Shanghai has a long history and is one of the second batch of 38 famous historical and cultural cities announced by the State Council 1986. The west of Shanghai became land 6000 years ago. The formation of urban land took place in the first half of 10 century.
In 223 BC, Kuaiji County was established after Qin destroyed Chu, and Suzhou was its governing place. Huiji County governs Miu County, Youquan County and Haiyan County. Miao county includes Jiading and Shanghai counties, Qingpu and Songjiang counties and some urban areas. There is also a Miao town named after Miao in Jiading County today. After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he built the Kuanchi Road from Xianyang to Jiangsu and Shanghai via Hubei and Hunan. According to historical records, the equator is 50 steps wide and a tree is planted every 3 feet. Chidao passes through the northwest of Songjiang today, "crossing Qingpu Gutang Bridge and connecting Wucheng in the west". In 2 10 BC, Qin Shihuang led a group of military commanders such as Prime Minister Reese and his youngest son Hu Hai to tour the south. They used to pass through the western part of Songjiang, Hengshan, Xiaokunshan and Sancha in the south of Qingpu, and saw that the local products were rich, people came and went, people rowed boats and traded on the water. This shows that Shanghai had not yet formed a city.
In the Han Dynasty in 207 BC, Miao County was called Lou County. Haiyan County, located in today's Jinshan County, was a vassal state of Liu Bi in Han Dynasty, where seawater was boiled to make salt. This kind of salt is called loose salt, which is of good quality and large quantity and is shipped to Wudu (Suzhou) for distribution. Haiyan County has developed, and so has Youquan County. Due to local subsidence, some sea salt turned into lakes and fists fell into the valley water. Around the second year of Emperor Han Ping, Haiyan County was forced to move south.
In the Jin Dynasty, Shanghai mainly relied on fishing and salt income, and its economy was quite developed. In the first year of Liang Datong in the Southern Dynasties (585), Haiyan County was divided into Qingpu County and Qianjing County. In the Tang Dynasty, Jianhuating County was established in southern Kunshan, eastern Jiaxing and northern Haiyan, and the county was located in Songjiang County. In the fifth year of Tianbao (746), Qinglong Town was established in Jiang Nanan, Wusong, northeast of Qingpu, directly under Huating County. Qinglong Town was originally the place where Wu built and moored warships during the Three Kingdoms period. Qinglong Port is the starting point of the lower reaches of Wusong River and a new port for foreign trade in Tang Dynasty. Marine ships can not only reach coastal and inland towns, but also go straight to Japan and North Korea.
In the early Song Dynasty, Huating County was changed to Xiuzhou (now Jiaxing). At this time, the beach east of Huating County has become an important salt field, with a large population and jumping ships, and the business is increasingly developed. In the first year of Song Xuanhe (1 1 19), with the dredging of Songjiang Waterway again, Qinglong Town had a greater development. According to Mei, a poet of the Song Dynasty, recorded in Qinglong magazine, Qinglong Town has 22 bridges, 36 squares, and "three pavilions, seven towers and thirteen temples with thousands of fireworks", which is known as "Little Hangzhou". Although Qinglong Town is so prosperous, Shanghai, as the mouth of Huating, is still a desolate fishing village. Later, due to the shallow siltation in the lower reaches of Wusong River, Qinglong Town, which was once prosperous, gradually lost its position as a good port at the mouth of the Yangtze River, and became increasingly depressed.
During the reign of Song Xining (l068-l077), the trade center moved to the northeast of Huating, forming a residential area, and the fishing village became a small town with a certain scale. In the third year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1267), the town government was formally established here. Because it is located on the west side of Puxi, Shanghai, it is called "Shanghai Town". From the Yuan Dynasty to the 14th year of Yuan Dynasty (l277), a city shipping company was established in Shanghai Town, which was called the seven major city shipping companies in China together with Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Wenzhou, Hangzhou, Qingyuan and Ganpu. Bos yamen, the headquarters city, was located in the later Shanghai county, which is today Guangqi Road, Fangbang South Road, Xiaodongmen.
From the Yuan Dynasty to the 28th year of Yuan Dynasty (l29 1), the "Shanghai County" was formally established, which was the beginning of Shanghai's construction. By the Ming Dynasty, there were many shops and restaurants in Shanghai. At this time, Shanghai has become a famous "Southeast City". In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the administrative divisions of Shanghai evolved again, gradually forming the scale of Shanghai today.
On the eve of the Opium War in l840, Shanghai County was bordered by Chuansha in the east, Nanhui in the south, Qingpu in the west and Baoshan in the north. There are 63 streets and lanes in the county, with many shops, fresh feathers and vast territory, so it is called "the city of southeast".
After the defeat of the Opium War, on August 29th, 1842, the Qing government ordered Ying Ying and Ibrahimovic, the surrenders, to sign the treaty of nanking with Pu Dingcha, the British plenipotentiary. The third paragraph of the treaty stipulates: "From now on, the Great Emperor (Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty) allowed the British people and their families to live in five ports along the coast of the Qing Dynasty, namely Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo and Shanghai, without any obstacles to trade." Then, on the pretext of "cleaning up the mess", Britain signed the Humen Treaty with the Qing government on 1843 10. Article 9 of the treaty stipulates: "The 10,000-year Peace Treaty (treaty of nanking) stipulates that British people are allowed to bring their families to Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo and Shanghai ... However, local officials in China and British butlers must reach an agreement on where local people want to live and what houses and bases they want to use." In the same year, on October 8th, L65438/kloc-0, Buffel, the first British consul in Shanghai, took office. According to the Humen Treaty, he asked Shanghai Daochang Mujiu to set aside a piece of land as a "residence" for British expatriates. Gong Mujiu thought that separation between China and foreign countries could avoid "disputes" and acquiesced in Baffour's request. Accordingly, Baffour issued an announcement on June 14 1 1, announcing that Shanghai officially opened on June 17, 1843.
More than a hundred years after Shanghai was forced to open a port, imperialist powers invaded Shanghai one after another and competed to set up concessions in Shanghai. First, Britain established the concession in Shanghai in 1845, and then the United States and France established the concession in Shanghai in L848- 1849 respectively. Later, the British and American concessions were collectively referred to as "public concessions". For more than a century, Shanghai has become an adventurer's paradise for foreign invaders.
1853, Shanghai "Knife Club" responded to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Revolution, held an armed uprising, opposed imperialism and the feudal dynasty of the Qing government, occupied Shanghai City, and persisted in the struggle 18 months. 19l9During the May 4th Movement, workers, students and people from all walks of life in Shanghai held a city-wide strike, which fully demonstrated the patriotic spirit of the people of Shanghai against imperialism and feudalism. 1921July, the China * * * production party held its first national congress in Shanghai.
1925 June 65438+ October, Feng Jun entered Shanghai. At that time, the Beijing government changed Shanghai to Songhu. On March 29th, 1927, Shanghai Temporary Special Municipal Government was established. On July 1930, Shanghai Special City was renamed Shanghai. Shanghai Municipal People's Government was established on May 28th, 1949.