Papers on social issues 1
Analysis of Problems in Social News Reporting
Social news can be said to be the spice of people's daily life. However, with the increasingly fierce competition among media, the development of social news deviates from the development track, the trend of vulgarization is gradually expanding, and the due functions of social news are being weakened. This paper analyzes the countermeasures for the development of social news from four aspects: grasping the subject matter, grasping the form, grasping the entertainment and grasping the opportunity of reporting.
Keywords social news; There is a problem; development tactics
Social news can be said to be a condiment in people's daily life. With this perfume, people can unconsciously enrich their knowledge and accumulate information resources, so as to gain more communication space in daily communication, and at the same time, they can subtly influence people's cognitive style and give guidance to people's behavior.
However, with the increasingly fierce competition among media, the development of social news has deviated from the development track, the trend of vulgarization has gradually expanded, and the due functions of social news are being weakened. How to develop social news healthily has become an important link in the development of media, and it is also a problem that the media attaches importance to.
First, the problems existing in social news reports.
First, there are a lot of absurd and exaggerated reports in the report, which have caused bad social consequences. The reporting media that exaggerates the novelty is only to attract the audience, without considering the social impact.
Secondly, many scenes of crime and violence are described and exaggerated in detail, creating a media far from the real social environment? Simulated environment? , resulting in social members' cognitive deviation of the social environment and thinking that they live in an unsafe social environment.
Third, the timing of some social news reports is inappropriate. Although social news mainly focuses on daily social life, it will also have an impact on the audience's cognition. Therefore, the improper timing of reporting can not only lead the audience's cognition, but will produce the opposite result.
Fourth, most of the reported topics are trivial and cannot produce positive social effects. Social news audience has a large market, a large amount of information, and is enlightening and instructive. The audience accepts social news because it can bring them knowledge and interest. If the subject matter is trivial and cannot bring new things to the audience, it will not have a positive impact on the audience and the value of social news will be greatly reduced.
Second, the development of social news countermeasures
1, grasp the degree of reporting theme.
The choice of social news should be close to life, close to the audience, report things around the people and pay attention to their daily lives. But not all trivial things are moved to news reports. Such news is meaningless and can't inspire and guide the audience. At the same time, it will make the audience feel that news reports are boring. In this way, the audience will be unconsciously lost. Social news should be good at tracking social hot spots and difficulties and conform to social moral standards. This news story should have its moral principles, right? Hero? People's reports used to be the focus of social reports, even including moral factors, which stimulated people's moral consciousness.
2. Grasp the degree of reporting form.
Fierce competition makes the content of social news increasingly vulgar, and pornographic news, crime and violence reports occupy many pages. The form of the report also matches the content of the report, the title is prominent in various forms, and various inappropriate words also appear in the title of the report. The content of the report is described in more detail, especially when describing many violent scenes, which is likely to provide a model for some people to imitate, leading to violent incidents, especially for some teenagers.
Therefore, it is very important to grasp the degree of statements. The form of news reporting can reflect the style of a media, that is, its own characteristics, and having its own characteristics is also a weight to attract audiences. For social news, the media can take the way that the audience likes when reporting. Like doesn't mean exaggeration and exaggeration. From the audience's point of view, it is not necessary to use words that stimulate people's visual senses to grasp the audience's psychology and analyze the forms that the audience is most likely to accept.
3. Grasp the entertainment degree of social news.
Properly grasping the entertainment degree of social news can attract the audience to read news stories, and may also play an entertainment role. Liang Dong, a famous host of Phoenix TV, said: The expression of entertainment can bring people happiness and thinking, and thinking itself is a happy thing? However, the entertainment of social news does not mean entertainment news, which is mainly reflected in the way of expression. Although some social news can produce certain entertainment effects, if the degree of entertainment is not well grasped, news stories will become vulgar and lose their own meaning. The degree of entertainment is not only reflected in the expression of news stories, but also in the selection of news stories? Quantity? Let's go When the entertainment degree of social news on the home page exceeds a certain limit, it will reduce the cultural taste of the media itself and at the same time discount the image of the media itself. With the development of the Internet, there are more and more channels for the audience to obtain information. When the news information of a media cannot meet the needs of the audience, the audience will naturally choose other ways to obtain information. The audience has their own cognition and judgment on one thing, which requires not only entertaining social news but also more knowledge. The media can no longer regard the audience as a group of people who only know how to pursue entertainment.
4. Grasp the reporting opportunity.
Everything has its reason, but not everything is timely. Although social news is a daily thing that happens around people, we should also pay attention to its timing. If the timing is wrong, it will not have a good communication effect, and it may also turn the news into fake news. News emphasizes effectiveness, but timeliness should also be combined with reality, so that the function of social news can be maximized and the bad social impact will not be caused by the wrong reporting opportunity. The key to seize the opportunity is to correctly analyze the social environment, conform to the mainstream of society and make the society develop steadily.
Three. conclusion
There's a saying? Too much? Will you also seek the right thing in philosophy? Degree? Grasp, because beyond a certain limit, the quality of things will change, and good things may turn into bad things. At present, the biggest problem of social news is that it can't fully grasp the degree of news stories. Therefore, in the development process of social news, to overcome the problems existing in social news, we must grasp the degree, so that social news can develop healthily, and the audience can acquire knowledge, have fun, be inspired and have a correct understanding of the pluralistic social environment.
refer to
[1] Wang Hao, Jin Xin. Depth: the indispensable essence of social news [J]. News communication, June 2007.
Social problems paper II
Analysis on the Problems of Social Supervision in China
Abstract: Social supervision is playing an increasingly important role in China, but it is not satisfactory in many aspects. This paper mainly studies the problems existing in social supervision in China, and analyzes its causes, so as to put forward better ways to improve it.
Keywords: social supervision; Citizen supervision; News supervision by public opinion
Administrative law enforcement is the main link to promote administration according to law. At present, there are many problems in administrative law enforcement, one of which is the lack of effective supervision over the exercise of administrative law enforcement power. In China, the supervision of political power within the political power system, that is, political party supervision and state supervision; Political power supervision outside the political power system, that is, social supervision, includes citizen supervision, social group supervision, interest group supervision and news public opinion supervision. With the enhancement of people's subjective consciousness and participation consciousness, and the improvement of openness and transparency of administrative law enforcement, the role of social supervision will become stronger and stronger, but at present, the social supervision of administrative law enforcement in China is still not satisfactory.
First, social supervision is not enough.
1. The citizen supervision consciousness is weak and the citizen supervision system is not perfect.
Citizen supervision refers to a kind of supervision exercised by citizens over state organs and their public officials through criticism, suggestions, reports, complaints and appeals. Obviously, it is a kind of non-state supervision, which has no strict legal form and no mandatory legal consequences. However, this kind of supervision can attract the attention of state organs, relevant state supervisory organs and judicial organs to a great extent, thus leading to the operation with compulsory supervision means. Citizen supervision has extensive characteristics, is an indispensable link and foundation in the whole supervision system, and is also the embodiment of people's democracy. Citizen supervision is conducive to promoting democratic supervision and ensuring the correctness of decision-making and decision-making implementation by state organs. It is conducive to developing socialist democracy and improving the socialist legal system; It is conducive to preventing power corruption and establishing social justice.
Our country is in the primary stage of socialism, and it is not a complete society ruled by law. There are still many phenomena of rule by man, feudal ideas still exist, citizens' scientific and cultural level is not high, and retaliation by those in power is common. All these lead to our citizens' lack of supervision consciousness or weak supervision consciousness, which directly affects the effective supervision of state organs and their staff and causes very serious abuse of power. Some don't want to supervise, don't want to supervise. If some citizens know that they have the right to supervise the government and understand that they should be supervised, then they are subject to a so-called? To protect ourselves? The influence of philosophy of life and various feudal thoughts. It's none of your business. Hang high? Take a negative attitude of turning a blind eye. Others dare not supervise and will not supervise.
Some citizens are afraid of the power of those in power, revenge, getting into trouble and supervision. Citizens' supervision in the true sense should have a fearless spirit ―― in order to safeguard their own rights and interests or the rights and interests of the state and the collective, they dare to face those in power and expose their crimes. Therefore, China should strengthen publicity and education, improve citizens' scientific and cultural quality and legal quality, severely punish corruption and create a good supervision environment. Although the present situation of our citizens' supervision consciousness is not optimistic, we should also see that our citizens' supervision consciousness is increasing day by day, and more and more citizens are participating in supervision, which will further promote the construction of our democratic politics.
In addition, the weak consciousness of citizen supervision is also closely related to the imperfection of the laws and systems of citizen supervision in China. As a kind of supervision, citizen supervision has its unique advantages. To give full play to its role, the fundamental way is to institutionalize and legalize it. At present, there are some problems in the legal system of citizen supervision in China, such as the lack of special law of citizen supervision, the lack of procedural law, the imperfect administrative supervision system and the imperfect guarantee system of citizen supervision right. The imperfection of these legal systems directly affects the effectiveness of citizen supervision, thus affecting the enhancement of citizen supervision consciousness. At present, China has established a system of letters and visits, a system of reporting, a system of criticism, suggestions, complaints and appeals, and achieved certain results in realizing democratic supervision of citizens.
2. Community supervision is weak or even lacking, and interest group supervision is not in place.
In the report of the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it is proposed to strengthen the role of social and political organizations and people's organizations in social supervision, so that they can truly represent the special interests of specific social strata and exercise strong supervision over the activities of state organs. However, over the years, due to the separation of party and government, the relative independence of social and political organizations and people's organizations has weakened, which has led to the deterioration of the overall supervision function of social organizations. They pay more attention to how to keep consistent with the behavior of the ruling party and government, and do not pay attention to representing the special interests of specific classes, so their supervisory role cannot be fully exerted.
From the reality, the cooperation between interest groups and between interest groups and the government is high, which has obvious social and non-political characteristics and is highly dependent on the government and the ruling party. These two characteristics have caused the supervision of interest groups in China to be inadequate. This is because China does not have the social and political environment for effective supervision by interest groups. Interest groups express their interests to the government, hoping to influence the government's policies by expressing their interest demands, so that the formulation and implementation of policies are conducive to the realization of the group's interests, and supervise whether the government is fair and just in policy formulation and policy implementation in the interest demands.
China's political system is changing from a highly centralized political system to a democratic one. However, in the process of this change, the political operation mechanism that can accommodate the interests of different stakeholders and balance the interests in political decision-making has not been fully established, and the supervision function of interest groups themselves cannot play a good role. At the same time, we should also see that China's interest groups have been incorporated into the government organizational system from the beginning and become subordinate institutions of the government management department, which has the characteristics of endogenous dependence and compromise. Therefore, the sense of supervision over government behavior is relatively weak. Only when they reach a certain scale and have relative independence can their supervisory functions be effectively exerted.
Therefore, China should strengthen and improve the party's leadership over mass organizations and interest groups and promote the process of building socialist political civilization; Optimize the community structure, so that the community can effectively express and aggregate interests; Improve the legal status of community supervision and interest groups, adjust the content and form of community supervision and interest groups, and increase their supervision.
3. There are too many restrictions on the supervision of news public opinion and its effectiveness is insufficient.
In China, the news media is the mouthpiece of the party and the country, so we should take the overall situation into consideration, carry forward the main theme and adhere to the policy of giving priority to positive reports. But this also makes most media, when reporting some negative things, often not bold enough, not timely enough, not complete enough, and its public opinion role has limited influence and pressure on law enforcement departments. Moreover, there are too many restrictive factors in the supervision of news public opinion. First of all, there are too many administrative interventions. Criticism, exposure, supervision and other major issues must be approved by the competent authorities, lacking the necessary independence, and it is difficult to play the leading role of social supervision.
Secondly, the legislation of news supervision by public opinion is seriously lagging behind. China's legislation in the field of news is relatively backward, and there is a lack of clear legal definition of various behaviors and problems in news practice, which not only makes public opinion supervision lack legal basis, but also makes some journalists suffer retaliation in public opinion supervision, and the subject of supervision cannot effectively implement public opinion supervision. Judging from the present situation, China's news public opinion supervision has developed rapidly, and its position in China's political supervision mechanism is gradually rising, but it still needs to be improved. First of all, we must win the support of party committees and governments at all levels. Secondly, we should establish a complete and reasonable news legal system. Accelerate the legislation of news media supervision, make clear and specific provisions on supervision, peer review, criticism, interview and reporting procedures and methods, tort liability, etc. in legal form, expand the scope of news media supervision, increase the intensity of news media supervision, and enhance its authority and effectiveness. Only in this way can the supervision of news and public opinion play its due role.
Second, the regulatory channels are not smooth.
When citizens take normal channels for supervision, if the channels are not smooth, that is, complaints, accusations and reports have nowhere to complain or problems reflected cannot be answered or dealt with in time, this kind of supervision will be transformed into abnormal channels, such as sitting in front of the government and blocking traffic, which is the external manifestation of this abnormal channel. Poor supervision channels will seriously dampen the enthusiasm of citizens for supervision, which is not conducive to the enhancement of citizens' awareness of supervision. Because of personal problems, some people often can't seriously accept letters and visits from their peers or superiors, or can't handle them in time, which leads to loss of confidence in supervision. Due to the lack of mass supervision, the pressure on administrative law enforcement departments is very small.
In some places and departments of our country, on the surface, the reporting boxes, telephone numbers, channels for letters and visits, reception days and other systems of leading cadres are complete, but the reporting boxes are not opened for several months or even half a year, and it is common for letters and visits departments to suppress letters and break promises. Letters and visits are the most common way to express public opinion in China, but in practice, there are contradictions between a large number of people's letters and visits and a few cases filed for settlement. Moreover, the power of letters and visits is limited and inefficient, which is far from the people's desire for relief.
There are few legal rights relief mechanisms in China, and letters and visits have almost become the main channel of rights relief. However, because the complaint reporting department in China is not a specialized agency, let alone a judicial organ, but a department set up within state organs at all levels, it lacks binding force on functional departments, and is poorly coordinated with judicial supervision and other forms of supervision, which is seriously out of touch. The petition department only accepts and receives letters and visits from the masses, and does not guarantee the solution of the problem. Its power is limited and its efficiency is low. The inefficiency of letters and visits will inevitably lead to a large number of people's rights relief can not be realized. Therefore, in order to smooth the channels of supervision, the legal system should be used to clarify the functions of social supervision; Strengthen the supervision of cadres and improve the working mechanism of personnel appointment and dismissal; Strengthen the combination of citizen supervision and people's supervision, and establish the supervisor system of the people's congress; Ensure the smooth channels of letters and visits, and set up a special department to handle letters and visits.
Third, the transparency of government behavior is low.
The premise of social supervision is to enhance the transparency of government activities and protect the public's right to know and participate. This is not only the essential requirement of socialist democracy, but also an effective means to prevent corruption. Therefore, this requires that the openness of government affairs be fully implemented nationwide, but it is undeniable that there are also some problems in the implementation process. From the operating mechanism of government management:
1. Up to now, there is no relatively perfect and effective government affairs disclosure regulations and property declaration system;
2. The operating procedures for making government affairs public have not yet been established. Although there are many ways to make it public, there is no unified regulation, no unified content and standard. The subject of rights can't clearly know what the authorities are aiming at, how to make it public, and can't quickly understand the information they want to know.
3. The transparency of government behavior is low, and the higher the transparency, the lower the transparency;
4. Open content is superficial and formal. Mainly manifested in three aspects: first, the openness of government affairs is mostly an administrative result, not an administrative behavior process; Second, the administrative examination and approval and administrative fees directly related to the rights and interests of the administrative counterpart lack transparency; Third, some propaganda only plays a decorative role and has no substantive content.
For example, everyone has a lot of published information, even if it is useful, it is only beneficial to government departments, and the scope of services is small, while ordinary citizens are still excluded. In fact, the information disclosure of many institutions is only a superficial form of work to cope with the inspection by superior leaders. In addition, the content is outdated, especially the government's network engineering. After a few months, the old information is still on it. Therefore, in the absence of necessary laws, regulations and systems, it is not only difficult for the content to be complete, but also the authenticity and timeliness of the disclosed government information can not be guaranteed. It is particularly important to introduce relevant laws and regulations. In addition, we should also establish and improve the evaluation system of government affairs openness, and establish and improve the accountability system that is suitable for government affairs openness, so as to eliminate the difficulties existing in government affairs openness in China and promote the development of government affairs openness to a deeper and broader level.
From the above analysis, there are still many defects in social supervision in China. There is still a big gap between the people's democratic rights expounded in socialist theory and the actual exercise of people's democratic rights. There are still many shortcomings in the social supervision mechanism. The function of social supervision has not been brought into full play, and sometimes there are phenomena of lack of supervision, empty supervision and weak supervision. There is still a long way to go to solve these problems.
[References]
[1] Analysis of the Problems and Causes of Social Supervision in China Lu Yana, Jiangsu Social Sciences, No.2, 2007.
[2] On the Consciousness of Citizen Supervision, Journal of Li Hongmei Cao Jun Li Manwei and Hotan Teachers College (Chinese Comprehensive Edition), Volume 27,No. 1, 2007.
[3] "Problems and Countermeasures in the Openness of Government Affairs in China" Journal of Changsha University, Zhang Yonggang Edition, July 2008.
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