Ji is going to attack the vassal States. When he met Confucius, he said, "We must use force to deal with it." Confucius said, "Ran Qiu! Shouldn't it be your fault? Quite won. The former king once appointed him to preside over the sacrifice of Mount Dongmeng, and it was on the territory of our country, and it was a vassal with the safety of Lu. Why should we attack it? " You Ran said, "Neither of us wants to have such a thousand grandchildren in that season." Confucius said, "Ran Qiu! The sage Zhou ren said:' If you can exert your strength, you will take it; If not, you should resign. "For example, blind people are in danger and don't help; You're going to fall. Why do you need an assistant if you don't help? Besides, what you said is wrong. Tiger rhinoceros escaped from the fence and the turtle shell was destroyed in the box. Who is to blame? "
You Ran said, "The city wall is very strong, and it is very close to the fief in Ji Sun. If you don't occupy it now, it will definitely leave harm to future generations. " Confucius said, "Ran Qiu! A gentleman hates to avoid talking about his greedy attitude, but he must find another excuse. I have heard that no matter a vassal of a country or a doctor with a family (fief), there is no need to worry about not much wealth, but only about uneven wealth; Don't worry about too few people, just worry about instability. If wealth is average, there is no poverty; Peaceful coexistence, there will be no fewer people; If you are stable, you won't be in danger. If we do this, people from far away will not submit to it, so we will carry forward civilized education and attract them. We must appease them when they come. Now Ran Qiu and I are assisting, but people far away are not convinced, but they can't be educated with sandwiches. The country is fragmented, but it cannot be preserved; On the contrary, I want to use force in China. I am afraid that Ji Sun's sorrow is not in the shackles, but in the walls. "
[Text Analysis] Attack is an important chapter in The Analects of Confucius, which belongs to the criticism of narrative prose. Through a conversation between Confucius and Confucius, the different attitudes of teachers and students towards Ji's crusade were demonstrated. Confucius has always opposed the monarch's conquest by force to convince people; Advocating the rule of courtesy means strengthening education and serving people with morality. This is clearly reflected in the article.
The article is divided into three paragraphs, which respectively describe the three levels of the dialogue between Confucius and the teacher. At the beginning of the article, the political background of the conversation is introduced: the Ji family is ready to crusade. When Ji's retainer and he told Confucius the news, Confucius really blamed it, thinking that they had the responsibility to stop Ji's unkind and unjust actions, and expressed firm opposition to Ji's crusade. Then fully explain the reasons from three aspects: "the late king thought he was the proprietor", which means that he has a certain political status in Shandong and has always been treated with courtesy and cannot be cut; "And in the state" refers to a small country in Shandong, which does not pose a threat to Shandong and does not need to be cut; "He is also a minister of a country", pointing out that he is a minister of Lu, not the object that Ji should crusade against. This is particularly important, because Confucius has always advocated that "the conquest of rites and music originated from emperors", and there is no way in the world, and "the conquest of rites and music" began with princes. Confucius thought Ji's attack was a good way to gain state power, which naturally made him very disgusted.
In the second paragraph, You Ran was scolded by Confucius in an attempt to pass the buck. He took a step-by-step defensive approach, but Confucius advanced step by step and was eager to give up, severely criticizing him. He immediately refuted Ran's defense that "the master wants it, but neither of us wants it". First of all, to quote Zhou Ren, if a courtier can't do his duty, he would rather resign than live in his own position with a salary. Confucius could not tolerate the sin of Ji's attack. As the retainer of the Ji family, he should make suggestions for the dead. If Ji's family doesn't listen to their advice, they should resign and "stay out of it". Then, Confucius gave an example figuratively: "The tiger came out of the nest and the turtle destroyed the jade in the rafter. Whose fault is it?" Tiger rhinoceros came out of the cage and hurt people, and turtle jade was destroyed in the box. Whose fault is this? Is it the fault of tiger, rhinoceros and tortoise jade? Obviously, it is not the fault of the guards, but the dereliction of duty of the guards.
In the third paragraph, after being severely criticized by Confucius, he continued to make excuses for himself and put forward the reason why Ji Jia wanted to cut down: Zhuan Xu City Wall is very strong and close to Ji's fief. If we don't take it now, it will leave a curse for the descendants of Ji in the future. The implication of this sentence is in favor of Ji's crusade, but it is just in contradiction with what I said before. This duplicitous and secretive attitude has angered Confucius even more. He first criticized You Ran's improper political quality: "A gentleman is ill, but he will say whatever he wants." It points out that You Ran's reason is to argue irrationally, and puts forward his fundamental political proposition, that is, "Anyone who has a state-owned family will not suffer from inequality because of widowhood, and will not be anxious because of poverty." There is no poverty, no poverty, and no peace. If the husband is so, people so far away will not accept it, so practice self-discipline. If you come, you will be safe. "Here, the ancient version of" not suffering from poverty but suffering from inequality "is wrong, and it should be" not suffering from poverty but suffering from inequality ",because" poverty "and" peace "refer to wealth," widowhood "and" security "refer to population, which can be proved below. Zhuan Xu was named "Lord of East Mongolia" by Lu Jun (former king). If the Ji family takes it, it will inevitably lead to social unrest and "uneasiness." Then, Confucius criticized You Ran and Lu Ji, saying that "it is wrong for people from far away to refuse to accept and not come, and for the country to fall apart without defending, but to seek war at home". At the end of the article, the sentence "I am afraid of internal troubles and foreign invasion, not in a corner, but in a small wall" shows Confucius' high political sensitivity and insight. Confucius has seen through that the ultimate goal of Ji's crusade is actually to weaken the strength of Lu and even usurp the political power of Lu. In this sense, Li's behavior is only a tentative demonstration by force, so the last sentence hit the nail on the head and pointed out Ji's conspiracy.
The full-text argument is distinct and prominent, the evidence is conclusive and powerful, there are arguments in criticism, there are criticisms in discussion, and criticism and theory are integrated. At the same time, the use of rhetorical devices such as metaphor, parallelism, backchat, calling and quoting is not only brilliant, sharp and vivid, but also has strong argumentation.
The double metaphor of "the tiger came out of the cradle and the turtle jade was destroyed in the rafters" in this metaphor, Confucius first compared Ji Jia to a tiger and compared him to a turtle jade. An attack is like a tiger coming out to hurt people. If you are attacked and destroyed in Lu, it is like a turtle and jade destroyed in a box. This metaphorical meaning strongly exposes Ji's greed, violence and immorality. The second is to compare the retainer of Ji's family to the keeper of tigers and the keeper of turtles and jade. There are cases where the tiger has a stroke and the tortoise and jade are destroyed in the rafters. The fault lies not in the tiger, turtle and jade, nor in the rafters, but in their custodians and custodians. Similarly, it is my responsibility to help you. This metaphorical meaning shows Confucius' serious criticism of his students.
[word definition]
1. A gentleman must say "what he wants" when he is ill. Remarks: excuses; Make excuses. She Yue: Forget it.
2, so far people are dissatisfied, then self-study morality. Woman: Obey.
3. What will you do if you don't seize the danger and help? Yan: interrogative pronoun, which can be translated as "where".
4, the same minister of a country, why was it cut? As a preposition, it can be translated as "by" and "according to".
5, so far people are dissatisfied, then self-study morality. With: Conjunction can be translated as "Lai" and "Er". Repair: attach importance to and improve.
6. Ji Hui has something to do with this matter. Thing: War.
7, today's husband, solid pro-fee. Solid: solid.
When you come, you will be safe. Come: "attract", attract, submit. Let's live in peace.
9, Chen Li listed, those who can't stop. Chen: Display and display. Just list: accept the position.
10, I'm afraid the internal distress is not in the corner, but inside Xiao Qiang. Small wall: a small wall facing the door in the monarch's palace, also called zhaobi. This refers to the court.
[knowledge point]
The Analects of Confucius: a collection of essays of China in the pre-Qin period, which mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, and is compiled from the records of Confucius' disciples or disciples.
Confucius: Qiu Ming, whose name was Zhong Ni, was born in Hu Yi (now Qufu) in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was a great thinker and educator in ancient China and the founder of Confucianism. The core of his thought is that "benevolence" advocates "kindness to others" and "self-denial and self-respect"
[Original translation]
Ji Kangzi intends to attack Zhuan Xu. You Ran and Lutz were summoned by Confucius and said, "Ji Kangzi wants to take military action against Zhuan Xu." Confucius said, "Please! I'm afraid I have to blame you. The first king made his monarch a priest of Dongmeng, which was already within the boundary. This is the courtiers of the country! Why attack it? "
You Ran said: "Ji Kangzi wants to do this, and neither of us courtiers wants to fight." Confucius said, "Please! Zhou Ren has a saying: if you can display your talents, you will accept the position; If you can't do it, you should resign. The blind can't stand and help, and the blind can't help when they fall. Why do you need a helper? What you said is wrong. Tigers and rhinos escaped from cages, and tortoise shells and jade were destroyed in boxes. Whose fault is this? "
You Ran said, "Today's battlements are very strong and close to Fei Yi. If we don't catch them now, it will surely become a worry for future generations. " Confucius said, "Please! Gentlemen hate people who don't say' I want it' but must make excuses for their actions. It is said that there are feudal lords, doctors, fiefs and fiefs, but there is no worry about less wealth, inequality between the rich and the poor, sparsely populated and unstable domestic situation. Because on average, wealth does not mean poverty; If the country is peaceful, it will not feel that the population is small; If the society is stable, the country will not overturn. If you do this, people far away will not submit, so you should improve moral education and make them submit. After submission, you should let them settle down. Now you two are assisting Ji Kangzi, but people from far away are disobedient but can't bring them back. The country is torn apart but can't be saved. Instead, they are planning to wage a war at home. I'm afraid Ji Sun's worries are not in the imperial court. "