Thesis refers to the research papers submitted by doctoral degree applicants to obtain a degree. It is the most important or all basis for degree-conferring units to evaluate and decide whether to award doctoral degrees.

It is generally required that papers have innovative achievements and pass public debate. China stipulated that the paper should show that the author has the ability to engage in scientific research independently and achieve creative results in science or special technology. The doctoral thesis or abstract should be sent to the relevant units 3 months before the defense and reviewed by peers.

The degree-conferring unit shall invite 2 relevant experts to review and write academic comments, and organize the defense committee to defend. Those who pass will be awarded a doctorate by the degree-granting unit academic degree evaluation committee. The defense must be conducted after the applicant has passed the doctoral degree course examination and passed the examination. If the defense fails, with the consent of the defense Committee, the paper can be revised and re-defended within 2 years.

Degree level:

In China, degrees are divided into three grades: bachelor, master and doctor. A master's degree is a graduate student between a bachelor's degree and a doctor's degree. A master's degree usually symbolizes a basic independent thinking ability. Postgraduates from institutions of higher learning and scientific research institutions, or those who have graduated with equivalent academic qualifications, passed the master's degree course examination and thesis defense, and reached the above academic level, are awarded master's degrees.