Paper Keywords: idiom meaning

Abstract: Idioms are the crystallization of people's wisdom. The original content of idioms reflects people's understanding and contains profound philosophical truth. From the philosophical point of view, this paper expounds the philosophical implication of idioms from seven aspects. (1) matter and consciousness; (2) the unity of subjective initiative and objective regularity; (3) the concept of sports; (4) the concept of linkage development; (5) the law of mutual change of mass; (6) the law of unity of opposites; (7) Cognition and practice. ?

Idiom is a concise and stereotyped language that has been used for a long time. It is the essence of people's repeated scrutiny and tempering. It is the crystallization of people's understanding. It summarizes people's practical experience and thinking achievements in exploring the mysteries of the objective world, and contains profound philosophical truth.

I. Matter and consciousness

1. Matter is an objective reality that can be reflected by consciousness. ? Molded with things? . Although it talks about the principle of painting, that is, painting should vividly describe the different forms of things themselves. But it also shows that matter can be copied, photographed and reflected by our feelings.

? Stealing a clock? . It is subjective idealism that the bell thief covers his ears for fear that others will hear him. ? People are not transferred by people. ? Sound exists objectively. It is also determined by objective things. No matter how you cover your ears, it won't disappear. Such idioms also include: painting a snake to add feet; Fabricate out of thin air; Worried; Make something out of nothing.

2. Consciousness is the reflection of matter. To play a role, consciousness must be based on matter. Therefore, it is wrong to overemphasize the role of consciousness. For example:? Painting cakes to satisfy hunger? . ? Draw a cake? Just the expression of the concept of cake in people's minds, just as the design pattern of a house is just the expression of the concept of a house, it is essentially an ideological thing. Trying to fill hunger by painting cakes is tantamount to replacing matter with spirit and reality with fantasy, and the result is to fall into idealistic fantasy. Such idioms also include: looking at plums to quench thirst; Daydreaming; Draw ghosts and gods.

Second, the unity of subjective initiative and objective regularity.

1. Conscious activities are positive and creative. Like what? And so on? . I have touched one thing and can understand other things of the same kind. This shows that consciousness not only reflects objective things, but also promotes the deepening of understanding from the outside to the inside.

Conscious activities can transform the objective world. Idioms that express this meaning are: sincere arrival, stone for opening; Man will conquer nature; Fools move mountains.

However, sometimes people ignore the dynamic role of consciousness. For example:? Give up eating because of choking? , is a negative and pessimistic attitude.

Everything has its objective regularity. ? The regularity of matter exists objectively, and those who violate it will be punished by it. For example:? "Seedlings encourage growth"? Originally, I wanted to make crops grow fast, but because it violated the growth law of crops, what happened? Help oranges grow seedlings? . Was punished by objective laws.

3. We should give full play to the dynamic role of consciousness, conform to the objective subjectively, and realize the unity of subjective and objective. In idioms, some contents reflect the idea that the subjective is divorced from the objective. This kind of idiom includes: drilling ice for fire; Draw water with a bamboo basket; Pay for the fire fighting.

Third, the concept of sports.

1. The motion of matter is diverse and complicated. Idioms that reflect philosophical significance are: ever-changing; Unpredictable; Rapid change is the general form of motion, and stillness is the special form of motion. Idiom? Is it still valid? , embodies the unity of opposites between dynamic and static. However, some idioms reflect whether they recognize the movement of matter. For example:

? Carve a boat for a sword? . The sword fell into the water, but people didn't go into the water to look for the sword immediately, but just carved the place where the sword fell on the boat and waited until the boat stopped to look for the sword. Naturally, we can't find the sword. The boat is moving, the water is moving, and the place where the sword is dropped will definitely change.

2. Material movement is always associated with time and space. For example:? How time flies. . Describe how time flies. This speed is compared with a person's life or a long period of time. It embodies the movement of time and space.

Time refers to the continuity of material movement process, and space refers to the extensiveness of material movement. Time and space are inseparable. For example:? Far water can't put out near fire? . Time is measured and understood by the movement of matter in space. What is this idiom? Is it far? One? Nearby? It has distinct spatial characteristics; One? Slow? One? Urgent? It also has distinct characteristics of the times. Using spatial characteristics to compare time characteristics shows the inseparable relationship between space and time.

Fourth, contact the development concept.

The 1. connection is objective and universal. Idioms that reflect the objectivity and universality of contact, such as? Foundation moistens things silently? . It means that the stone under the column is wet, which indicates that it will rain. According to life experience, people infer that there is a universal connection between various things from the connection of some natural phenomena.

? Cold lips and teeth? . This idiom illustrates the close relationship between the two. ? Lips? With what? Teeth? Interdependence, life and death and * * *. The connection between things is objective and realistic.

Contact has the characteristics of diversity and restriction. For example:? Luoyang paper is expensive? . ? Luoyang? With what? Paper is expensive? Two unrelated things. However, due to the popularity of Zuo Si's three capitals in Luoyang, the price of paper rose. Release? Luoyang? With what? Paper is expensive? Connected. This shows that the relationship between things is complex and diverse, both direct and indirect.

We should look at problems and things from the perspective of connection. Some idioms reflect an isolated view. Such idioms are: peep at the leopard in the tube; The blind touch the elephant; A leaf can't see Mount Tai.

2. Development in materialist dialectics refers to the emergence of new things and the demise of old things. Development is characterized by rising and advancing. For example:? Shine on you is better than blue? . The whole sentence emphasizes youth? Better than what? Blue shows that the development of things does not just stay at one level, but comes from behind, and new things are higher than old things. The development of things is upward and forward. And then what? A millipede, dead but not stiff? . It shows that although the old things have declined internally, they are still strong on the surface, and it is bound to go through a tortuous process for new things to overcome the old things. The world is changing and developing, so we should look at the problem from a developmental perspective. The idioms that reflect this point are: say goodbye for three days and look at it with new eyes.

There are also many idioms that reflect a static view. Such as: following the rules; Adhere to the rules; Stick to the old way.

Five, the law of mutual change of mass

1. quality is the inherent law that a thing becomes itself and is different from other things. For example:? Neither a donkey nor a horse? . The philosophy it contains is that everything has its own qualitative stipulation and the boundaries between different things cannot be confused. When understanding things, we should not only see the differences between different things, donkey is donkey, horse is horse, but also see the connections between different things and admit the existence of intermediate state.

2. The unity of quality and quantity is degree. Only to a certain extent can things be done well. Idioms such as? Sad but not hurt; Too much is too late; Just right; Just right? It embodies this kind of thinking.

If it exceeds a certain limit or does not reach a certain level, then the correct action becomes wrong. This idiom is like: a tiny difference, a thousand miles away; It didn't achieve its goal.

3. Quantitative change and qualitative change are two forms or two states of things. To change variables into qualitative changes, we must first accumulate quantity. The idioms reflecting the accumulation of quantity are: Rome was not built in a day; A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.

The accumulation of quantity causes quantitative change, which causes qualitative change, and qualitative change is the result of quantitative change. It is also the beginning of a new quantitative change. Idioms reflecting this idea are: dripping water wears away the stone; Accumulate soil into mountains; Another idiom is sawing wood with a rope? Pot calling the kettle black? The philosophical meaning expressed is essentially the same thing, but the quantity may be different.

Six, the law of unity of opposites

1. The law of unity of opposites reveals the source, motive force and essential content of the development of things. The identity of contradiction refers to the organic and inseparable connection between the opposites of contradiction. Idioms that embody this philosophical significance are: parallelism; It's not that enemies don't get together; Mitigate force with kindness

The struggle of contradiction refers to the mutual exclusion between the opposites of contradiction. Such idioms include: different melting pots of ice and carbon; No card, no flow, more than no? one

Besides, idioms? The Tao is one foot high, and the devil is ten feet high? Although it also contains contradictions.

Controversial, but it only reflects the form of fierce struggle between the two sides of the contradiction and the outcome of one side defeating the other, reflecting the opposition is not comprehensive.

2. Contradiction is the reason for the development of things. Internal contradiction is the internal cause and external contradiction is the external cause. Idioms that reflect the philosophical meaning of internal causes are: disaster comes from the mouth; Idioms that reflect the philosophical meaning of external factors include: stones from other mountains can attack jade, external factors work through internal factors, and internal factors can only promote the development of things under certain conditions, and internal and external factors are interrelated. Idioms reflecting this relationship are: near Zhu Zhechi, near Mexico is black; Without my mud; The identity and struggle of self-reliance contradiction can be transformed into each other under certain conditions. Idioms that embody this philosophical significance are: a blessing in disguise is a blessing in disguise; The full moon is a loss; Too late to go to extremes. 3. Contradictions are objective and universal. Idiom? Short feet, long inches? It reflects the objectivity and universality of contradictions. There are idioms? Afraid of illness and doctors? 、? Ambiguous? But denied the objectivity of the contradiction.

When dealing with problems, we should grasp the main aspects and contradictions. Idioms reflecting this philosophical thought are: hit the snake and hit seven inches; Get paid at the bottom of the bucket.

Contradictions have both universality and particularity. When analyzing objective things, we should combine the universality and particularity of contradictions. When dealing with specific problems, we should analyze them in detail. Idioms reflecting this philosophical thought are: under appropriate conditions; Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude; Adjust measures to local conditions; Tailored.

When analyzing contradictions, we should use the method of combining two-point theory with key theory. This is how the following idioms reflect the content. Such as: learn from each other's strengths; Robbing Peter to pay Paul; Cut the flesh and mend the sore.

Seven, epistemology and practice.

1. Cognition is the active reflection of the subject to the object, and epistemology is the theory of reflection. Materialist reflection theory is knowable, such as idioms? Know something? . Idealism is agnostic, such as idioms? Zhuang zhidie week? . Because epistemology is a theory of reflection, this theory of reflection will inevitably be one-sided and superficial sometimes. Reflect this? The idiom of philosophical thought is: do not seek an answer; Frog in the well; Have a taste.

2. Practice is the source and motivation of knowledge. Idioms that reflect the influence of practice on cognition are: well-informed; Ignorance; Practice makes perfect; Seeing is believing; Know the old horse; We emphasize? Unity of knowledge and action? If you have theory, you must rely on practice to prove that the purpose of cognition is practice. Idioms that reflect the influence of cognition on practice are: opening books is beneficial; Develop a strategy; Must bow and kiss; Easily.

3. Practice is the only criterion for testing truth, and it is necessary to integrate theory with practice when dealing with problems. Idioms that reflect this philosophical view are: there is no constant potential for soldiers; Assess the situation; Seeking truth from facts? -In epistemology, dogmatism and empiricism still exist. Idioms such as: copy mechanically; Draw a gourd ladle; Theoretically.

To sum up, people's subjective consciousness expressed by idioms is formed by people's careful observation, careful thinking, in-depth analysis and repeated verification of objective reality, and its philosophical connotation is profound and profound.

References:

[1] handa idiom dictionary [K], Beijing: dictionary publishing house, 1996

[2] Introduction to Idioms [X], Wuhan: Hubei People's Publishing House, 1982.

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