(Qin Feng)

The Millennium is frost.

The so-called Iraqis are on the water side.

Go back and follow, the road is long and its Xiu Yuan Xi (4).

Swim back from there, in the middle of the water

The sorrow of Jiaxu is a thousand years old [6].

The so-called Iraqis are in the water.

Go back and follow, the road is blocked, which is embarrassing.

Swim back from the inside and swim in the water.

The Millennium has not been collected.

The so-called Iraqis are all in the water (Sri Lanka).

Go back and follow, the road is blocked and turn right.

Go upstream from it and swim in the water [13].

Injection and release

(1) This is a poem describing the pursuit of the right person, which shows the poet's deep feelings for meeting the right person. Qin: It refers to the State of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period, so it is located in today's Shaanxi and Gansu areas.

(2) Jian Jia: generally refers to reeds. Cangshan: lush appearance.

③ Iraqi: This person. One side: the other side. Fang: Next.

(4) Surge (Su): Go upstream along the Quhe River. From: the meaning of chasing and seeking. Obstacle: The road is hard to walk.

5. Tour: refers to the DC waterway. Wan: It seems, it seems. It seems to be in the middle of the water, and the words are close.

[6] Sadness: the same as "Wang", lush appearance. (Nikita) (xi): Fuck.

May: Where the water meets the grass, it is the shore.

(E): Rising, rising high, means the road goes higher and higher.

(Pool): A small continent or highland in the water.

⑽ Digging: Many appearances. Already: stop.

⑾ (Si) Water margin.

⑿ Right: twists and turns.

[13] (Chi): Small beach in the water, slightly larger than the beach.

Introduction The editor's paragraph Jia Xu is a folk song of Qin State. It is a love poem written in the mind and feelings of an infatuated person in love, which is very real and touching. "Jiaxu" is a general term for reed and reed, both of which are born near water. "Jian Peijun is pale and the white dew is frost" describes the cool scenery of reeds in an autumn, with broad white dew and thick frost, which secretly reflects the hero's mood at this moment. "The so-called Iraqis are on the water side", Zhu's "Biography of Poetry": "Iraqis are still the same." The hero misses his lover very much. In front of autumn scenery, who was originally silent and had a long talk, she had nothing, but because she was preoccupied, she seemed to see a distant Mr Right on the other side of the water, so she wanted to pursue her in order to get together. "Going back and forth, the road is long and its Xiu Yuan is Xi". The protagonist goes upstream along the riverbank to find the trace of the right person, but there are many obstacles on the road, and it is difficult, tortuous and far away. "Follow it and swim to the middle of the water." Then he swam into the water to find her, but no matter how the protagonist swam, he couldn't reach her. She seems to be in the middle of the water forever, but I can't reach her. These words are about the illusion of the protagonist. There is always a vague figure floating in front of her eyes, as true as false. No matter whether she travels on land or in water, she can't get close to her, as if she were turning around the center of the circle. So he lingered by the water and felt uneasy. This clearly outlines a hazy artistic conception, describes an obsessive mood, and casts a layer of confused and sentimental mood on the whole poem. In the next two chapters, only a few words are changed and sung repeatedly. "No", not dry. The junction of "Mae" aquatic plants is also the shore. "Jump", rise. "Yes", twists and turns. "Gou" and "Zhi" refer to Xiao Zhu in highland and water. Hierarchical structure editing This poem has three overlapping chapters, and each chapter can be divided into four levels:

The first two sentences begin with an autumn color on the river: the morning in late autumn; Autumn water is Vivi, reed is green, dew is Ying Ying, crystal clear as frost. This state is slightly sad in emptiness and loneliness, so it plays a good role in rendering the atmosphere and setting off the artistic conception of the persistent pursuit and elusive love expressed in the poem.

Three or four sentences tell the central image of the poem: the lyric hero strolls by the river and stares at the "Iraqi people" on the other side of the river. This "Iraqi" is the one he misses day and night. "Being on the water side" is isolated from the world, which means to pursue difficulties and produce an unattainable realm. Although the lyric hero yearns for autumn water and pursues it persistently, "Yi" is ethereal and unattainable, so the poem is full of helpless emotions and empty feelings.

The following four sentences are two levels of juxtaposition, describing two different scenes on the water side. "Going back to the shore, the road is long, but it's Xiu Yuan" is a description of the dilemma when chasing against the current: endless difficulties and obstacles, endless journey, and inaccessible signposts. "Swim downstream in the middle of the water" is the illusion of tracing downstream: the journey is smooth everywhere, the Iraqis are always there, but in the end they can't get close. There are both upstream and downstream, and the significance of pursuing and persisting can be seen; Either the dilemma is difficult to reach, or the illusion is difficult to approach. After all, it is impossible, and the deeper the disappointment. At this point, the situation that Iraqis never dreamed of has been concretely and fully demonstrated.

There are three chapters in the whole poem, and only a few words are changed in each chapter, which not only plays the artistic effect of repeating chapters and sentences, chanting repeatedly, singing three times and sighing three times, but also plays the role of constantly promoting poetry. From "The White Dew is Frost" to "The White Dew is Not Wet" and then to "The White Dew is Not Already", this is the passage of time, symbolizing the long-term gaze and pursuit of the lyric hero; From "on the water side" to "on the water side", then to "on the water side", from "in the middle of the water", to "on the water side" and then to "on the water side", this is a change of location and symbolizes the elusive Iraqi people. From "the road is blocked and long" to "the road is blocked and broken" and then to "the road is blocked and right", it is the repeated rendering of the difficulties in the pursuit process that highlights the indomitable spirit of the lyric hero. Repeating chapter by chapter and advancing layer by layer is a common form of folk songs in The Book of Songs. In this passage, if the editor regards the "Iraqi" in the poem as a lover or lover, then the poem shows the melancholy mood of the lyric hero's persistent pursuit of good love. The spirit is precious and the feelings are sincere, but the result is slim and the situation is sad.

But the most valuable and striking thing about this poem is not the pursuit and loss of the lyric hero, but the artistic conception of "being on the water side" created by him, which has universal significance. Good poetry can create artistic conception. Artistic conception is a pattern and a structure, which has the performance of containing all heterogeneous things with similar patterns and structures. The structure of On the Water is: chasing troops-rivers-Iraqis. Because the "Iraqi people" in the poem has no specific reference, and the meaning of the river lies in the barrier, all the pursuits that are difficult to achieve because of being blocked in the world can be isomorphic and resonate here.

From this point of view, we might as well understand the poetry of the novel as a symbol and take On the Water as an artistic paradigm to express all the difficulties in social life. The "Iraqis" here can be talents, friends, lovers, achievements, ideals, prospects, and even blessed land, holy land and heaven; The "river" here can be high mountains and deep valleys, patriarchal clan system and ethics, or any other obstacles that may be encountered in real life. As long as there are pursuits, obstacles and disappointments, it is the world that it reproduces and expresses. In this way, the ancients interpreted "Jiaxu" as persuading people to follow the etiquette, recruiting talents and cherishing talents. Today, people regard it as a love poem, and some even regard it as a ceremony for ancient people to sacrifice to the water god. I'm afraid there is some truth. It seems inappropriate to stick to one and exclude the others, because they are all included in the symbolic meaning of "on the water side"

Naturally, when we are in a situation similar to "on the water side", we should appreciate its keen pursuit, not its pessimistic disappointment. Editor with artistic characteristics: This "Arrow Plate" is one of the best chapters in The Book of Songs. Its main features are embodied in three closely related aspects: the fuzziness of facts, the emptiness of images and the symbolism of the whole.

First of all, the fact is vague.

Generally speaking, the creation of lyric poetry stems from the feeling of specific things, so there are always some real personnel scenes in its artistic conception. But the author of Jiaxu seems to have deliberately blurred all the main events in it. Who is the seeker? What is he after? We don't know; What is the identity of the hunted "Iraqi"? Why is he so hard to catch? We don't know; Even if it is male or female, it is impossible to confirm. In particular, "Iraqis" have no voice, no appearance and no physical appearance. After a while, he was in the upper reaches of the river, the lower reaches of the river, the middle of the water, and the grass by the water. He is erratic and unpredictable, which makes people wonder if he really exists. There is no doubt that the pursuit of people, events and contents becomes illusory and hazy because of the vagueness of the pursuers, especially those who are forced to pursue them. But it is precisely because of this fact that the artistic conception of poetry is so ethereal and symbolic.

Second, the ethereal image

In fact, the scene described in the poem is not a real person, but a psychological image. This psychological image is not the memory of a real thing I have experienced, but a typical psychological situation which is synthesized, condensed and blurred by many similar events and feelings. The biggest feature of this psychological situation is that it is not sticky or greasy, and it is ethereal and rich.

On the Water is the artistic expression of this ethereal psychological situation. Here, due to the vagueness of pursuers and forced people, seemingly real scenic rivers and roads, as well as the upstream and downstream pursuit routes, as well as the "water center" where Iraqis are located, have also become virtual symbolic images. We can't find out when and where they are and what water they have in He Shan. Otherwise, Iraqis are contradictory in the upper and lower reaches of the river, so why even two people don't cross the river becomes a problem. The success of Jia Xu lies in the poet's accurate grasp of people's psychological images, which creates a psychological situation that looks like flowers, making the artistic conception of the poem present as a symbol of integrity.

Third, the overall symbol of artistic conception

The symbol of the poem Jiaxu is not the use of symbolic figures of speech or techniques in a certain word or sentence, but the overall symbol of artistic conception. "Being on the water side" is a common situation in life, so is the dilemma of "going back, it's a long way" and the illusion of "going back, it's natural". People may often be baptized by a complete emotional flow, from the excitement of pursuing, to the troubles of being blocked, and then to the disappointment of being lost, they are often affected by how painful it is to go upstream or how happy it is to go downstream; Readers can think of the situation of love and the experience of arousing love from here, and also think of their ideals, careers, future situations and arouse many life experiences from here. The overall symbol of artistic conception makes Jia Xu really have an inexhaustible philosophy of life. Wang Guowei once compared this poem with Schumann's Dead Hua Lian, "Last night, the west wind withered the green trees, climbed the stairs alone, and looked at the horizon", thinking that it was "restoring the scenery and human feelings", obviously focusing on the symbolic significance of life in its artistic conception.

The vagueness of facts, the emptiness of images and the overall symbol of artistic conception are three aspects of a problem. From the fact to the virtual image, and then to the overall symbol, this is roughly the process of constructing the artistic conception of symbolic poetry.

The three chapters of this poem are all inspired by the desolate autumn scenery on the bank of autumn water. The so-called "white dew is frost", "white dew is sorrow", "white dew is not beautiful" and "the gathering of endless white dew" describe the clear autumn scenery of a water town. In other words, the poet's sad mood is also enhanced by such a cool autumn scenery, and the image is concrete. Wang Fuzhi's "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" said: "Those who care about the current situation are also self-interested and beneficial to others. Although the scene is divided into heart and object. And the scenery gives birth to feelings, feelings give birth to scenery, the touch of sadness and joy, the welcome of honor and disgrace, and mutual collectors. " This poem combines the unique scenery of late autumn with the euphemistic and melancholy lovesickness of the characters, thus rendering the atmosphere of the whole poem and creating an artistic conception full of style and scene. In addition, the poem "Jia Xu" combines the realistic situation with imagination and fantasy, and strengthens the appeal of lyric writing by means of mutual growth of reality and reality, vague and hazy images. "The so-called Iraqi people are beyond the water" is his first illusion. He clearly saw a figure on the other side, but he couldn't go to her side. "Everything is in the middle of the water" is his second illusion. Suddenly, he felt that his beloved appeared on the island surrounded by running water ahead, but he could not swim to her side. That beautiful image is "on the water side" for a while and "in the middle of the water" for a while; One moment on the shore, the other on the highland. It's like being in a fantasy, in a dream, but the protagonist firmly believes that this is true and spares no effort to pursue her. This is a vivid and profound description of an infatuated person's psychopathy and strong feelings for his loved ones. The ambiguity and confusion of this image make the whole poem have a hazy aesthetic feeling and give birth to a charming artistic appeal.