The Imperial City Xiangfu Building Complex is divided into two parts: the inner city and the outer city, with 16 courtyard and 640 houses, with a total area of 36,580 square meters. Built in 1632, the inner city has eight courtyards, which is the architectural style of the Ming Dynasty.
The outer city was built in 1703, with front hall and back bedroom, left and right inner houses, academy, garden, boudoir, housekeeper's courtyard, river pavilion and so on. , beautifully laid out and beautifully carved.
The mansion of Emperor Kangxi Chen Tingjing.
Located in Beiliu Town, Yangcheng County, Shanxi Province, in the hinterland of Taihang Mountain, there is a castle-like building complex built on the mountain, with magnificent walls and simple and elegant houses.
It is said that this place was originally just a government office, which was built in the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty by Chen Tingjing's great-grandfather and Chen Tianyou, the provincial judge of the Ming Jiajing Dynasty in Shaanxi, at the beginning of the17th century. Later, Chen Tingjing's uncle Chen Chang expanded his refuge on 1633, and named it "Douzhuju".
The inner city wall is about 70 meters long from east to west, and about 160 meters long from north to south. There are five city gates, and the cribs are all over the city wall, and there are fortress buildings in important parts. On the commanding heights in the northeast and southeast corners, there are the Spring and Autumn Pavilion dedicated to the statue of Guan Gong, a righteous man, and the Wenchang Pavilion dedicated to the statue of Wenchang Emperor, the god who dominated the literary success in ancient China.
There is a cave for hiding soldiers around the city wall, also known as the cave for stationing soldiers. There are 125 caves on the fifth floor, which are made of bricks and stones. It is a subsidiary project of Heshan Building, the core defense building in the inner city.
According to local conditions, the Tibetan soldiers' caves are progressive step by step, and the three or five caves are connected, and the tunnels between the layers are connected, which is convenient for access and direct access to Chengtou. Both offensive and defensive, mainly used to station servants and porters in wartime.
To the north of the inner city is Heshan Building, which was built at 1632. It is the landmark building of the palace and the tallest building in the palace.
Heshan building is seven stories high and one underground. The floor plan is rectangular, with a length of15m, a width of10m and a height of 23m. The exterior wall of the building is uniform, while the interior is gradually decreasing. The whole Heshan Building has only one arch facing south and two fire doors.
The outer door is a stone gate, and the bar bolt behind the door can accommodate more than a thousand people to take refuge at the same time. Such a height and scale are extremely rare in Ming and Qing architecture. What is even more rare is that such a high-rise masonry building, after nearly 400 years of wind and rain, still stands tall and stands on one side, and there are no buildings around it that exceed its height so far.
As a fortress of civil military defense, the design of Heshan Building is very scientific and thoughtful. Heshan Building only has windows above the third floor, and the stone gate entering the fortress is hung above the second floor and connected to the ground through a suspension bridge.
The window in the middle of the third floor is also different from others. It is said that this entrance is the passage of Heshan Building, and people can put down ladders from this entrance to climb in and out.
At the top of Heshan Building, there are stacks and towers, which are convenient for observing the enemy's situation and defending the castle. The basement level goes deep underground, opening a secret tunnel to facilitate the transfer and escape. Heshan Building is also equipped with living facilities such as wells, mills and stone mills, and reserves a large amount of grain to cope with the possible long-term siege.
Although Heshan Building was built to avoid war, it can still be used for sightseeing at ordinary times, so it is also called "Yuefeng Building".
In addition to the Tibetan soldier cave and Heshan Tower, there are three types of buildings in the inner city of the imperial city: temples, houses and official residences. These architectural styles are quite different. Among them, the temple buildings include the Chen Ancestral Hall, the residential houses include Qilin Courtyard, Shideju and Shudeju, and the official private houses include Rongshan Gongfu and Fu.
1632, when the Chen family took refuge in Heshan Building, they hid their equipment and horses there and escaped a bullet. Because of this, the Chen family thinks this place is auspicious, so there are unicorn patterns on the stone beast next to the courtyard door and the screen wall in front of the door, commonly known as "Kirin Courtyard".
There is a plaque hanging in the main hall of Qilin Pavilion, which reads "Rong De Palace" in three Chinese characters.
Shideju, also known as Shideyuan, is a residential building in the inner city, which consists of three courtyards. It was built during Zheng De's reign in Ming Dynasty, and it has been more than 400 years. It is the earliest existing building in the imperial city.
In the late Ming Dynasty, Chen Tingjing's father, Chen Changqi, became the master here. 1638, Chen Tingjing was born in the hospital.
The courtyard is two parallel quadrangles in the east-west direction, and the main courtyard is surrounded by main rooms, wing rooms and inverted seats. The main room is a three-story building in the form of "Sanming and Five Darkness". The first floor of West Room is the birthplace of Chen Tingjing, the second floor is the library building, and the third floor is the Tibetan version building.
The wing and inverted seat are two floors, and the four corners of the courtyard are closed or open patios.
This kind of building is very unique and has some similarities with the "Wu He Siheyuan" in Yunnan, China. The ground in the yard is paved with plain bricks and stones. The northwest patio of the main courtyard is connected with the side courtyard, and there is no shadow wall in the door.
After Chen Tingjing was born, he, his eight brothers and his cousin Chen Yuan successively received the Confucian education in the Chen Chang period here, and they embarked on their official career. Therefore, Shideju is known as the birthplace of the prosperity of the Chen family.
Shudeju, also known as Shudeyuan, located in the northeast corner of Inner City, was built in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. The general shape of quadrangles is similar to that of quadrangles in the world. The layout of the partial hospital is basically the same as that of the general hospital.
Rongshan House, the official private house in the inner city, faces south and consists of two courtyards. Each courtyard has a front room and a back room. All the houses are hard-topped with double eaves. The front yard is the reception room and the backyard is the inner room. This is the former residence of Chen's sixth ancestor and Chen's first scholar. It is also called "Clean Tour".
Another official private residence in the inner city, Master Yu, is the former residence of Uncle Chen. Because its official position is the suggestion of Duchayuan, it is called the suggestion court.
Due to the geographical limitation, the main building of Yushifu was built side by side with two houses, with the imperial court on the left and the inner hall on the right. There are four big characters on the sign of the main entrance building, which witnessed the integrity of the Chen family.
Chen is the second Jinshi of the Chen family, and his son Chen Yuan is the fourth Jinshi of the Chen family. The "Fighting Pig House" on the inner city gate was inscribed by Chen. "Fighting pig" means that the castle is narrow and looks like a bucket, and "habitat" means that the security guards look for a safe place to live. These four words fully express the Chen family's desire and hope for a peaceful life in troubled times.
In addition to the Imperial Mansion, Chen Tingjing's uncle has a quadrangle called "Zhongheju" in the inner city of Xiangfu.
This small courtyard is a typical quadrangle. There is a plaque on the lintel of the gate, which reads the three characters "Zhongheju". A principal room and two wing rooms in the yard are two-story buildings with three rooms wide.
It is said that Chen Yisheng believed in the word "Zhonghe" and named his yard "Zhongheju".
It is particularly worth mentioning that there is also a famous Zhiyuan Garden in the inner city of Xiangfu, which is the largest garden of the Chen family and covers an area of nearly 1 1 000 square meters. There are pavilions, ponds, rockeries and corridors in the courtyard, which is the place where the masters of the Xiang government often call literati to drink and compose poems to cultivate their sentiments.
In this garden, there is also an academy called Nan Academy, also known as Zhiyuan Bookstore. This bookstore was built in Shunzhi period of Qing Dynasty. It's a two-story courtyard with a large scale. The main building is a three-story building with two two-story wings on both sides. This place is the cradle of Chen's children studying literature, Confucianism and entering the imperial examination in the imperial city.
In addition, Chen Tingjing, who assisted Kangxi in 5 1, was not only a politician who made important contributions to the prosperity of Kanggan, but also a great scholar in the early Qing Dynasty. In addition to his own works such as Wu Ting Wen Bian, he was also responsible for compiling Kangxi Dictionary, which received the most words in China. His son, Chen Zhuanglu, also participated in this cultural project. The father and son collaborated to write a dictionary, which was circulated for some time.
Huangcheng xiangfu main gate