First, enhance the self-care awareness of mentally retarded children.
In order to make mentally retarded children take care of themselves, it is necessary to let them know the methods of taking care of themselves. Especially as parents of mentally retarded children, they are always bent on giving their children more compensation. They are reluctant to let their children do many things themselves, and they do all the big and small things for their children. In the long run, they will naturally form a wrong understanding: as long as they don't want to do something, their parents will help. For this phenomenon, we must first be good parents, let children do what they have the ability to do, and let children see their own value; Secondly, through different forms, let children realize that they have grown up and should do their own thing. From the day I entered school, I paid attention to cultivating children's sense of self-care, creating a good activity atmosphere for them and stimulating their desire for self-service. When teachers help them to go to the toilet, eat and undress before going to bed, they can consciously remind them to do it themselves and enhance their sense of self-service. We should provide them with independent opportunities and cultivate their awareness of independent living, self-care and independent ability.
Second, repeated reinforcement is an effective way to improve self-care ability.
The neural connections in the cerebral cortex of children with mental retardation are unstable and prone to failure, so strengthening strategies should be adopted to train them. According to the characteristics of mentally retarded children, such as emotional instability, hyperactivity, inattention and quick forgetting, I use the method of life practice to create various scenarios, enrich the content of life and keep training repeatedly. In the process of training, let the children use their brains and hands, and then correct their mistakes while training. In the situational classroom, molds such as beds and quilts can be provided to create the most authentic self-help space for children and carry out activities such as children wearing clothes and socks according to instructions. These activities let children practice every day, and the number of exercises is gradually increasing. Only by actively participating in various life practice activities can children put a lot of experience into practice and effectively improve their self-care ability. Often carry out various self-care games and competitions such as "I am the best" and "I can do it" to further mobilize the enthusiasm of preschool children, improve their self-care ability and enhance their sense of self-service. In addition, our school also carried out "I have learned" and "strive to be a good student" and other related conversation activities. Through mutual discussion, let students fully realize their abilities, let children correctly look at people and things, and form a good habit of doing things by themselves.
Third, respect children's individual differences and improve their self-care ability.
Self-care education should not only pay attention to how to teach the teaching content to children, but also understand the individual differences of these mentally retarded children. Children with mental retardation have different living backgrounds and obstacles, which makes each child show different individual differences in self-care of life. Therefore, the requirements for mentally retarded students at different levels should be different. Pay attention to children's feelings, needs and interests. Respect children's individual differences and attach importance to personalized education. For children at all levels, the requirements are definitely different, and we must teach students in accordance with their aptitude. For children with strong self-service ability, the requirements are higher; For children with poor self-care ability, the required standards should be relatively lowered, and their little progress should be affirmed. We can carry out "helping the weak" activities, such as letting children with strong self-care ability get up after a nap and helping children with weak self-care ability to wear clothes, shoes and fold quilts. Let the children with strong ability experience the pleasure of serving others, and let the children with weak ability sow the consciousness of learning self-service in their hearts, and gradually learn to master the methods of self-care
Fourth, experience success and further improve self-care ability.
In the process of growing up, even the weak "small step" of mentally retarded children should not be ignored by teachers, but should be praised in time to let them feel the joy of success. After children have the initial self-care skills, they should also be actively encouraged to further improve, such as the speed and quality of homework. Rewarding their behavior is to recognize and encourage their behavior, and experiencing success can stimulate the behavior of mentally retarded children. The child buttons himself, but it's not in the right position. First of all, we affirm the child's sense of self-care and praise him: "Really capable, I can button myself." Then correct: "It's just a small button that enters the wrong door. Can you deduct it again? " Let children have a good mood and improve their self-confidence. However, when children are limited by their own abilities and cannot achieve their desired goals, as teachers, they must give encouragement and corresponding guidance. When necessary, it can also help them achieve their expected goals smoothly, so as not to dampen their self-confidence and enterprising spirit. I believe that with the passage of time, their self-care ability will be improved. Successful emotional experience makes children have satisfied and safe emotional experience, which becomes a powerful driving force to motivate them to consciously master their self-service ability; However, when they can't achieve the expected goals due to their own abilities, they must be patient and guide them to avoid showing impatience and affecting their enthusiasm.
Five, close contact with parents, improve children's self-care ability.
Most parents don't understand the theory of education and training, the training is not professional and systematic, they don't know the definition and importance of active communication with their children, they rarely communicate with their children or play games, they have no patience to teach their children some basic self-care skills, and they have never given them encouragement and affirmation. As a result, children often lose many opportunities to exercise in such a family environment, let alone learn to take care of themselves. Therefore, children with mental retardation should continue to practice and consolidate the good habits and life skills they learned in school after returning home. Parents will do all the work because of "love", which will only make them lose their skills. Therefore, parents should actively cooperate with and support the skills these children have learned in school, and give them the same encouragement when they return to China, so that children can develop the habit of doing things independently. Therefore, we must work closely with parents and tell them that in addition to patience, we must also have correct guidance methods. First of all, we should combine the children's own abilities and provide targeted education. Secondly, as long as there is no danger, we can let them do it independently. Don't force, but don't spoil. In addition, parents' education of mentally retarded children should be unified with schools, so as to get twice the result with half the effort. On the basis of mutual cooperation between schools and families, we should also adhere to consistency, that is, let mentally retarded children adhere to this good habit for a long time, and only by doing so for a long time can their practical ability be effectively improved. At present, our school publicizes the importance of cultivating children's self-care ability to parents by establishing home-school contact cards and interviewing parents, and introduces scientific and effective methods and strategies to parents in order to achieve better results and better realize the mutual cooperation and support between schools and families.
In short, the cultivation of self-care ability of preschool children with mental retardation is not effective after one or two educations, but a long and systematic process. As long as he can do it himself and is willing to do it himself, we will give him the opportunity to exercise, and on this basis, we will teach by example, supplemented by patience and meticulousness. Only in this way can it become a reality to cultivate children's strong self-care ability. As a member of the special education industry, we should be crutches for children with mental retardation, so that their stumbling steps will become lighter and their hearts will bloom with gorgeous flowers.