Summary of Chinese knowledge points in the second volume of the eighth grade
first part
Two language types: spoken and written.
Two ways of argumentation: argumentation and refutation.
Two explanatory languages: plain and vivid.
There are two types of expositions: expositions about things and expositions about things.
Two kinds of environmental descriptions: the description of natural environment-contrast the emotions of characters and render the atmosphere.
Description of social environment-explain the background of the times.
Two types of argumentation: factual argumentation and rational argumentation.
the second part
Three senses. Color: positive, negative and neutral.
Three elements of the novel: the characters (the main characters are determined according to whether they can express the theme of the novel) and the plot (the beginning/development/. /end) and environment (natural environment/social environment. )
Three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argumentation.
Argumentative essay consists of three parts: asking questions (introduction), analyzing questions (thesis) and solving problems (conclusion).
Three orders of interpretation: chronological order, spatial order and logical order.
Three principles of language use: conciseness, coherence and appropriateness.
the third part
Four literary genres: novel, poetry, drama and prose.
Four argumentation methods: example argumentation, truth argumentation, metaphor argumentation and contrast argumentation.
Four usages of sentences: declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences.
The plot of this novel consists of four parts: beginning, development and ending.
Four narrative sequences: direct narrative, flashback, insertion and supplementary narrative.
Four uses of quotation marks: ① quotation; (2) to express irony or negation.
(3) table specific title (4) table emphasizes or highlights.
part four
Five ways of expression: narration, description, explanation, lyricism and discussion.
Five uses of dashes: ① annotation, ② interpolation, ③ interruption of sound, ④ change of topic, and ⑤ progressive expression of meaning.
The fifth part
Six interpretation methods: example, analogy, comparison, number of columns, classification and definition.
Six logical sequences: ① the whole → the phenomenon → the essence → the cause → the result → the generality → the specific part → the whole → the main → the secondary.
Six elements of narrative: time, place, people, cause, process and result of events.
Six methods of character description: portrait description, language description, action description, psychological description, detail description and expression description.
Six kinds of ill sentences: ① Incomplete components; ② Improper collocation; ③ Improper use of related words; 4 inconsistent; ⑤ Improper word order; ⑤ Misuse and abuse of function words (prepositions).
Six usages of ellipsis: ① Omit the table contents; ② Intermittent predication; (3) the table is incomplete because of grabbing the vernacular; 4 emotional contradictions; 5 thinking jump; ⑤ Thinking in progress.
Six common writing skills: symbol, contrast, setting off (paving the way), caring (echoing), direct (indirect) description, promotion and inhibition.
Knowledge points of Chinese units in the first volume of the second day of the People's Education Edition
the Three Gorges
First, keywords
1. Add some words below.
Que Qusu X and Xiang xiāng Ling Turbulent tuān
Y: n: Shu shù belongs to ZH, which leads to sadness.
2. Explain the words added below.
(1) water chestnut. Item: Go up.
(2) Blocking along the back. Down: Down the river. Back: Upstream.
(3) Although riding against the wind, you will not be sick. Ben: A galloping horse. Sick: Quick.
(4) The green pool is surging. Turbulence: fast-moving water.
(5) Rong Qing Army Hair, which is very fun. Liang: Actually.
This is a strange phenomenon. Genus: connection. Introduction: Extension.
(7) Long mourning period. Absolutely; Disappear, stop.
(8) Hanging springs and waterfalls, flying in between. Shu Fei: The current is fast.
Second, memorize the knowledge list of key sentences.
1. Fill in the blanks with the original text.
(1) The sentence about the towering mountains of the Three Gorges is that there are no gaps between the two banks. Rocks piled up, blocking the sunshine in the sky, and there was no sunrise since midnight.
(2) Write the sentence that the Three Gorges has a big water potential and a fast current in summer. It is that the summer water is flowing and blocking along the back. Although you walk against the wind, you are not ill.
(3) The fisherman's song used to render the sad atmosphere of the Three Gorges is: "The Three Gorges in Badong are long, and the apes cry three times."
Cuddle: the words "lack", "Xi" and "want" are easy to be misspelled.
2. Translate the following sentences into modern Chinese.
(1) flies in the middle of the night without sunrise.
If it's not noon or midnight, you can't see the sun and the moon. Hugging: Focus on understanding words such as "self-denial", "pavilion noon" and "night equinox".
(2) Surging green pool, clear reflection.
The white rapids are spinning, and the green pools reflect the shadows of all kinds of scenery.
Hugging: focus on understanding words such as "Su Chongchao" and "Hui Qing".
(3) Rong Qing Army Hair, which is very fun.
Clear water, brilliant trees, high mountains and lush grass are really interesting. Cuddle: focus on understanding the words such as "love", "honor", "jun" and "Mao".
(4) There are often high apes whistling, which leads to sorrow, and the valley echoes, and the sorrow turns to leisurely.
I often hear the cries of apes from high places, which are extremely harsh and endless. (The cry) echoed in the empty valley, sad and sad for a long time.
Cuddle: focus on understanding the words "genus", "quotation" and "absolute".
Third, paragraph recitation knowledge list
Write down the contents describing the scenery of the four seasons in the Three Gorges.
As for launching Xiangling, it is along the back block. Or the king ordered an emergency notice, sometimes going to Baidicheng and going to Jiangling at dusk. During this period, although he took the wind, he didn't get sick.
In spring and summer, the green pool is surging and the reflection is clear. There are many strange cypresses, hanging springs and waterfalls, waterfalls. In the meantime, it is clear, radiant and very interesting.
At the beginning of every sunny day, the frost shines, the forest is cold and sad, and there are often high apes whistling, which leads to sadness, the empty valley echoes, and the sadness turns to leisurely. So the fisherman sang: "The Wuxia Gorge in the Three Gorges of Badong is long, and the apes cry three times, and tears are spilled on their skirts."
Hugging: These three paragraphs describe the scenery of the Three Gorges in summer, spring, winter and autumn respectively.
Fourth, literature (style) common sense recitation knowledge list
"Three Gorges" is selected from the Water Classic Annotation (title) written by Li Daoyuan, a geographer in the Northern Wei Dynasty.
Methods and skills of reviewing Chinese in junior two.
First, the basic knowledge of junior high school Chinese-language sense and language sense, compare more.
This piece includes pronunciation, font, words, punctuation, and sentence analysis. The basic principle of doing this problem is to have a sense of faith and compare more. Secondly, we must overcome the habit of rushing to choose the answer before reading the complete question, because there is no absolute right or wrong in Chinese questions.
Second, scientific and technological reading-grasping information will compare.
Scientific and technological articles do not lie in our mastery of these knowledge, nor in how much we know about these contents. It examines our language ability-the ability to filter information. Therefore, it is necessary to read the article quickly, understand the meaning of the article and the author's writing ideas, and return every option to the article when doing the problem, and carefully compare it with the original text.
Third, reading comprehension of classical Chinese-linking the text with the context.
Content words and function words in classical Chinese must have appeared in textbooks, and the significance and usage of investigation must also be commonly used. Therefore, the usual review should focus on reviewing the classical Chinese in the textbook, and we should also contact the textbook to make judgments when doing the questions. Secondly, classical Chinese generally examines biographical articles, which are strong in story, and can infer the meaning and usage of words according to the context of the articles.
Fourth, the translation of classical Chinese in junior high school-literal translation of sentences, word for word.
The principle of classical Chinese translation is "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance", in which "faithfulness" means being faithful to the original text, that is, literal translation; And "Da" means fluent and grammatical. Therefore, the most basic principle of translating classical Chinese is that "every word has its place", and the translation word by word should not only look at the general idea.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) poetry-applying terms and analyzing poetry
We have learned a lot about the terminology of poetry, the basic mode of poetry topic selection, the ideas and methods of doing the topic, the basic classification of poetry and the emotions and themes of each kind of poetry. What we need to remember now is that after understanding the categories and requirements of poetry, we should apply terminology first and then analyze poetry.
Sixth, modern text reading-clear the main idea of the article, optimistic about the requirements of the topic.
The most important way to read modern literature is to read the topic first, and then put it into the article. To get an article, we should first read it quickly, make clear the purpose of the author's writing this article and the author's feelings about the content, and then look at the topic. It should be said that the topics of modern text reading are basically closely related to the theme of the article. Therefore, when answering questions, we should also stick to the main idea of the article.
Seven, language expression-to implement the requirements of the stem.
The language expression of the sixth question is a topic that changes year by year, and it is also a topic that can better examine students' Chinese literacy, and of course it is also a topic that is easy to get points. Don't panic when you meet new problems. Such questions always give clear requirements. We just need to realize these requirements one by one and try to make the language beautiful and reasonable.
Eight, composition-stick to the topic and refuse to hurt.
No matter what style of article you write, you should come straight to the point, make clear the main idea of the article, and always reflect the main idea of the article in the article, not subtle or mysterious. In addition, the composition must not be badly hurt.
Related articles on the induction of eighth grade Chinese knowledge points published by the Ministry of Education;
★ Eight Grade Chinese Department Edition Unit Knowledge Points
★ Complete works of knowledge points in the second volume of eighth grade Chinese.
★ Catalogue compiled by Chinese Knowledge Department in the second volume of Grade 8
★ The second volume of the eighth grade Chinese knowledge points edition
★ Unit 3 Knowledge Points, Learning Methods and Skills of Grade 8 Chinese Volume I
★ The Department compiles the second volume of Grade 8, and arranges the knowledge points in Lesson 8.
★ Chinese, literature common sense and memory methods in the first volume of the eighth grade.
★ Unit 1 Knowledge Points and Learning Methods of Grade 8 Chinese
★ Guidance on Chinese learning methods in Grade 8
★ Unit 6 Knowledge Points of Grade 8 Chinese Volume I