In these eight categories, yin and yang are the reflection of disease types, exterior and interior are the reflection of disease depth, cold and heat are the reflection of disease nature, and excess and deficiency reflect the rise and fall of evil. Specifically, the contents of the eight basic dialectics are as follows:
(1) exterior-interior syndrome differentiation
Exterior-interior is a relative concept, which reflects the depth of the disease and the inside and outside of the disease site. Exterior syndrome mainly refers to shallow and light diseases, while interior syndrome mainly refers to deep and heavy diseases.
Exterior syndrome refers to some syndromes caused by the invasion of six evils through nose, mouth and fur, which often occurs in the primary stage of exogenous diseases and is characterized by acute onset and short course of disease. Its clinical manifestations are fever, aversion to cold, floating pulse, head and body pain, stuffy nose, cough, runny nose, sore throat and so on.
Interior syndrome refers to some syndromes introduced by diseases penetrating into viscera, bone marrow and qi and blood due to the incomprehensibility of exterior syndrome, which mostly occur in the middle and late stages of some exogenous diseases or some internal injuries. The course of internal syndrome is generally longer. The clinical manifestations are constipation, diarrhea, irritability, dizziness and heavy pulse.
Syndrome differentiation from exterior to interior. The distinction between exterior syndrome and interior syndrome is generally obtained by observing the changes of cold and heat, pulse condition and tongue condition of diseases. Specifically, floating pulse is mostly exterior syndrome, while sinking pulse is mostly interior syndrome; Fever and aversion to cold are mostly exterior syndrome, while fever and aversion to cold are mostly interior syndrome; The exterior syndrome is the less change of tongue coating, and the interior syndrome is the more change of tongue coating.
(2) the distinction between reality and falsehood
Virtual reality is a pair of concepts that reflect the rise and fall of evil spirits. Empirical evidence means that the pathogenic factors are rich and suitable for attack; Deficiency syndrome refers to the deficiency of vital qi, which needs to be supplemented.
Deficiency syndrome refers to some syndromes caused by the deficiency of healthy qi in human body, including the damage of viscera, yin and yang and essence and blood to varying degrees. The clinical manifestations are pallor, fatigue, palpitation, shortness of breath, frequent or uncontrollable urination, listlessness, night sweats and so on.
Excess syndrome refers to some syndromes caused by excessive pathogenic factors in the body, which are caused by the invasion of pathogenic factors into the body or the dysfunction of viscera. The clinical manifestations are heavy breathing, chest tightness, irritability, dysuria, constipation, abdominal pain, thick and greasy tongue coating and so on.
Differentiation of deficiency and excess. Generally speaking, the distinction between deficiency syndrome and excess syndrome has the following rules: the symptoms such as strong body, old tongue, early and middle exogenous diseases, thick voice and gas, strong pulse and refusal to press the painful part are mostly excess syndrome; Symptoms such as physical weakness, tender tongue, late exogenous disease, low voice and timidity, weak pulse and pressing pain points are deficiency syndromes.
Generally speaking, the abdomen is swollen and painful, but it does not swell when it swells, or it reduces the pain according to it, so the pulse string cannot be true or false. However, although I don't want to eat it, I can eat it. Abdominal pain, aggravated pain and strong pulse are mostly true and false.
(3) Syndrome Differentiation of Yin and Yang
Yin and yang are the general outline of the eight classes. Yin syndrome includes deficiency, interior and cold, while Yang syndrome includes excess, exterior and heat.
Yin syndrome mainly refers to deficiency-cold syndrome, and its clinical manifestations are mental fatigue, mental fatigue, dull complexion, chills in limbs, pale mouth, thirst, loose stool and so on. Yang syndrome mainly refers to excess heat syndrome, and its clinical manifestations are restlessness, constipation, fever, shortness of breath, short and red urine and so on.
Yin and Yang Can are damaged, resulting in yin deficiency or yang deficiency. The clinical manifestations of yin deficiency are hot flashes, night sweats, emaciation, low fever, five restlessness and rapid pulse. Yang deficiency is manifested as mental fatigue, pale mouth and thirst, qi deficiency and laziness in speaking, and chills in limbs.
The development of yin deficiency or yang deficiency to a certain extent will lead to the death of yin or yang, which refers to the excessive loss of yang or yin in the body and the decline of life. Yin deficiency is characterized by warm hands and feet, sticky sweat, burning skin and rapid pulse. Yang death is characterized by sweating, cold sweat, unconsciousness and chills.
(4) syndrome differentiation of cold and heat
Cold and heat indicate the nature of the disease. Generally speaking, yang is heat syndrome and yin is cold syndrome.
The disease of cold syndrome is cold, which is generally accompanied by the decline of visceral function. The clinical manifestations are pale face, loose stool, aversion to cold and warmth, and cold limbs. Heat syndrome belongs to heat, generally accompanied by hyperactivity of zang-fu organs, characterized by short and red urine, red face and red ears, restlessness, aversion to heat and cold, etc.
Differentiation of cold syndrome and heat syndrome. The manifestations of cold syndrome and heat syndrome are different, such as aversion to cold and preference for heat, pale mouth and thirst, white face and cold limbs. Hate heat and cold, thirst and cold drinks, red face and warm limbs are mostly collected by the medical education network of heat syndrome.
The manifestations of cold-heat syndrome sometimes have some illusions, which are difficult to distinguish. We must observe them carefully. Generally speaking, symptoms such as thirst but liking hot drinks, body heat but liking to cover clothes and quilts, blushing but occasionally appearing, and weak pulse belong to real winter vacation fever; Cold pulse in hands and feet, cold limbs without aversion to cold, heavy and strong pulse, thirst and preference for cold drinks belong to true heat and false cold.