1. Narrative: A style that takes narrative as the main form to remember people, narrate and describe scenery and objects.
It has six elements: time, place, people, the cause, process and result of the event.
Narrative style includes news, communication (mainly including character communication and event communication), travel notes, close-ups of characters, memoirs and so on.
For example, Fan's "Flying" is a feature film, which describes in detail the wonderful scene of Lu Wei winning the championship in the 10 meter platform diving competition, and breaks down the coherent diving action into three steps: taking off, flying and entering the water, warmly praising Lu Wei's wonderful performance and showing strong national pride and patriotic enthusiasm.
2. Explanatory text: a style that introduces the form, structure, nature, type and function of things or explains the meaning, characteristics, origin, evolution and principle of things with explanation as the main form. It includes advertisements, brochures, abstracts, rules, articles of association, comments and scientific sketches.
According to the object of explanation, explanatory text can be divided into material explanatory text and matter explanatory text. According to language style, expository writing can be divided into simple expository writing and vivid expository writing.
For example, Mao Yisheng's "China Stone Arch Bridge" is a plain exposition, which introduces the characteristics of China's stone arch bridge, such as long history, beautiful shape, solid structure and various forms, and praises the hard work and wisdom of our working people.
3. Argumentative essay: a style that analyzes and comments on issues or events with discussion as the main expression, indicating opinions, positions, attitudes or opinions.
The argumentation methods of argumentative essays mainly include example argumentation, quotation argumentation, contrast argumentation and metaphor argumentation.
For example, in the argumentative essay "On Education", Likhachev put forward the viewpoint that "education is first reflected at home", enumerated six examples of "uneducated" and "educated", pointed out that elegance is an important performance of educated people, and guided people to strive to be educated people.
4. Practical writing: generally refers to the style with certain format used by state organs, enterprises, institutions, social organizations and individuals at all levels to handle public and private affairs, disseminate information and express their wishes.
There are many kinds of practical writing, and the formats generally include address, greeting, text, greeting, signature and date.
For example, Hugo wrote a letter to Captain Butler during the expedition of the British and French allied forces to China, enthusiastically praising the Yuanmingyuan as a miracle of the world and condemning the robbery of the British and French allied forces, which reflected Hugo's humanitarian spirit; Write the title "Sir" on your head. The text first explains the reason for writing this letter, and then shows your opinion. At the end, there is a signature and date.
5. Poetry: a literary genre with a certain rhythm and rhythm that vividly expresses the author's thoughts and feelings in highly concise language, and focuses on social life. It can be divided into ancient poems and modern poems in chronological order.
According to the rhythm, ancient poetry can be divided into classical poetry with free rhyme and modern poetry (quatrains and metrical poems) with strict rules on the number of words, sentences, parallelism and rhyme.
According to the way of expression, it can be divided into narrative poems, lyric poems and philosophical poems.
For example, Liu Yuxi's poem "Appreciating Lotte at the First Meeting in Yangzhou" expresses the poet Liu Yuxi's complex feelings, including his sadness and resentment over his long exile, his lament over the changes of the world, and his indomitable and positive spirit.
6. Novel: a literary genre that focuses on portraying characters and reflects social life through complete story and environmental description.
According to the length and capacity, it can be divided into novels, novellas, short stories and mini-novels (short stories). According to the performance content, it can be divided into myth, Xian Xia, martial arts, science fiction, case-solving, romance, officialdom and mystery novels.
According to the system, it can be divided into chapter novels, diary novels, epistolary novels and autobiographical novels. According to language forms, it can be divided into classical Chinese novels and vernacular novels.
For example, Lu Xun's novel "Hometown" focuses on two characters, Runtu and Yang Er's sister-in-law, which reflects the reality of rural bankruptcy before and after the Revolution of 1911 by contrast and expresses Lu Xun's strong desire to transform the old society and create a new life.
7. Prose: a narrative literary genre that expresses the author's true feelings and flexible writing style.
Prose in a broad sense refers to articles in ancient China literature that do not pursue rhyme and neat sentence patterns, as opposed to rhymes and parallel prose. In a narrow sense, prose refers to a literary genre in China's modern literature, which is juxtaposed with poetry, novel and drama.
According to the expression, it can be divided into narrative prose, lyric prose and philosophical prose.
For example, Zhu Ziqing's Back depicts his father's back by recalling the past, showing his love for his son and his son's nostalgia for his father.
8. Drama: The concept of drama in literature refers to scripts created for dramatic performances, that is, scripts. Drama language includes character language and stage description.
For example, Sun Hong's drama "Zao Er" uses symbolic techniques to unfold the plot around "Zao Er", reflecting social changes and showing the deep affection between father and son.