Civil affairs work is social management and social services carried out by civil affairs departments at all levels and their competent service institutions by administrative means and service methods according to the responsibilities entrusted by the party and the government. At present, it is mainly divided into four aspects: social welfare and social assistance, service for national defense and army building, grass-roots political power and community building, and special social affairs management. The civil affairs department is an important social stability mechanism of the party and the government, which plays a functional role in solving social problems, mediating social contradictions, maintaining social equity, developing social democracy, safeguarding the basic rights and interests of special groups, vulnerable groups and entitled groups, and maintaining social stability. At the 12th National Civil Affairs Conference, civil affairs work was recognized as an important basic work for building a harmonious socialist society.
Social work is a professional occupation with the aim of "helping others to help themselves", following professional ethics, and comprehensively using professional methods such as case work, group work, community work and social welfare administration to help individuals, families, groups, organizations and communities in need solve social problems and difficulties and restore social functions. People who take social work as their occupation are called social workers, or "social workers" for short.
The Sixth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee decided that "building a huge contingent of social work talents" is an urgent need to build a harmonious socialist society. It is necessary to set up social work posts, "attract social work talents through multiple channels and improve the level of professional social services". After the Sixth Plenary Session, led by the Civil Affairs Department, a promotion meeting for the construction of social work talents in the national civil administration system was held in Shenzhen from June 5438 to February 2006. At present, the civil affairs department is making every effort to promote social work and the construction of its talent team in the national civil affairs system. So what is the relationship between social work and the construction of its talent team and civil affairs work? What does it mean for the civil administration system to promote social work? How to popularize social work in the civil administration system is a problem worthy of serious consideration. String 7
First, the analysis of the relationship between civil affairs and social work
From the above meanings of civil affairs and social work, we can see that civil affairs and social work are closely related:
1, there are essential similarities between civil affairs work and social work. From the mission of civil affairs work and social work, it is the same. Civil affairs work is based on the values of "people-oriented" and follows the concept of "people-oriented, solving problems for the people and serving the people". Social work also provides services based on the "people-oriented" values. Whether it is civil affairs or social work, we are concerned about the value and needs of the clients. From the service object and work content, both of them provide welfare services for the disadvantaged groups, vulnerable groups, special groups and other groups. In terms of work content and methods, both of them carry out assistance activities in the form of service. From the service function, both of them have the function of helping others.
2. There are obvious differences between civil work and social work. From the service concept, civil affairs pays attention to administration and service according to law on behalf of the party and the government; Social work follows professional ethics such as "helping others to help themselves", "equality", "respect", "acceptance" and "autonomy of the parties", emphasizing equal status with the parties, so that the parties can stand on their own feet. From the service content, the civil affairs department also has a large number of other social affairs, such as civil organization management, administrative division management, marriage registration and other social management functions, and social work mainly provides professional services for the clients. From the service mode, at present, China's civil affairs work mainly provides different help to different objects, mainly distributing money and materials to the affected objects and low-income households, poor households, special care recipients and five-guarantee households. That is, to help people with relief, to provide life care services for urban "three noes" and rural "five guarantees", that is, to help people with service; Social work mainly uses professional methods such as case work, group work, community work and social welfare administration to help others. From the perspective of service function, at present, China's civil affairs work is mainly based on rescue and security functions, while international popular social work is mainly based on welfare and service functions.
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From the above comparison, we can easily see (1) that there is no essential difference between civil work and social work, so Mr. Lei Jieqiong once brilliantly said that "civil work is a social work with China characteristics". In fact, from the source and history of the development of social work specialty, it is the result of the development of charity and social assistance from the initial relief and material security to high-level, professional and service-oriented direction. Judging from the current development level of civil affairs, it can be regarded as an early stage similar to the development of social work. Although the stages are different, the essence is the same. The author believes that social work is the professional foundation of civil affairs, just as any profession has its professional support. In modern society, social work is used to provide services in a wide range of fields, from social welfare, social assistance, social charity, special care and resettlement, community building, rehabilitation of the disabled to youth services, medical services, judicial correction, family comprehensive services and other fields, involving many departments, but no field needs social work as widely as the civil affairs field, and takes it as the core professional support, and no department takes social work as the main and basic professional guidance like the civil affairs department. Such as education, health, justice, labor and other fields also need social work, but they all need a small part to play a supporting role. In the field and scope of civil affairs, not only a large number of social workers are needed, but also social work is regarded as the core specialty. Social work plays a core and basic role in formulating policies and organizing implementation in the field and scope of civil affairs. (2) Civil affairs work and social work are really different. The author summarizes the relationship between "subject" and "application", that is, civil affairs work (including various social welfare services carried out by local workers, young women and other departments and groups) is the subject and the business field. When it comes to civil affairs, we first think of social welfare, social assistance, special care and resettlement, community building and other business areas; Social work is a major, a professional ethics, theory and method that people have summarized and refined from long-term social service practice, and a highly practical professional technology. When we talk about social work, we first think of professional theories and methods such as case work, group work and community work, rather than the main areas of work.
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Second, the analysis of the significance of introducing social work into civil affairs work
According to the above analysis of the relationship between civil affairs and social work, it can be seen that the introduction of social work into civil affairs is actually two aspects of a process:
On the one hand, it is the social work of civil affairs, that is, social work should be regarded as the professional support in the field of civil affairs business, and the professional concept and service mode of social work should be introduced into various civil affairs business fields, so that civil affairs work can develop in the direction of specialization, professionalization and standardization. On the other hand, it is the localization of international social work specialty, that is, combining with the business practice in China, taking root, making social work move from learning to practice, developing specialty and serving the society.
As far as civil social work is concerned, I think there will be three results:
The first is to further enrich the connotation of civil affairs work. In other words, introducing social work concepts and methods into the existing civil affairs work will greatly enrich and expand the original business work. If social work is introduced into the field of social welfare services, we can develop the service from the physical needs of the clients themselves to the psychological and spiritual needs of the clients, from the clients themselves to the situation of their families and communities, and from the clients themselves to the mutual service of the staff themselves. Introducing social work into the field of temporary assistance for vagrants and beggars who have no life can help us and the clients find the real problems of the clients from the simple cycle of "sending them back and running out", and solve them thoroughly by inspiring individuals and coordinating families and communities. Introducing social work into disaster relief can make us jump out of the traditional relief mode with material relief as the main focus and pay more attention to the psychological and material damage caused by disasters to the victims, thus providing all-round relief. Introducing social work into the field of adoption services can make us pay attention to the needs of adopted children, not the needs of adopted families. The introduction of social work in the field of prosthesis assembly service can make us change from just helping the disabled to install prostheses to solve their physiological needs to caring for and assisting their individuals and families to solve social adaptation problems.
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The second is to further expand the extension of civil affairs work. That is, expanding the scope and service areas of civil affairs work. We know that civil affairs work mainly focuses on material assistance, and special group services such as "three noes" in cities, "five guarantees" in rural areas, victims, subsistence allowances and special care belong to the surplus welfare model. After the introduction of social work, we can observe the needs of the society from the perspective of social work, examine the services we provide, find out the shortcomings and expand the services. For example, at present, the per capita GDP of China is from US$ 65,438+US$ 0,000 to US$ 3,000, which is a typical "golden development period" and "prominent contradiction period". At present, the problems of migrant workers, the elderly, single-parent families, domestic violence and left-behind children in China are both common and acute. If they are not handled well, they will inevitably lead to social unrest, not to mention social harmony, and even basic social stability can hardly be guaranteed. Therefore, from the perspective of social work, with the needs of social development, under the premise of government financial support, civil affairs work must further expand the service field to serve all individuals, families, groups, organizations and communities in need. For example, the comprehensive family service now is a service area that needs our special attention. Many problems (such as the elderly, single-parent families, domestic violence, community correction, left-behind children, etc. ) are all reflected by the family. If the community service center built a few years ago can be transformed into a major social work organization, and professional social work oriented to family needs can be widely carried out through the way of government purchasing services, it will certainly promote family stability and community harmony. String 5
Third, it objectively meets the needs of people's lives and the needs of building a harmonious society. People's needs are diversified and personalized. Introducing social work and engaging in civil affairs services with the concepts of "helping others to help themselves", "equality" and "acceptance" and professional methods such as "case work", "group work" and "community work" will certainly meet the needs of the clients and promote social harmony.
Thirdly, the analysis of the ways of introducing social work into civil affairs work.
How to introduce social work into civil affairs work, the author thinks there are three aspects.
First of all, we should fully understand the necessity and importance of introducing social work concepts and methods into specific business fields. The introduction of social work into civil affairs is neither a form nor an independent business (of course, it does not rule out that many new business fields will be opened up after the introduction of social work), but the concept and method of social work will be introduced into existing social welfare, social assistance, social charity, special care and resettlement, rehabilitation of the disabled and other businesses to update the service concept, enrich the business connotation and improve the service level. Raising awareness is the foundation and premise. Without a real awareness of social work, it is impossible to really introduce social work into the field of commercial services.
Secondly, provide professional education and training for civil affairs business and service teams within the scope of civil affairs. Since we realize the necessity and importance of social work in civil affairs, and that social work is the core and basic specialty of civil affairs, and it plays a leading, planning, organizing, coordinating and promoting role in specific services, it is necessary to organize all civil affairs service teams to train social work professional values, knowledge and methods, so that all civil affairs staff can master social work concepts and basic methods and apply them flexibly in practical work. String 1
Third, actively study and set up full-time social worker posts. In China, at present, various institutions providing public welfare social services are the main carriers. Therefore, the main symbol and important achievement of introducing social work is to study the establishment of full-time social work posts in various institutions that provide social service functions and bring them into the management of professional and technical posts. It is necessary to study and formulate the job title, professional level, structural proportion, scope of work, responsibilities and qualification requirements of full-time social workers, and guide everyone to engage in professional social work by training existing staff and attracting social work graduates to actively participate in the national professional level examination for assistant social workers and social workers.
Fourth, boldly innovate, be brave in pilot exploration, and vigorously develop private non-profit professional social service institutions. With the continuous development of economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, people's requirements for professional social services are becoming more and more diversified. As a government functional department providing social welfare, social assistance and special social affairs, the civil affairs department is bound to have more and more responsibilities and tasks, but it is impossible to do everything, regardless of politics and society. Therefore, we must further deepen the socialization reform of social welfare, establish a social management system that meets the requirements of the socialist market economy, and make it clear that government functional departments and social service institutions provide professional societies respectively. On the one hand, strengthen the administrative function of civil affairs departments in administration according to law, weaken and gradually withdraw from specific social service fields; On the other hand, we should formulate policies to encourage, support and standardize development, promote the development of private professional social work institutions, strengthen management and supervision, better meet the needs of people's lives, and better promote "social construction", one of the four major constructions in China, making it an important breakthrough to solve the coordinated development of economy and society and making positive contributions to building a harmonious socialist society.