Beijing has a long history. According to archaeological data, primitive humans lived here at least 500 thousand years ago. The specific location is on Gulong Mountain in Zhoukoudian Town, Fangshan District. Gulong Mountain is not high, with an altitude of110m. Geology belongs to limestone. A long time ago (Song Dynasty), local people started quarrying and burning lime here. Sometimes people will find some animal bones in limestone caves and cracks. These fossils are collectively called "keel" as a medicine for blindly treating knife wounds. The name of Longgushan came from this. Similar to Oracle Bone Inscriptions's discovery, Peking man's discovery began with his first attention to the keel. The difference is that this time, the first thing to pay attention to is not China people, but foreigners. 192 1 year, Austrian paleontologist Danschi cooperated with Swedish An Tesheng to excavate the Longgushan site in Zhoukoudian. By 1923, a large number of mammalian fossils have been excavated. Among them, an upper molar of an ancient human was confirmed. The other premolar was confirmed in 1926. After the news was published, it shocked Chinese and foreign academic circles. At that time, China Geological Survey signed an agreement with Peking Union Medical College Hospital and decided to formally excavate Zhoukoudian site on 1927. In the following two years, a large number of ancient vertebrate fossils and ancient human upper, lower and tooth fossils were unearthed in Zhoukoudian. Regarding the naming of these ancient human fossils, Canadian Budasheng, who was then the head of the Department of Anatomy of Peking Union Medical College, proposed to establish a new genus and species of hominids in anthropological classification, with the scientific name "Peking Species of Chinese Apes". American geologist grip put forward, commonly known as "Beijingers". Since then, the term "Beijinger" has been used ever since.

In Shang Dynasty, there were two small fiefs in Beijing: Yan State and Ji State. BC 1045, after the Shang Dynasty was destroyed, it was sealed as, and the descendants of Yao were sealed as. The capital of Yan is Fangshan District. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Ji State ceased to exist, and Ji City was the capital of Yan State, located in Xuanwu District of Beijing today. When Yan Huan was waiting for Hou, he was forced to move the capital to Yicheng by his sheet. In 222 BC, Qin exterminated Yan, established a county in Yan State and ruled Jicheng. At the end of Qin Dynasty, Hanbitsoft established itself as the prince and Ji as the capital. In 206 BC, it was ruled by Chu Yan Wang.