1
The State Council issued the Strategic Action Plan for Energy Development (20 14-2020) in June 1965. According to the plan, energy is an important driving force for the modernization of China. At present, China's government policies strongly support the development of gas industry, and gas engineering has developed rapidly. Project implementation control, especially time limit control, has attracted people's attention. Therefore, how to manage and control gas engineering projects scientifically, reasonably and effectively, and improve the completion efficiency, is the challenge faced by the current gas industry and project management and control workers.
2 Overview of gas engineering projects
As long as the gas pipeline and its ancillary facilities are implemented to promote social and economic development and meet the daily production and living needs of local residents, they can all be called gas projects [1]. Its characteristics are as follows:
1) The construction period is difficult to control. The site construction technology is more difficult, the division of labor is more and more specialized, and the acceptance standard is high, which brings challenges to the realization of the construction period.
2) Limitation of construction efficiency. There are many gas engineering sites, the construction team is scattered and the efficiency is not high.
3) The influencing factors are changeable. The gas engineering project is specialized and refined, which requires many kinds of materials and equipment and many coordination relationships. Pipeline welding is easily affected by the weather, and the construction coordination of each process is easy to be confused. Whether owners or contractors, reasonable progress control and management of gas engineering projects are the guarantee for them to obtain good economic benefits.
3 Analysis of the problems existing in the progress control of gas engineering projects
This paper investigates the managers, directors and employees of gas companies through questionnaires, and collects various problems, which are summarized as follows:
1) Owner's factors: there are mainly problems such as change of use requirements, inadequate coordination, inadequate payment of progress payment, and untimely submission of basic data.
2) Survey and design factors: mainly including inaccurate survey and measurement, long design time and defective quality. The degree of handover and connection of design institute staff will also restrict the design progress.
3) Organizational coordination factors: The main problems are unreasonable internal organization, insufficient leadership, backward control means and external coordination.
4) Material supply factors: there are mainly problems such as lack of information sharing mechanism, insufficient material reserve, insufficient inspection by manufacturers, insufficient monitoring and slow response to changes.
5) Financial factors: the delayed payment of project funds will not only affect the supply of materials, but also indirectly lead to the reduction of work efficiency.
6) Construction factor: The most direct constraint factor to realize the construction period of gas project is construction. The main problems are insufficient construction preparation, insufficient construction strength, low technical level and poor planning, which will affect the realization of the original planned target time limit for a project.
7) Environmental factors: The gas project does not exist alone, and its construction is inseparable from nature, politics and society, which are inevitable factors that affect the project progress and are difficult to control.
Research on schedule control of gas engineering project based on process improvement
4. 1 Introduction to development process
The following is the general development process of industrial and commercial customers at present, with the marketing department of gas enterprises as the main line, combing the project implementation process. CEA stands for cost budget, TCIS stands for customer management system and TMS stands for engineering module management system. Brief introduction of development process:
1) When the customer submits the application, the personnel of the marketing department conduct a preliminary survey on site to determine the design parameters.
2) After the customer submits the application and confirms it, the salesman of the marketing department inquires about the measurement scheme from the quality assurance department, and the director of the marketing department organizes engineers, designers, salesmen and construction teams to conduct on-site inspection.
3) The design institute will draw a sketch on the spot and produce the main materials. After the scheme is determined, the marketing department will issue the project budget on the spot.
4) The design institute will issue the design white drawing as soon as possible, and only need the signature of the design director.
5) Sign the construction contract and gas supply contract, and collect the money. After receiving the payment, enter TMS according to the design white map, order materials and prepare CEA.
6) After being confirmed by the marketing department and the engineering department, the builder will pass the design drawings to the construction team and specify the completion time.
7) After the construction of the project is completed, the marketing department will hand over the ignition list to the maintenance department, and the maintenance department will start the ignition after confirming the completion of the project. The development process of general industrial and commercial customers is easy to delay the progress. In order to learn lessons and improve efficiency, the workflow was improved.
4.2 Gas Engineering Project Based on Process Improvement
Learn the excellent examples of gas engineering projects, especially improve the process, improve efficiency and shorten the installation period. Key measures to improve process details:
1) The salary of department personnel is determined according to the workload and responsibilities.
2) The builder of the engineering department is responsible for quality and safety, and at the same time, he implements dicing management for the builder and organizes on-site investigation.
3) The marketing department is responsible for distributing and delivering white drawings to the construction team, and the person in charge of the engineering department will confirm them.
4) Arrange two designers to be responsible for the design work respectively, and adjust the income according to the average salary of the department.
5) In addition to the voltage regulator, prepare a certain amount of materials needed for construction; The purchasing department shortens the order cycle of commonly used materials and compresses them within 3d.
6) The audit department shall prepare the comprehensive unit price of the main materials of the project as the basis of the project budget. The marketing department authorizes the on-site salesman to determine the price on the spot; On-site confirmation sheet should not be limited to design sketch, project budget and other elements.
7) After the customer signs the contract and pays the fee, the budget details and contract approval in TMS can be sent to the department manager to start the construction, and then other levels of approval procedures can be carried out.
8) After receiving the ignition instruction 1d, the maintenance department shall arrange a special person to be responsible for the ignition as soon as possible. After the process is improved, the declaration period can be greatly shortened.
In addition, based on process improvement, most of the problems of schedule delay are solved from a macro perspective. In view of other problems of the project, the process work details of various departments are discussed, and the following measures are put forward:
(1) Owner: The most important thing is to pay the funds in time, provide accurate project data, and supervise the formalities and other related matters.
(2) Design: In order to reduce changes, the design scheme is determined on site; Designate a person to be responsible for the design work, and adjust the income in time to make it linked to the work progress and quality.
(3) Organization and coordination: Process improvement indirectly integrates the relationship among companies, companies and design institutes. Hold a study meeting within the company to rebuild the organizational structure.
(4) Funds: In addition to the timely check and payment of project funds by the owner, the accounting department should also do a good job in registration and accounting to ensure that the context of each fund is clear.
(5) Material supply: prepare materials to shorten the order cycle.
(6) Construction: preparation before construction; Carry out study and training activities to improve professional construction technology; Adopt incentive policies to improve workers' enthusiasm for construction.
4.3 Progress control system of gas engineering project based on process improvement
The progress control system of gas engineering project mainly includes customer identification, implementation results, project environment, development process, progress control of various departments, overall progress control system and information management system. Among them, the customer is determined as the starting point of the gas project; The implementation results are semi-finished products or finished products that meet customer requirements; Project environment refers to the natural and economic environment in which the project is located; The information management system collects the progress information, compares it with the planned target, and feeds back the results to the general progress control system. After receiving the master control system, adjust and optimize the management processes and related activities of various departments to control them within the planned objectives [2]. The progress control system based on the improvement of the whole project process is to comprehensively optimize its planning, implementation and control.
4.4 Progress control method of gas engineering project based on process improvement
In this paper, a control chart is proposed to monitor the progress control results of gas engineering projects. The control chart should be able to show the actual situation of the control results. If the monitoring value changes slightly around the average value u and does not exceed the upper and lower control limits, it means that the implementation is normal. Normal operation can be maintained at this time. If it exceeds a certain range, it means that the change is abnormal, indicating that the implementation activities have been affected by some unfavorable factors and should be corrected or eliminated in time. The drawing and representation of the control chart requires the relevant personnel of the enterprise to set the upper control limit (UCL) and the lower control limit (LCL) respectively to form the control interval.
There are two related factors in the compilation of this interval, namely, the normal change of progress (measured by standard deviation σ) and the strictness of project progress control (represented by the letter Z), and CL is the center line. The formula is expressed as:
5 gas engineering project schedule control guarantee mechanism
5. 1 Organization and personnel support
In order to realize the total construction period, all contractors should attach importance to the establishment of schedule control organization ideologically. In the schedule control organization, the owner is the general coordinator and the top manager, and all the stakeholders involved should also establish their own schedule control system, with full-time personnel to carry out schedule control management tasks, and at the same time establish various rules and regulations for schedule control, such as the time and methods for schedule scheduling meetings [3].
5.2 Financial guarantee
In order to ensure the construction funds of gas engineering projects and ensure that they are carried out as planned, corresponding measures should be taken: regularly analyze the increase and decrease of project investment; Formulate investment control by stages, use work plans, capital control objectives and work flow charts at all levels, and be controlled and implemented by professionals; The implementation of the reward and punishment system, so that the task is clear, the responsibility is in place, and the rewards and punishments are clear.
5.3 technical support
When selecting and evaluating the design scheme, managers should give priority to the analysis of its technological advancement and economic rationality, and at the same time carefully consider the influence of design technology and project implementation on the progress [4]. In addition, it can also optimize the project construction technical scheme and improve the efficiency of the construction team; Give priority to some scientific and reasonable technologies such as computers to dynamically control the progress of gas engineering [5].
5.4 Incentive guarantee
The company should establish an incentive and assessment mechanism for all departments to link the implementation effect of the schedule with the economic responsibility of personnel [6]. Implement a step-by-step responsibility mechanism to strengthen the sense of responsibility and initiative of employees. For example, improve the commission of industrial and commercial customers' drawings; Establish a "project award", the marketing department will review the project cycle and service quality, and give special awards to the project builders.
6 conclusion
The comprehensive management of gas engineering projects is regarded as a complete industrial system by people in the industry. The construction of gas engineering projects requires high progress, and its progress is related to the reputation and benefit of gas enterprises, and also affects the success or failure of gas engineering, so controlling its progress is undoubtedly a key point. At the same time, this is also a long-term and arduous task, and the road ahead is still far away, which deserves our continuous attention.
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