People photography is a kind of photography that takes static or dynamic people as the shooting object, and focuses on depicting their appearance and mental outlook, thus directly expressing the people. All kinds of subjects involving figures and taking figures as the main body belong to the category of figure photography. Such as: portraits, family life, gatherings of relatives and friends, mutual affection between lovers, wedding etiquette, childhood documentaries, campus dynamics, night scenes of the elderly, travel scope, fashion clothes, stage performances, sports activities, workplaces, festivals, local customs, social news, body art, etc. , a wide variety, you can choose anywhere.
Generally speaking, in the field of photography art, besides portrait photography, there are many kinds of photography such as family, children, travel, wedding, sports, stage, social documentary and even human body, which have their own characteristics and are interrelated, and often belong to the series of portrait photography, collectively referred to as portrait photography.
Since the birth of 1839 photography, people have always been the main body of photography, and the key to the success of figure photography is to have both form and spirit. In real life, everyone's appearance and personality characteristics are different, and their mental outlook is ever-changing. A photo of a person, if it captures the expression and emotion of the subject, has a poor appearance, can't stand scrutiny and lacks due artistic expression; On the other hand, if the appearance is similar, but the expression and emotion are not portrayed, then the performance of the characters must be bland and have no lasting appeal.
Therefore, people's photography can not be limited to taking pictures, but should make full use of the advantages and disadvantages of people's appearance according to the theme and highlight the aesthetic feeling, so as to better convey and depict people's mental outlook through their appearance and make people in photos look more beautiful, vivid and energetic than the real subjects. Only by being "similar" can we be vivid.
In order to make people's photography meet the requirements of "both form and spirit", photographers should not only correctly master the camera use technology, but also carefully observe and think about all kinds of people in life on the basis of observing excellent photographic works and learning relevant photographic knowledge, so as to cultivate agile thinking and judgment ability, so that in the practice of people's photography, they can be observant and innovative, seize the opportunity to choose the subject, seize the typical and vivid moment of the subject, and shoot vivid pictures.
Second, what are the shooting methods of figure photography?
The shooting method of figure photography is nothing more than posing, snapping and combining posing. They have their own characteristics and requirements, which are interrelated and cooperate with each other to form an indispensable modeling technology for figure photography.
1, posing
That is to say, in the whole process of photography, the subject is always fully aware that someone is taking pictures of himself, so that the photographer has enough time to complete the shooting after preparing for the shooting and manipulating the subject. Therefore, this shooting method is also called compassion, or it can be called subject omniscient shooting method, which is adopted by portrait photos, group photos, commemorative photos, advertising photos and so on. But in the case of being pushed around, the photographer should try to relax the mind of the subject in order to cooperate with the shooting.
2. pa.
That is to say, in the whole process of the photographer, the photographer directly captures the typical and vivid moments in the character activities without letting the photographer know that someone is taking pictures of himself. So it can also be called the shooting mode that the subject doesn't know. This way of shooting, composition and light consumption may not be satisfactory, but the subject is in an unrestrained state of activity and has a natural manner. But the subject needs rich life experience and keen eyesight. In all kinds of fleeting character activities, he is good at grasping the most typical, perfect and eye-catching moment of the subject and pressing the shutter in time.
3. Combination of swinging and grasping
That is, during the whole photography process, although the subject knows that someone is taking pictures of himself, he does not tell the exact shooting time, so that the subject's attention can still be focused on what he is doing, and the photographer can have a certain time to choose the best angle and light, and after a small range of adjustment and manipulation, press the shutter at an appropriate time. This shooting method combines the advantages of posing and capturing, so that there is a swing in grasping and a grasp in swinging. Therefore, it is also called shake and grab, and it can also be called a shooting mode with a little knowledge of the subject. 3. What kind of camera should I buy to take pictures of people?
Although general cameras can be used for portrait photography, their performance and characteristics are different due to different models and structures. How to choose a camera for photography can usually be considered from three aspects: photography purpose, personal hobby and economic conditions.
1, photography purpose
This refers to the scope of use of the camera. A novice who only takes family photos, personal mementos of the whole body and half body and buys an ordinary small 135 camera can cope; This kind of camera is usually equipped with a standard lens, which can take both black and white portraits and color portraits. Or you can choose a "fool" camera; Small size, simple structure, equipped with flash device, not only convenient to use, but also can take pictures when picked up, without buying a flash separately. If you plan to use a camera to create character art, you can consider buying a single-lens reflective camera; Generally, this kind of camera can change lenses with different focal lengths, and has a high degree of automation, and can take photos of all kinds of people such as the whole body, chest circumference and specific head.
2. Personal hobbies
Every photographer has different hobbies, some like 135 camera and some like 120 camera. These two cameras have their own advantages and characteristics, so it's hard to say which one is good or not. Generally speaking, 135 camera is small and exquisite, easy to carry and use, and the cost of each negative is relatively cheap. 120 camera, with some interchangeable film boxes, can shoot in various formats. At the same time, due to the large format of the negative film, the particles of the photo are delicate and soft, which is easy to make people's faces show rich layering and real texture.
3. Economic situation
In the market, there are many models, different functions and different structures of cameras. Although their basic performance is similar, their prices are quite different. When buying a camera, I must consider whether its price is suitable for my economic conditions. In general, buy a mid-range camera, suitable for all kinds of people's photography. It must be recognized that the quality of a camera is not necessarily related to the quality of a person's photos. Using high-end cameras can't guarantee the quality of every photo; Ordinary cameras can also take high-quality photos of people. The important thing is that you must be familiar with the structure and performance of the camera and master the operation technology skillfully.
4. What kind of lens should people choose for photography?
Although various lenses of the camera can be used for people's photography, strictly speaking, the lenses of people's photography should have the following selectivity:
1, imaging
The lens imaging quality of figure photography should not only be clear, but also have a certain feminine effect. Because people's photography generally focuses on the face, the quality of lens imaging should meet the requirements of rich layers, real texture, exposed details and moist skin.
2. Focal length
Generally, cameras are equipped with standard lenses, that is, the focal length is about the diagonal length of the film frame. This kind of lens is only suitable for people who shoot the whole body or bust. If it is used to shoot busts or close-up portraits, it will often cause perspective deformation of the characters, and if the shooting distance of some lenses is close to the specified recent shooting distance, it will not be able to bring them into clear focus.
Therefore, if you want to take an avatar or close-up figure, you need to use a medium-focus or telephoto lens, and its focal length generally needs to be more than 1-2 times that of the standard lens. Take 135 camera as an example, the focal length of the lens needs to be above 105 meter, so that the distance between the camera and the person can be above10.5 meter, which can make the focus clear. If you take a small group photo indoors, you need to use a short focal length lens (that is, a wide-angle lens) when you encounter insufficient return difference, but it is prone to the defects of people who are near big and far small and slightly deformed on both sides.
3, caliber
When shooting close-ups of busts and headshots, the effective aperture of the lens should be large, so that the subject is clear and the background is slightly blurred, which enhances the perspective of far and near space and highlights the subject. In addition, the effective aperture of the lens is large, so you can still use a faster shutter speed when shooting dynamic people in slightly dim light without flash. 5. What photographic equipment and accessories should a tourist photographer bring?
1, photographic equipment
The photographic equipment that travel photographers have to carry is generally light and suitable. Usually, you can use an ordinary small 135 camera or a "fool" camera to take sightseeing commemorative photos. If you are going to further engage in figure photography, such as shooting some local customs, it is best to bring a 135 single-lens reflex camera with a replaceable lens, and the zoom lens is 28-80 mm, which is convenient to meet the needs of photography and can also reduce the size of the equipment; Alternatively, while using the camera's original standard lens, a 24-28 mm wide-angle lens and an 85- 105 mm medium-focus lens can be configured for selection. If you need to take color and black-and-white photos of people at the same time, it is best to have two bodies, which are filled with color and black-and-white films respectively and used alternately (if you carry a 120 single-lens reflex camera with adjustable back, you only need one camera).
2. Accessories
No matter what camera you bring, the hood and the No.2 yellow filter should match. If possible, it is best to bring all kinds of main filters commonly used in color and black and white photography (including UV mirror, sky mirror, polarizer, etc.). ) and yellow, red and green filters for black and white photography. You can also carry a small electronic flash or a self-made reflector for auxiliary lighting. In order to keep the camera and lens clean at all times, you should bring lens paper and lens brush, and it is better to bring a blowing balloon.
When shooting people in tourism, because you can choose the angle freely by hand, the tripod is not used many times and you don't need to carry it; But it would be better if you could take it with you in case of emergency. In addition, a pocket notebook should be prepared to briefly record the shooting situation, including date, weather, time, occasion, people, aperture used, shutter speed, etc., so as to accumulate relevant data for reference at any time and continuously improve the shooting level.
6. What additional mirrors are commonly used in black and white figure photography?
In black-and-white figure photography, the commonly used additional mirrors in front of the camera lens include two series: changing the color and light properties and changing the imaging and shadow. The former, such as various color filters, sky filters, UV mirrors, sky mirrors, etc. The latter, such as soft lens, vignetting lens and close-up lens, are described as follows:
(1) Change the color and light properties of commonly used additional mirrors.
1, various color filters
This kind of filter is made of colored and optical glass, including yellow, green, red, orange and blue, and is named after various colors. Its function is to prevent or reduce unnecessary colored light and relatively increase the luminous flux of needed colored light, thus changing the color sense of photosensitive film. In black and white figure photography, yellow filter is the most commonly used. For example, in the case of blue sky and white clouds, shooting outdoor people, once used, can absorb part of blue light, make the blue sky on the film less sensitive, make the sky slightly darker, and the white clouds in the photo are obviously prominent; Otherwise the blue sky and white clouds will be mixed. Become a white sky, dull and tasteless. The yellow filter can also enhance the texture level of characters and show delicate and realistic skin color. It also has the characteristics of large light transmission range and low light blocking rate. So if you add a light yellow filter, you only need to open half the aperture. If you add a medium yellow filter, you only need to open one aperture.
2. Sky filter
This is a semi-yellow or light gray, translucent and colorless additional mirror. Because the edge of its colored part becomes colorless and transparent from deep to shallow, it is also called gradient filter. Its function is to adjust the contrast between the sky and the ground. Specifically, the colored part can absorb the purple and blue light of the sky or weaken the brightness of the sky, limit the exposure of the sky part on the film, and make the ground part more exposed on the film. When in use, the colored part should face upwards, and there is no need to increase the exposure. It is more ideal to add a sky filter when shooting people in backlight.
3. Ultraviolet mirror and sky mirror
UV mirrors are mostly colorless and some are yellowish; The celestial mirror is close to colorless or reddish. Their main function is to absorb ultraviolet rays in the atmosphere. Ultraviolet rays have a serious impact on mountain photography and often hinder the clarity of images. After adding UV mirror or sky mirror, the influence of ultraviolet light on the photosensitive plate can be eliminated, and the image clarity can be improved, especially for distant scenery. Because the UV mirror and sky mirror are colorless or close to colorless, there is no need to increase the exposure under any circumstances, and there is no side effect on photography, so they are often added to the lens for protection.
(2) Replace the commonly used additional mirror for imaging and shielding.
1, soft mirror
The function of the soft lens is to partially refract the light passing through the lens, so that the captured image can maintain a certain clarity and the contrast can be softer and more natural. Soft mirror has many structural forms. Generally, circular ripples with different densities are made on transparent glass, or meshes woven with nylon wires or other fibers are made to achieve the purpose of splitting and refracting incident light. After wearing a soft lens, taking close-up photos of women and children can make the images soft and pleasing to the eye.
2. Halo mirror
The external structure of the halo mirror is a round hole in the middle of the glass lens, and the periphery is sandy. Because the middle is hollow, wearing it in front of the camera will not affect the focus of the main image. When shooting a person, you can get normal clarity by arranging the face in the position of a round hole, but the images around the face are hazy and dizzy because of the influence of sand on the lens. When wearing a halo mirror to shoot people, you should use a single-lens reflex camera because the photographer can directly observe the image halo through the viewfinder of the camera.
3. Close-up shot
Close-ups, also known as busts, are convex lenses. After wearing it, the focal length of the lens can be shortened, thus shortening the recent shooting distance, expanding the figure image and making full use of the area of the photosensitive film. There is generally no need to increase the exposure when shooting, but a small aperture should be used to increase the darkness to prevent the four corners of the film from loosening. In photography practice, close-ups are not suitable for close-ups of people, because the photography distance is close and it is easy to produce deformation defects. In addition to the above-mentioned commonly used additional mirrors, there are many additional mirrors with special effects, such as multi-mirror, starlight mirror, medium gray mirror and so on. After joining, the former two can obtain multi-image and different radiation shapes respectively, and the latter can reduce the luminous flux, so I won't go into details here. 7. What additional mirrors are commonly used in color figure photography?
In color figure photography, in order to correctly reproduce the original color of the figure, under the irradiation of light with correct color temperature, only colorless, neutral gray or light-colored additional mirrors are generally used, and it is not appropriate to wear color filters used in black-and-white figure photography in front of the camera. Because the special effect additional mirrors such as UV mirror, sky mirror, soft lens, vignetting mirror and close-up lens are colorless, light-colored or nearly colorless, they are not only used for black-and-white figure photography, but also suitable for color figure photography.
Secondly, in color portrait photography, when the color temperature of the illumination light source does not match the balanced color temperature of the color film, in order to obtain correct color reproduction, it is necessary to add a color temperature conversion filter in front of the lens. Color films are generally divided into sunlight type and illumination type, and most of the color negative films sold in the market are sunlight type. Daylight color film should be shot under the illumination of sunlight or electronic flash with a color temperature of 5400-5600k K. If it is shot under the illumination of tungsten lamp, Leiden 80A blue filter should be added to the color temperature conversion filter series to improve the color temperature and increase the exposure by about two levels. Similarly, light-colored films should be shot under the illumination of a tungsten lamp with a color temperature of 200K K K. If they are shot under the illumination of sunlight or electronic flash, Leiden 85B orange filter in the color temperature conversion filter series should be used to reduce the color temperature, and the exposure should be increased by about two-thirds.
Eight, how to layout figure photography?
According to the requirements of the theme, the layout of figure photography should simplify and exclude everything irrelevant to the theme, and arrange the main characters in the leading position. This dominant position should not be in the center of the picture, because it seems to divide the picture into two halves, which is dull, stiff and lacks artistic expression. Usually, the main characters can be arranged in the aesthetic point of the golden section. The so-called golden section is one of the principles of plastic arts composition, that is, dividing a line segment into two parts, so that the ratio of the larger part to the whole is equal to the ratio of the smaller part to the larger part, and the ratio is 1: 1.6 18. This principle is applied to photographic composition, that is, using this ratio, two straight lines are drawn horizontally and vertically, so that the picture is roughly divided into nine grids, and these four lines are taken.
Generally speaking, these four intersections are recognized as having aesthetic value, and any one of them is an ideal position for arranging the main characters, because this position has both changes, stability and comfort, which meets people's aesthetic requirements. In addition, we should also pay attention to the arrangement of characters and other scenery, which should be clear in priority and dense, and cannot be piled up. Sometimes, in addition to making proper arrangements for the protagonist's position, it is often necessary to cultivate or balance through another role and scene. Photos of dynamic characters, such as toddlers and bicycle races, should leave more blank parts in front of the dynamic characters, so that there can be room to stretch forward, thus conforming to the habit of observing things at ordinary times.
Nine, how to master the picture balance in figure photography?
Balance, a concept in mechanics, is applied to the composition of figure photography, which means that the subject in the picture is in a relatively balanced state, which makes the figure photo have a sense of stability and comfort visually. In order to master the balance of people's photographic pictures, we should generally pay attention to the following aspects:
1, top targets
The head face of figure photography, visually, is heavy and the back of the head is light. Therefore, when shooting a profile image, the image needs to be slightly back, or even there is no space behind the back of the head, so that the space in front of the face is larger than the back of the head. This can not only stretch the line of sight of the face room, but also keep the balance of the picture. But there are also some themes that show the plot of "momentum". The space in front of the face is smaller than the back of the head, which makes the picture feel weightless. This is a specially arranged position according to the needs of the theme.
2. Main aspects
Inequality of the picture structure of figure photography (see "What are the picture structure forms of figure photography? The posture of the subject, such as leaning, leaning or leaning, often leads to a sense of weightlessness and instability. Therefore, the weightless subject can be used as a "cushion" through the subject's shoulders and books, flowers, teacups, fans and other foil related to the theme, so that the weightless subject can play a stable role.
3. Body and foil.
The subject matter of figure photography is set off by scenery. Visually, figures are more important than scenery. Therefore, the space occupied by characters can be arranged smaller, while the space occupied by scenery can be arranged larger, so as to achieve the balance of the picture. For example, shooting a bust of characters writing, in which a large area of characters can be arranged on one side, and correspondingly, objects such as ink bottles or inkstones can be placed on the other side of the table to keep the picture balanced.
4. Dark light and dark army
In people's photographic composition, the visual weight of light and shade is different, generally dark color is the most important and light color is the least. Usually, a small area of dark blocks can be balanced by a large area of gray or bright blocks. If a part is too deep or too shallow, and the weight is not harmonious enough, you can choose a light-colored scene as a "cushion" in the too deep part; You can also choose dark scenes as "cushions" in too bright parts. However, it should be strictly noted that there must be a certain contrast between the deep background and the shallow background, so as to increase or decrease the weight and balance the picture.
5. color.
Different colors have different visual components. Usually, warm colors and bright colors are more important, while cool colors and dim colors are lighter. The law of its balance should also be that the cool color or dark color of the big face corresponds to the warm color or bright color of the small face. For example, around the warm color of a character's face, a larger cool color can be arranged; When taking photos of people with warm colors, we should make the skin color of the face as bright as possible and make the surrounding warm colors darker, which will not only help highlight the main body, but also balance the colors of the picture. I found the above for you. I hope you can use it. I hope you can adopt it.