One of the hot spots of general concern in the field of surgery, there are many debates, one after another, and its focus

The focus is mainly on how to treat the rich ancient literary theory and the powerful west.

Literary theory and the new tradition formed since the May 4th Movement. In this regard,

A century ago, Wang Guowei faced the intersection of China and the West.

The exploration and choice made by the trend of the times is of great significance to our theoretical construction today.

"Hypothesis" is still enlightening, especially in his "Thorns on the Earth", which successfully introduced the West.

Fang philosophy and aesthetics are related concepts and categories in China's traditional literary theory.

Beyond it, we can achieve a natural and harmonious learning.

Re-creation of theory. This paper aims to explore its characteristics and causes, as well as its influence on contemporary literature.

Analyze the significance of construction in detail.

The thorn in the earth was first published in (), * * *

Count and! Then, Wang Guowei personally selected the arrangement. As far as form is concerned, "person"

Word-cutting appears in the form of words, which is common in China's ancient poems.

Type, but most traditional words and poems are improvised at will, and should be made at the right time in the knot.

There are few strict arrangements in structure. The story of the world seems to be deliberately avoided.

Get rid of this sloppy feature, and the unpublished draft published in the future can be deleted.

As circumstantial evidence, it involves tone skills, biased textual research and inclusion.

Words inconsistent in content and style were deleted by Wang Guowei.

Among them, thus enhancing the accuracy and unity of the whole expression.

As far as its logical structure is concerned,&! Then "The Thorn on Earth" takes the realm as the core.

The concept, that is, the overall interpretation of the theory, is also a concrete analysis of the work.

Evidence shows clear logical thinking. The "thorns on the earth" are here.

The advantages of surface show that Wang Guowei consciously used the west in his research.

Fang's logical thinking method. Indeed, Wang himself has compared it in this respect.

Strict training, studied western mathematics, physics, chemistry, etc. , and then

He studied the philosophy of Kant, Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, and personally translated Hai Fu in Denmark.

Introduction to Psychology and so on. He has a clear understanding of this and made an analysis.

The difference between Chinese and western ways of thinking, "it is practical to restrain our characteristics,

Popular also. The characteristics of westerners are speculative and scientific.

In this way, benevolence can consciously learn western logic and analysis.

Thinking mode, but also retains the advantages of traditional perceptual thinking, filling

The score shows Wang Guowei's efforts to connect China and the West.

At the beginning of "Ren Jian Thorn", it was proposed that the realm should be the highest standard of ci criticism.

Quasi: "The word takes the realm as the highest." [%] Take the realm as the beauty of literature and art..

A summary of the characteristics of. Why does the realm have such an important position?

There seems to be no positive answer in The Story of the World. However, this is not the case.

This doesn't mean that we can't get the inner meaning of this realm from the thorns on the earth.

Han understands. Because Wang Guowei is in his own unique way, from the environment

Various conditions for the appearance of boundaries, the classification of boundaries and the correlation between boundaries and others.

The relationship between concepts shows the richness of realm connotation, which mainly includes

The following contents:

True feelings and scenery.

Thorns on the Earth &; Then he said, "The scenery is not unique. Quite fun. "

Sorrow and joy are also one of the realms in people's hearts. Therefore, people who can describe the scenery and truly feel,

Call it the realm; Otherwise, it is said that there is no realm. "In short, is there a realm,

It depends on whether the scenery can be photographed or not. Here, there are three

Layer meaning:

The realm is the unity of emotion and scenery. Wang Guowei once wrote in "Literary Essays"

It said: "literature has two elements: scenery and emotion ... writers."

It is nothing more than the result of knowledge and emotional explanation. Without keen knowledge.

Those who have deep feelings lack literary accomplishment. "[*] take love and scenery as

The basic elements of literature emphasize the blending of scenes, which is one of the traditional literary theories.

Similar. In this regard, Wang Guowei also has a very important summary:

"In the past, people talked about poetry, which was divided into scenery language and emotional language. I don't know all the landscape languages, but all of them.

Love words also. "

The realm must be true scenery, true feelings, especially true feelings.

This is very important, because "people with real feelings have real views on things". They worship truth and kings.

The same is true of Guo Wei's super-utilitarian view of literature, and real literature should not be utilitarian.

Influence, "feel your feelings and speak your own words", when it comes to Yuanqu, Wang

Guowei even takes "truth" as the first meaning, thinking that even if there are characters in Yuanqu,

The ideological defects and deficiencies are also worthy of being "the literature of a generation".

On the other hand, Wang Guowei's so-called true feelings are not only true.

His own feelings are also the poet's understanding of the universe, life and human destiny.

Ultimate care. "A truly great poet takes human emotions as one of them.

Your own feelings. " "Worried about life" and "Worried about life" are repeatedly emphasized in Ci Hua on Earth.

The world ","the feeling of joys and sorrows, traveling and serving "are all" from ancient times to the present. "

The human emotion of "Zhi" is no longer just the joys and sorrows of special individuals.

Therefore, one's true feelings are linked with the universal feelings of human beings, true feelings.

Only by combining emotion with real scenery can we create a real realm.

Real scenery, real feelings, should be clearly and truly expressed, because

"Husband's realm, presented in my heart, can be seen in the outside world, is a moment. only

Poets can engrave immortal words with such instantaneous things, and make readers complacent.

Yes. "The poet's feelings about the experience realm are extremely easy to pass, and they must be

Use appropriate words to solve it. Therefore, Wang Guowei emphasized

The poet created concise sentences. "Where there is a realm, there are famous sentences."

Through the analysis of specific poems, it is proved that it is similar to the creation of classical poems.

The tradition of emphasizing rhetorical questions is consistent, but Wang Guowei is not a single 2.

Simply emphasize the refinement of words, because words are the first! "Then he said," Wen

Fei Qing's handwriting is beautiful. Wei Duanji's handwriting is beautiful. Li Zhongguang's handwriting is beautiful.

Word, beauty also. "He asked for a beautiful sentence and finally realized his ideal.

The realm of beauty, that is, refined sentences, must be based on true feelings and pursue the inner.

Beauty, so that we can really call it a realm.

# "Creation" and "Writing"

# rule and $ rule in The Story of the World describe the realm and realm.

The classification of built environment, and the relationship and difference between them are expounded. "In the built environment,

There is a writing environment, and this ideal is divided from two schools of realism. However, it is difficult to distinguish between the two schools.

Don't. Because the environment created by great poets will conform to nature, so will the environment written.

Adjacent to the ideal, yes.

Things in nature are interrelated and restricted. However, it is used

In literature and art, there must be some connections and limitations, so it is realistic.

Home is also an ideal home. Although this is a fictional place, we must find its materials.

In nature, its structure also comes from the laws of nature. Therefore, although the ideal home,

And a realist. "

Here, Wang Guowei obviously borrowed western theories and released his creative side.

As a classification standard, law divides the realm into two factions: ideal and reality, that is,

They are two different artistic schools, romanticism and realism.

The creation of environment is biased towards ideal fiction, which is the writer's subjective creation, while the writing of environment is biased towards ideal fiction.

Realism in nature is the writer's objective imitation of nature, but both are.

It is difficult to distinguish them because the materials used in the construction come from customers.

Observing reality is nature, and it is not made up in the process of creating the environment.

Knead at will, but it must be rooted in the objective world and "must follow the laws of nature".

Writing environment is not a record of nature, but must be based on some ideal.

In fact, it sublated and "left its relationship limitation", thus "created by great poets"

The realm must conform to nature, and the written realm must also be adjacent to the ideal. "

It should be said that Wang Guowei's exposition here is quite incisive and dialectical.

Even today, our understanding is roughly the same as his exposition.

% "I have my site" and "I have no site"

"My site, my site ... my site, my site.

See things, so everything is my color. Without me, look at things with things, so don't.

Know what is mine and what is physical. The ancients wrote words, and those who wrote my realm acted as things.

There are many things, but you can't write without me before you start. This is something that heroes can establish.

ear ""where there is no self, people can only get it in silence. Where there is my self, we can move.

You can get it when it's quiet. Therefore, beauty is strong. "

The first two are the classification of realms based on the way of looking at things.

That is, the realm of having me is "seeing things from me"&; As a result,

Aesthetic feeling is "grand and strong"; The realm of no self is "seeing things by things" and "being"

Get it in silence ",giving people the feeling of beauty is" beauty ". In the specific discussion, Wang

On the one hand, national prestige is influenced by the traditional philosophy from China; on the other hand,

Face up to and learn from Schopenhauer's aesthetic thought. In China's philosophy, "view"

It is a special way to know things, that is, according to the nature of things.

Face it, without emotional interference, to know the truth of the matter. and

In Schopenhauer's view, it refers to an aesthetic meditation, that is, an aesthetic process.

The subject has got rid of the will and is eager to observe the object directly, that is, 3.

Guo Wei's so-called "I want" is transformed into "I know". Despite traditional philosophy

It is different from Schopenhauer's philosophy from the basic point of argument to the purpose of discussion.

However, it emphasizes that the subject must get rid of some bondage in order to achieve objectivity to the object.

In understanding, there is no doubt that there are similarities between the two, and Wang Guowei is precisely these two.

Through the integration of Chinese and western attitudes, people are organically linked to gain an inner feeling.

Academic transcendence.

Inner Beauty and Ability Training

"Thorns on the Earth" also talks about several articles when the author created this realm.

Imagination, spiritual enlightenment, etc. Among them, the discussion about inner beauty and ability training is the most world-famous

Eye-catching "'Unpublished manuscript' is explained by the words of Qu Yuan's Li Sao.

The relationship between them is analyzed: "Fenwo has both inner beauty and cultivation." Literature is indispensable to both. However, words are lyrical. "

Therefore, inner beauty is particularly important. If there is no inner beauty, but there is self-cultivation, then the white stone ear is "."

The basis of beauty is his "theory of genius", that is, "literature and art are heaven"

Only because of the game, but not to convince others. "Therefore, inner beauty is a kind of.

Inner beauty, whose core content is "noble and great personality" and

The childlike innocence. Wang Guowei used Song Ci to describe the cultivation of ability.

The three stages of cultivation the day after tomorrow: "last night, the west wind withered the green trees, and I went to the tall building alone."

Looking at the horizon from afar, "I don't regret my clothes getting wider and wider, and I am haggard for Iraq",

"The crowd searched for him for thousands of Baidu, but when I turned around, I found the man in the dim light."

Therefore, "literary genius needs great cultivation."

As far as inner beauty and cultivation are concerned, Wang Guowei pays more attention to inner beauty than inner beauty.

People who can cultivate their own abilities are particularly disgusted, so there are many criticisms of Jiang Kui in Ci Hua, which is called Bai.

The stone is "excellent in rhyme" but "hard in rhyme", so his landscape painting is "still in the fog"

Look at the flowers, separated by a layer. "

In a word, Wang Guowei's exposition of the realm involves the author, works and reading.

And so on, at the same time, from different angles, the realm is also different.

Division of. Compared with previous people's interests, charm, etc. , although also harmonious.

There are some similarities in the world, but because theories are often ethereal and elusive,

Therefore, it is not as comprehensive as the "realm theory". Therefore, Wang Guowei confidently said:

"However, the so-called interest of Canglang and Ruanting's so-called verve are not enough.

"If I don't choose the word" realm ",I will find out its source."

It is based on the combination of traditional poetics and western aesthetic thought.

A unique academic innovation is different from traditional literature in concept and connotation.

These two theories are related to some extent, but at the same time they draw lessons from western philosophical aesthetics.

Realm has been redefined, giving new meaning and the focus of "exploring the source"

To locate, so that the realm theory becomes the most vital and influential theory in modern times.

One of the literary theories of force.

From the above analysis, we can see that in the book "Thorns on the Earth"

Both connotation and expression are deeply related to China's traditional literary theory.

However, it naturally incorporates new western concepts and methods and shows the kingdom.

Wei Rong's efforts to integrate China and the West are idealistic and biased.

Party, but it does have an inestimable nature. So Mr. Buddha summed it up as "human"

The position of Bian Hua Ci in academic history says: "Bring in western aesthetics."

Combing China's literary heritage with traditional poetics.

Clarify the essence of poetry with "realm", thus forming a more systematic

An aesthetician, formally speaking, should start with Wang Guowei. "[! ]

Today, let's talk about Wang Guowei again. Besides studying his academic achievements,

It is more important to study the reasons for its achievements.

Great success is Wang Guowei's broad academic vision and conscious academic spirit.

Pursuit is inseparable.

Firstly, it emphasizes the importance of philosophy and the independence of literature and art.

When Wang Guowei absorbed western thoughts, he was inclined to humanism.

Science, of which philosophy and art are the most important.

In studying history, Wang Guowei may not be noticed by the world, but Wang Guowei is right.

The focus of philosophy is from beginning to end. "# $% He published in Teaching.

The first paper in World Education is about philosophy, and its title is

"Confusion of philosophy" is to distinguish some incorrect philosophies clearly.

Point of view, he pointed out that "philosophy is not useless learning", "this lady's mind,

Have knowledge, will and feelings. The ideals of these three are truth, goodness and beauty.

It is also true that philosophy combines these three principles. "[&; ] At the same time,

Wang Guowei further emphasized the importance of learning western philosophy.

It is not easy to understand China's philosophy, but it is not easy to understand western philosophy.

Western philosophy is the philosophy that rules China, so it doesn't stop there.

Those who develop and grow in China's inherent philosophy must have a deep understanding of western philosophy.

There is no doubt about it. "['] advocates a deep understanding of western philosophy before cleaning up and merging.

The inherent concept of Everbright China. This is actually what he later put forward: "learn without learning."

The pioneer of "West". Years ago, he devoted his main energy to.

In the study of philosophy, although he later gave up philosophy and turned to literature, but

Philosophy really influenced his life, his outlook on life and art.

Even the choice of life. His words, "human words" are based on

Schopenhauer's pessimism has a profound philosophical foundation, which is not only concentrated in his

Life experience and aesthetic experience are also filled with a strong pessimistic atmosphere. male

The final self-destruction cannot be said to have nothing to do with Schopenhauer's philosophy. Therefore,

As far as the history of philosophy is concerned, some people put forward the opposite view that "in modern times"

An important part of effectively developing China's philosophy is to digest Wang Guowei.

Today and in the future, it is worthwhile for cultural adherents who have died by dragging their pigtails.

Study deeply. "[)]

On the other hand, Wang Guowei emphasized and insisted on the independence of literature.

Super-utilitarian view of literature and art Wang Guowei draws lessons from Schiller and others' games

Said that "the writer, the cause of the game is also." "Words on Earth" also

Said: "The poet regards all external things as the material of the game, but its game is

Full of enthusiasm. "So, literature has nothing to do with survival competition, but borrowing and copying.

Write things, recite feelings, and vent your "saving power." Wang Guowei objected.

Regard literature as a tool to gain fame and fortune, thinking that it will make literature lose.

To the space of free development and the possibility of continuous growth. That's it. Super.

The pure beauty of literature and art of utilitarianism urges Wang Guowei to pay more attention to the aesthetics of art.

Qualitative research can be said to be one of the famous realm theories in The Thorn on Earth.

Theoretical origin.

Secondly, he advocated "no Chinese and Western learning" and put forward a dynamic theory of combining Chinese and Western learning.

Wang Guowei lived in an era of frequent crises in China's modern history.

The times are turbulent and the country is in danger, so it is special to learn western culture.

In particular, saving the country through science and technology is common sense. At that time,

The exchange and reference between the two cultures has caused a debate about who should learn from the West in middle schools.

Wang Guowei has a clear-cut stand on who is the main assistant and who is the end of this big debate.

Clearly put forward the view that "learning is not Chinese and western". He made a detailed statement about it.

Explain in detail: "Why is there no combination of Chinese and Western learning, no science, no history?

Literature. Therefore, China's study is available in western countries; The study of western countries, our country also

There are all kinds. The differences are wide, narrow and dense. That is to say, from the vulgar, but from the ancient.

In the name of western learning in middle school, my husband is worried that the prosperity of western learning will hinder middle school and virtual middle school.

The prosperity of western scholars is not rooted in. Today, China has no knowledge.

"[! ] This passage can be said to be correct.

Refuting the Westernization School's view that "middle school is the body and western learning is the use", why?

Middle school pays equal attention to western learning, showing an eclectic, harmonious and broad

His academic demeanor. Starting from the research object of the academic itself, he thinks that the West

Learning and learning are human exploration of the universe and life problems, so in western learning,

Learning is not contrary, but "prosperity is prosperity, decline is decline."

They promote each other. So, what is the combination of Chinese and western?

Wang Guowei put forward "dynamic China" in "On Academic circles in recent years"

On the integration of westernization. He inspected the development history of China culture and thought that Buddhism was spread.

Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties is a knowledge formed by the combination of China and traditional Confucianism from Song Dynasty to Song Dynasty.

The process from passive to active. "Today, the second Buddhism was reported again.

Yi, the same is true of western thinking. "Therefore, we advocate a positive attitude towards the West.

Thought and culture, in order to realize the combination of Chinese and western, promote middle school.

Transformation and development. Wang Guowei's own academic practice seems to have a lesson.

Take the process of western thought from passive to active. As far as literary criticism is concerned,

# $%' s Review of A Dream of Red Mansions is based on Schopenhauer's philosophy.

China's classic A Dream of Red Mansions has made a brand-new interpretation, but it

In other words, comments only refer to the red chamber.

Dream "as an example to prove the deduction of Schopenhauer's thought, and lack of.

Internal unity in theory. And "# $! In "Thorns on the Earth", it is obvious that

This limitation has been broken through, and Schopenhauer's thoughts in Ci Hua are almost thorough.

China, this makes the origin of Schopenhauer hard to detect. This is exactly one.

An excellent example of the dynamic combination of western ideas. In the previous year, Wang

Guo Wei wrote "Preface at the Age of 30" and said, "I'm tired of philosophy,

It is said that most lovely people are not trustworthy, and trustworthy people are not cute ... it's almost two o'clock.

The biggest boredom in three years. "[#] shows that he knows more about western philosophy.

Thinking deeply, I see their contradictions and limitations, which are upside down.

To urge him to seek the advantages of traditional culture, Wang Guowei stands in the middle.

In the comparative study of western culture, in-depth thinking of the height of the creation of "human words."

This masterpiece of Yan.

In a word, Wang Guowei conforms to the historical trend of cultural development.

In the comparative study of Chinese and western cultures, the starting point of its research is "people"

Banning can be said to be a literary work in the history of modern literary criticism, which combines ancient and modern Chinese and western literature.

A model should not be underestimated for the construction of contemporary literary theory.

As far as the construction of contemporary literary theory is concerned, how to integrate ancient and modern China?

Appearance is still a core proposition. On the one hand, excellent ancient cultural inheritance

As a kind of psychological accumulation, system will inevitably penetrate into the aesthetic reality of contemporary people.

In practice, we can't completely separate the connection with tradition; On the other hand, in

Under the background of cultural globalization, we can't be indifferent to western culture.

However, we have come a long way in this respect in the past.

Detours, on the one hand, are alienation and negation of tradition, on the other hand, are also

A large number of horizontal movements of western critical theory, especially since the new period, the west

Fang's literary theory is also one after another, but can it really be compared with China's contemporary literature

Fortunately, this phenomenon has been reflected, in contrast.

For example, the discussion on "aphasia" and the discussion on the theoretical transformation of ancient Chinese prose all show that

Show the critical spirit of academic research. It is in this sense that,

The Thorn on the Earth is of reference significance to the construction of contemporary Chinese and western literary theories.

The blending of literary theory must be based on the depth of traditional literary theory and western literary theory.

On the basis of understanding, the two cultures have overlapped.

Seeking the growth point of theory, combining literature, history and philosophy, and integrating China and foreign countries.

Combining research methods to construct contemporary literary theory with China characteristics.

Wang Guowei once took a solid step on the road of blending China and the West.

One step, we can go down this road today, and we should go beyond it.

The wider you walk.