Telecom development is experiencing a rapid transition to the future; The evolution is almost exponential, from analog types to 2g, and finally the latest mobile innovative 3G technology. 3G technology is the latest online communication line, providing advanced voice communication and high-speed data connection, with wireless Internet access, mobile data applications and high multimedia content. 3G mode reflects the real maturity of mobile technology, but why use this word to describe it? To answer this question, we need to investigate the root and process of 3G.

The concept of mobile technology began with simulation. Analog network, or the first generation wireless technology, was introduced in the United States in the mid-1980 s/kloc-0, and this technology has incredible regional characteristics. With the increasing demand of mobile communication, digital 2G appeared in11990s, which made up for the deficiency of 1G system.

The working principles of the second generation mobile system are as follows: TDMA, (IS-54 and IS- 136), GSM and CDMA IS-95 or cdmaOne. GSM, which is used all over the world, is a packet switching technology. Theoretically, the transmission speed is as high as115 kbit/s.. Unfortunately, these technologies are found to be incompatible with each other, and many mobile technicians are incredibly confined to specific regions or countries. They are also mainly made for voice data and slow transmission. The rapid change of users' expectations and communication needs, the need to seek improvement. Solution: Unified digital wireless communication makes it possible to roam around the world with one mobile phone.

3G refers to the third generation wireless technology and network, which was invented in 1999 (Xavier,? ). It is actually a modified concept of the 2G mobile phone system. It is based on the scheme established by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) for a single global wireless standard called International Mobile Telecommunications -2000 (IMT-2000), which is a solution to the defects of the 2G system. System capacity and spectrum efficiency of 2G system are the basic themes of ITU standardization system. The minimum transmission rate is set to 144 kbps in mobile (outdoor) environment and 2 Mbps in fixed (indoor) environment.

(Qualcomm, 200 1). In short, it is an improved wireless technology equipment, which integrates international standards and technologies aimed at improving efficiency output and improving the performance of mobile wireless networks.

Since 3G is actually a convergence, different networks dedicated to standardization can be classified as follows: WCDMA, CDMA2000, UMTS and EDGE. The change relative to standardization cannot be really solved, because there are economic forces or stakeholders interested in specific standards. WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) refers to broadband digital radio communication, multimedia messaging, video streaming and other applications with high capacity requirements on the Internet, and it is the preferred 3G network in Europe, Asia, Japan, the United States and Africa. Converting input data (such as image, video and voice) into narrow-band digital radio signals marked with specific tags is a method of multi-rate network transmission.

CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) is the leading 3g network at present, serving more than 100 million consumers worldwide. It was selected as the industry standard by ITU (International Telecommunication Union) .. CDMA technology is a combination of two network assets: CDMA2000 1X and CDMA2000 1xEV-DO. The capacity and performance of voice and data services of CDMA2000 1X are twice that of previous CDMA systems, and exceed those of TDMA and GSM.

The peak data rate reaches about 153 kbps without interfering with voice capacity. It also provides longer standby time. It is highly compatible with previous CDMA, and it is convenient for mobile technology to upgrade to the present level. CDMA2000 1xEV-DO is an optimized version of cdma2000, with a peak rate of over 2 Mbps and an average output of over 700 kbps. This fast technology is parallel to DSL service, and can support downloading of video streaming data and large byte files. The stipulation of CDMA2000 1xEV-DO is to provide the maximum amount of data (megabytes) at the lowest possible cost.

As the selected technology, CDMA provides the best packet in mobile technology. CDMA is based on the previous CDMA system and improved, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM and OFDMA), advanced control and signal flow, improved interference signal management technology, end-to-end quality of service (QoS) and new antenna technologies, such as MIMO and SDMA.

The advantages of this improved package include the following: (1) leading performance (such as data speed, capacity and delay), (2) spectrum efficiency, (3) advanced mobile service support, (4) IP compatibility, (5) device selection, (6) seamless evolution path and/or; (7) global/network coverage flexibility. Most importantly, it reduces the total cost of ownership (CDMA Development Group, 2007).

UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) is a European mobile phone standard, which was formulated by ETSI. Unlike GSM, UMTS follows the layered protocol of data network. The top layer is the service layer, which is used for distribution and data speed. The centrally located control layer helps upgrade operations and allows dynamic allocation and marking of data to a specific bandwidth. The lowest layer is the connection layer, which can be supported by any transmission technology. Voice traffic will be transmitted through ATM/AAL2 or IP/RTP, so the traffic of signal bandwidth can be prevented (GSM server, 2007).

EDGE (Enhanced Data for Global Evolution) enables GSM to handle 3g telephone services. It promotes the high-speed data transmission of 384 kb/ sec. EDGE adopts TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) frame structure, logical channel and 200 khz carrier bandwidth. The same bandwidth as GSM system supports system compatibility (3G, 2006). System compatibility ensures upgrade efficiency and low cost, which is a problem of most G3 network systems (Lapping, 2006).

3G has a wide range of components, catering to the technical whimsy of technology lovers and businessmen in Europe, Asia, South America and Africa. However, like all new technologies, there are disputes among manufacturers. From the emergence of the idea of 3G to its introduction to the market, the obstacles always seem to be around the corner. As mentioned earlier, there are various 3G networks, which actually lead to licensing differences caused by different terms and conditions of different participants.

The high debts of telecom parties in the past few years may actually pose a threat to the development of 3G. In addition, the problem of operators has not been supported by the state finance. The fees associated with licenses are terrible. The main problem of 3G boils down to money. 3G service is new, so the network coverage is limited. In addition, the cost of technology is very troublesome for ordinary people, and in some countries, the Internet unified rate is very high. The main problem of upgrading technology to 3G is that there are some price problems in the imported advanced technology. Fortunately, most leading mobile phone manufacturers, such as Broadcom, put an end to this whole worrying price tirade and finally managed to produce more 3G technologies, aiming at promoting its global spread and possibly stimulating its economic demand. Broadco m produced the Cellairity chipset (Hyatt, 2007) at an amazing cost of 100 USD. In the long run, this price decision may indicate a good start for consumers to get 3G.

Broadcom may have started to reduce production costs, but will other companies follow suit? 3G is a huge investment risk in the consumer market. The complexity of 3G actually caters to those businessmen who do business with the help of wireless networks. Unfortunately, the turn of events is that businessmen account for only a small part of the global network stage. To make this complex technology truly worldwide, it must be used by most network users and mobile users all over the world. At present, it is strangely confined to those who can really afford it.

On the positive side, the proportion of 3G consumers will not always be the same. Like everything else, demand is changing, and observing the evolution of mobile technology from rural simulation model to the latest 3G type, people can only predict that consumer demand will tend to technological enhancement, and technological enhancement will be more suitable for consumer demand.

More importantly, it needs to change, and the trend of mobile technology may also change. 3G mode is currently transitioning from 3G to 4G.

4G technology: guarantee super satisfaction?

Only time will tell.

refer to

3G。 (2006).3G store. It was retrieved from M on 22nd of 2007 1 1 month and from /wps/portal/subscribers on 22nd of 20071month.

CDMA development group. (2007).3G-CDMA2000。 2007 1 1 retrieved from//articles/evolution_to_3g.php to _ 3g.php.

J hyatt (2007). Broadcom enables 3G mobile phones to use new mobile phones at the price of 2G? Chipset. Retrieved on 1 1 22nd, 2007. com/press/release.php？ id=8 15794。

Lapping，K. (2006)。 Cost and software incompatibility hinder the development of 3G. Ernst & Young Limited retrieved from/global/content.nsf/south _ Africa/06 _ separate _ 05 _ costs _ software _ compatibility _ stymie _ 3g _ growth on 22nd, 2007.

Xavier, P. ). Licensing of third-generation mobile phones. Swinburne University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from the communication on 1 1 22nd, 2007.

Title: Design and Implementation of MMS Portal

Versatt titel/Translation Title: Design and Implementation of av MMS-portalen

abstrakt/sammanfattning/abstrakt/Summary:

At present, the terminals supporting MMS in the market are very complicated to use. There are several steps to create a multi-page multimedia message containing images and text. This prevents users from using it. In order to increase the use of MMS, some companies provide web-based or stand-alone programs that allow users to create and send MMS messages from ordinary computers. However, these editors have many limitations and are not user-friendly.

This paper describes the design and implementation of a user-friendly web-based MMS portal, in which users can create, edit and send MMS messages. The portal is integrated into Densitet's mobile service development system.

It can be concluded from this work that the problem of MMS interoperability is mainly attributed to poor standardization. Different terminals support different types of image and sound formats. In order to make MMS portal user-friendly, the format conversion of uploaded content must be realized. In addition, the MMS portal only supports basic MMS functions.

If the MMS specification includes more audio and image formats, and if the MMS terminal is upgraded to handle these formats, it will be easier to send MMS messages, and mobile messages will continue to grow.

f？ Rfattare/Author: Henrik Adolfsson, Peter Svensson

peter@densitet.com adolfsson.henrik@gmail.com

Handledare/Tutors: Eduardo Ibach, Oscar bengtsson, Dragos Yili.

dragos.ilie@bth.se

There are so many related papers that I really can't write them here. If I'm not satisfied, I'll find them again.