current situation of students
In recent years, with the deepening of school teaching reform, the equipment and environment of practice field have great influence on the effect of practice teaching. With the development of society and the improvement of living standards, most students have higher and higher requirements for hygiene. Many students will get the impression that the industry is dirty when they see that the venue is untidy and irregular, so they are discouraged and unwilling to study hard. Therefore, when we are familiar with the workshop and lathe for the first time, we must make the workshop bright, spacious and tidy, and make the lathe clean and tidy, so that students can keep their hands clean and tidy when they first come into contact with equipment and empty operating lathes, so that students will not have a messy psychological impact before turning, and at the same time, it will play a very good role in keeping the lathe clean and tidy after students practice in the later period, and develop good hygiene habits.
Second, the correct choice of training programs to stimulate students' interest in learning
Nowadays, students have a wide range of interests, and the development of computers has also facilitated students to understand all kinds of knowledge. You can ask some small questions for students to find answers online and see what kind of products the lathe can process, so that students can find them themselves, and they will have a certain sense of accomplishment after getting the results. Teachers can prepare some small objects that can attract students, such as a small top, a small hammer, a small wax table, a small wine glass and so on. When explaining the origin of machinery industry and what lathe workers can accomplish, let students know that these are products that we can process ourselves after studying. Stimulate students' interest and enthusiasm in learning, so that they want to learn.
Civilized production and safety regulations are teaching links that can not be ignored. You can't just talk about accidents for safety. We should focus on obeying the rules and preventing accidents. In the process of teaching inspection, keep abreast of students' ideological trends. Some students may be afraid, because the accidents mentioned by the teacher in teaching are so scary that we should praise and encourage them more. Especially for girls with long hair, we must emphasize the importance of curly hair and wearing hats when entering the venue, so that students can develop the habit of conscious, civilized and safe production.
The most basic entry for lathe operators is the operation of lathe. Lathe operation is safe and civilized, which can prevent safety accidents. Generally, freshmen can turn off all power supplies one week before entering the factory, and students can perform basic operation of the electrodeless lathe, and students can be grouped. Because lathe operation can't be watched by many people, it is generally advisable to have 2 ~ 3 people as a group. From the handle of the lathe, the hanging speed of the lathe, find the feed from the nameplate table and hang it in place. Let the students practice by themselves first, and the team leader is responsible. Teams can compete to see which team gets the right position first, and then pass one by one. Teachers must praise students who have done well, call on everyone to learn from him, and encourage students who have done well to help students who have not done well and make progress together. The operation of big skateboarding and middle skateboarding is a relatively boring physical activity, and students generally don't want to practice immediately after practice. Therefore, in the practice of this project, the author will generally ask students to carry out collective activities. How many lathes you can use, you can use them all, one for each person, shouting slogans and practicing the same movement together. After several substitutions, students can get some rest. In the middle of this project, you can insert the disassembly and assembly practice of the three-jaw chuck, or you can add the handle practice, so that students can unconsciously complete the skateboard operation practice during the adjustment exercise. In the group exercise, let the students master the method, distinguish the direction of longitudinal feed and transverse feed, and advance and retreat. When students clearly distinguish between vertical and horizontal, forward and backward, they will work in groups. Students can shout slogans at each other to guide each other to analyze and discuss whether there are any mistakes in the operation, so as to improve their proficiency and speed. Let students be proud of the group and cultivate team spirit slowly. When you turn off the power and practice to a certain extent, you can turn on the power and practice again. Group, one lathe for each group. Before starting the power supply, each handle must be in the correct position. After turning on the power supply, pay attention to the use of each operating lever and the start of the skateboard. In the teaching of this project, we must always pay attention to let the group leader start and demonstrate the operation to the team members completely, then stare at the group leader for a trial operation, and then let each group practice freely. Teachers must pay great attention to the situation in the field. Some students feel strange because they are electrified, and may not obey the rules, so teachers need to correct some improper behaviors of students at any time to prevent all accidents.
With the development of society, industrial technology has been greatly improved. Lathe machining has developed into numerical control machining, and turning tools have been equipped with machine-clamped multi-purpose turning tools. Blades can meet the requirements through machine grinding. The development of each enterprise is inconsistent. Many enterprises are still using intelligent welding turning tools, the cost is very low, so students still need a certain foundation in sharpening turning tools. The author generally begins with grinding the blank with the cutting edge, and explains the cutting edge and surface of the turning tool to the students with the grinded turning tool. Using multimedia teaching, the sharpening method and posture of turning tool are shown to students, with emphasis on the position of turning tool on grinding wheel. Enter the grinding wheel room to demonstrate the sharpening of turning tools, so that students can pay attention to the grip of turning tools. Be sure to let the students grind a face, check a face for the teacher, and pay attention to the grinding method at any time. Generally speaking, for the sake of safety, it is best to have no more than 10 students in the grinding wheel room, and let the rest of the students review what they have learned before. When students master the grinding method, we can also read vernier calipers at this stage, laying a certain measurement foundation for low-speed turning in the later period.
Third, from the shallow to the deep, explain in detail, solve problems in details, demonstrate accurately, and improve practical skills.
Whether you can lay a solid foundation for turning depends on turning at a low speed. Students can only practice repeatedly at low speed during the initial operation, and have a certain understanding of the characteristics of lathes. The installation of turning tool and the clamping correction of workpiece are the most basic and the basis of later operation, so the speed must not be too fast in the subject of low-speed turning. If the foundation is laid firmly, the latter will get twice the result with half the effort In this project, students are instructed to complete workpiece correction by rotating the polished rod shaft. If the correction is not in place once, find out the reason and analyze and discuss with the students. In this process, let students know a certain positioning datum, then reduce the size and repeat the operation. At the same time, students learn to use vernier calipers correctly and can measure dimensions correctly. Through repeated practice, students can have a certain understanding of lathes, cutting tools and measurement. In this process, we must encourage students to keep the requirements to a minimum, and encourage students with weak acceptance to help them find out the reasons and correct them.
Introduction to lathe work is the foundation, so we must lay a good foundation in teaching. According to years of teaching experience, the teaching arrangement of lathe introductory practice is 96 hours. When students can use the lathe safely and civilly, sharpen the turning tool and simply process the step shaft workpiece, vernier caliper and micrometer can confirm the correct reading and measure the workpiece within 0.2mm as far as possible, which shows that students have entered the lathe door.
Four, check and evaluate, sum up experience
To teach lathe introductory practice well, we should not only make great efforts in explanation and guidance, but also pay close attention to inspection and assessment. Various items can be assessed during the assessment, such as the selection of turning tools, grinding, installation, workpiece clamping, the use of measuring tools, the operation method and proficiency of lathes, processing time and quality, etc. And then make a comprehensive evaluation of students. Students who fail can make up lessons and give individual counseling to make them meet the standards. This will help teachers to understand students' gymnastics skills and improve the teaching quality in an all-round way.
? Is there a way to teach but not? The above is the author's superficial experience. In a word, the practical teaching of lathe entry plays an important role in the teaching of specialized courses. We should do a good job in practical courses to make them truly standardized, standardized and professional.
References:
[1] Song Quanwen, Xu Jincheng, Feng. Teaching exploration on the initial stage of lathe work practice course [J]. china modern educational equipment, 20 10( 15).
[2] Zhang Biao. On the teaching reform of lathe production practice [J]. Education, 20 1 1(6).
[3] Dong. Hierarchical teaching method of lathe work practice [J]. Occupation, 20 10(2).
[4] Wang. Talking about the experience of lathe training class [J]. Vocational education, 20 12(5).
The third part of the essay on lathe work: "Analysis of the present situation of CNC lathe work"
With the continuous progress of industrialization in China, the demand for CNC lathe workers in China is increasing. However, due to various reasons, the professional quality of CNC lathe workers in China is generally not high at this stage, which limits the further development of related industries in China to some extent. Under this historical condition, the author will analyze the current situation of CNC lathe workers in China, find out the existing problems and put forward corresponding solutions, hoping to help improve the level of CNC lathe workers in China.
Numerical control lathe; Operator; Current status; Related issues; Solution countermeasures
CNC major has strong professionalism and skill, so it requires high quality of CNC lathe operators. Otherwise, CNC lathe operators will not be able to operate the machine well to complete basic operations such as cutting, tool alignment and parts processing, which will greatly affect the quality of CNC machining. Therefore, it is very important to effectively improve the professional skills of CNC lathe operators. In addition, the improvement of the technical level of CNC lathe workers can also effectively reduce the losses caused by operational errors, which is a matter of killing two birds with one stone.
1. Problems of CNC lathe workers in China at present and their causes
The author has always believed that only? Only by knowing what can we know why. So in this part, we will analyze the causes of this problem for CNC lathe workers, so that readers can have a clearer grasp. In addition, knowing the source of the problem, readers will have a deeper understanding of the solution proposed by the author, thus avoiding the limitations of the author's personal views and achieving critical absorption.
1. 1 The professional quality of CNC lathe workers is generally not high.
On the one hand, this is determined by the professionalism of CNC lathe technology. Although CNC lathe technology can use CNC system to complete the whole processing of parts on CNC lathe, and basically realize the whole mechanization, it still needs the relevant staff to have a general grasp of CNC machine tool processing technology and CNC programming technology, otherwise it will be impossible to operate the instrument well and produce parts that meet the requirements, especially some more precise parts. At present, in order to effectively reduce the cost of human resources, some production workshops employ a large number of cheap labor from rural areas. These production workers often do not have some basic cultural literacy, let alone relevant professional skills. To make matters worse, in order to catch up with the progress, some workshops don't even give these workers simple training and take some safety measures, but simply introduce some basic operations for them to put into production, which not only greatly increases the chance of machine damage, but also greatly increases the chance of employees' personal safety being threatened, which eventually leads to unnecessary losses in the production factory.
1.2 The related instruments of CNC lathe are seriously worn.
Because the instruments used by CNC lathe workers are very precise, a little wear may have a great impact on product quality. In addition, the price of CNC machinery is often very expensive, and maintenance or repurchase costs a lot of money for enterprises. Therefore, the serious wear of related instruments of CNC lathe workers can not be ignored. One of the reasons for this phenomenon is that the professional quality of CNC lathe operators is not high, and they cannot operate in strict accordance with relevant rules and procedures during operation, such as mistakes in construction sequence. Secondly, the moral quality of relevant operators is not high, and they can't perform their due duties and do their due work in the construction process, resulting in equipment losses; Third, related maintenance work is not in place. At present, in order to improve the production efficiency, many workshops keep the machinery running, especially when the construction period is tight. The lack of necessary maintenance and overhaul in the later period of use directly leads to more and more serious equipment wear and tear, which greatly dampens the related benefits of the factory.
1.3 The structure of CNC lathe operators is not reasonable enough.
On the one hand, with the adjustment of production projects, the transformation of production methods and the acceleration of product upgrading in some enterprises, the requirements of enterprises for workers' skills and management ability have been greatly improved, but the number of high-tech talents that meet the expectations of enterprises is limited, and hiring high-tech talents will lead to the increase of production costs, which directly leads to the low professional skills and unreasonable talent structure of CNC lathe workers at this stage. Many workshops attach importance to front-line workers and neglect management talents, which directly leads to confusion in production process, and there is no unified and clear regulation on relevant qualification evaluation and salary standard, which greatly limits the improvement of factory production efficiency. In addition, in terms of high-tech talents, because the talent introduction mechanism is not reasonable enough, it is often impossible to take into account all the elements of the whole production process. This phenomenon often happens. There are too many experts in one aspect, that is, enterprises? Keep idle people? Experts, on the other hand, there are no experts in other fields at all, and there is a shortage of experts. This not only consumes a lot of human resources costs, but also can not be solved in time and effectively when encountering related technical problems.
1.4 There is still a gap between CNC lathe technology and foreign advanced technology.
Although China's CNC lathe technology has developed to a certain extent, and the related practical operation has reached a certain level, it is undeniable that there is still a big gap between China's CNC lathe technology and foreign advanced technology. This gap is not only reflected in the relevant operating instruments, such as? Nc machine tool? On the other hand, it is reflected in the professional quality of workers and related technological processes of production. To give a related example, when controlling the machining route and machining allowance, due to the high requirements of CNC lathe turning process, the excess allowance on the blank, especially the allowance containing forged crust, should be arranged on the ordinary lathe when CNC lathe is not widely used. At present, China has done a good job in this regard, but when using CNC lathe technology to program CNC lathes, it often shows insufficient flexibility, resulting in a gap with foreign advanced levels.
2. Problems and solutions of CNC lathe work in China at this stage.
2. 1 Effectively improve the quality of CNC lathe workers.
To improve the quality of CNC lathe operators, we should start from two aspects, one is professional and technical quality, including CNC machine tool processing technology and CNC programming technology, and the other is professional ethics cultivation, so that CNC lathe operators can clearly understand their responsibilities and obligations. Only by doing these two aspects well can we improve the professional and technical quality of CNC lathe workers, thus avoiding unnecessary mechanical losses to a certain extent, effectively ensuring the smooth progress of production processes, avoiding the occurrence of related safety accidents or effectively reducing the frequency of safety accidents, and indirectly improving production efficiency; Improve the professional ethics of CNC lathe workers, make production proceed in an orderly way, and form a better working atmosphere. In order to realize these two aspects, production enterprises can take the following measures: (1) training CNC lathe workers regularly and ensuring the training effect in the form of examinations; Hold relevant expert lectures regularly to broaden workers' technical horizons; Open libraries and expert mailboxes to provide convenient self-study platforms for workers; Hold a series of practical skills competitions to encourage workers to apply what they have learned to concrete practice; Distribute enterprise brochures to let employees clearly understand the production concept of the enterprise; Improve the relevant rules and put the responsibility to individuals; Establish an effective supervision system to ensure the orderly production process. Finally, production enterprises can also improve the enthusiasm of employees by linking the assessment results with individual salary levels.
2.2 reduce the loss of CNC lathe related instruments
This should be combined with the above point. After the professional quality of employees is improved, the operation mistakes will be greatly reduced, so the losses caused by related equipment of CNC lathes will also be reduced. This is only on the one hand, on the other hand, the relevant production enterprises should do a good job in daily maintenance, assign special personnel to carry out relevant maintenance on the machinery, such as smearing lubricating oil on the joints after each use, and regularly cleaning up the dust in the precise parts of the machinery. In addition, the producers of enterprises should also regularly send relevant equipment to professional companies for maintenance to avoid related hidden dangers. Only in this way can we effectively reduce the failure frequency of related instruments of CNC lathe and ensure the smooth production.
2.3 Narrow the gap with foreign advanced level.
First, production enterprises can appropriately introduce foreign advanced instruments according to their own specific conditions to improve production efficiency, but they must do what they can; Secondly, production enterprises can actively improve production technology and methods, thus simplifying the processing process and obtaining higher profits. Under the current conditions, this article is also the mainstream practice.
3. Conclusion
In a word, although CNC lathe workers in China have made some progress, there is still a gap with the advanced level. Under this condition, we can only take active measures to improve the quality of workers from two aspects: professional quality and moral quality, so as to effectively avoid accidents, improve production efficiency, and then increase related production income.
refer to
[1] Wang Runxiao, Mr. Qin. Principle and system of machine tool numerical control [M].Xi 'an: Northwestern Polytechnical University Press, 2000.
Hu Zhanqi, Yang Li. CNC technology of machine tools [M]. Beijing: Machinery Industry Press, 2002.
Zhou Weiping. Mechanical manufacturing technology [M]. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press, 2002.
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