China Geological Survey is the only organization in China that organizes the research, development, popularization and application of non-profit geological drilling technology. Since the establishment of 1999, a lot of work has been done in the research, development, popularization and application of geological drilling technology, and remarkable achievements have been made, which has played a good role in promoting the development of geological drilling technology in China. Facing the new situation of great development of geological work and the requirement of realizing the goal of modernization of geological work, the author has some immature ideas on how to develop geological drilling technology and how to better support geological work, hoping to attract more attention and discuss the development of geological drilling technology with you.
1 Requirements of geological work on drilling technology
At present, China's mineral resources are in short supply, and the resource problem has become a bottleneck problem restricting national construction and national economic development, which has attracted great attention from the national government and leaders. Among the main tasks of geological work put forward in the State Council's Decision on Strengthening Geological Work, highlighting energy mineral exploration and strengthening non-energy important mineral exploration are two primary tasks. The state has invested a lot of money in this regard. In addition to the special fund for land and resources survey being implemented, the special fund for replacement resources exploration and geological exploration of crisis mines have also been launched. In addition, localities and even individuals have shown great enthusiasm for exploration and actively invested. In recent years, with the strengthening of geological work, the workload of geological drilling has doubled, and the annual drilling workload of some provinces and regions has reached several hundred thousand meters. The sources of funds for drilling projects include land and resources survey, mineral resources compensation fees, central financial subsidies, provincial resources compensation fees, local financial subsidies and market projects. With the increase of drilling workload, the demand for drilling equipment and technology also increases.
2 Application status of geological drilling technology
Compared with the advanced drilling technology in the world, the overall level of geological exploration drilling technology in China is still relatively backward. The vertical shaft coring rig is mainly used for drilling construction, which was basically designed around the 1980s. Modern full-hydraulic power head drilling rigs rely on imports, and products developed in China have begun to appear, but they have not been widely used. There are only a few drilling rigs with drilling depth (1000m), and they have not yet formed a series. In terms of drilling technology, some advanced drilling techniques and methods have not been popularized and applied. Although diamond rope coring drilling method has been widely used, it has not been widely promoted. Although the advantages of hydraulic hammer drilling (hydraulic percussion rotary drilling) have been recognized by people, its application in geological drilling is less due to some problems in the reliability and service life of drilling tools when used in harsh mud conditions and the decline of drilling site management level in recent years. Some advanced drilling techniques and methods with good prospects, such as wireline coring hydraulic hammer drilling method and bit replacement without drilling, have been successfully developed, but they are rarely used in practice. Although the air reverse circulation sampling drilling method has the characteristics of high efficiency and low cost, it has not been popularized so far because it has not been recognized by geologists. In addition, the technology of retaining wall and inclinometer used in geological drilling construction is basically at the level of about 80' s. Due to the low level of drilling technology, the efficiency and effect of drilling in geological exploration are not ideal, which is characterized by low efficiency, many drilling problems in complex strata, poor deep hole drilling ability and high drilling cost. The existence of these problems affects the technical support of drilling technology to geological work.
3 geological drilling technology development goals
The author thinks that when considering the development goal of geological drilling technology, it should be divided into three stages: short-term, medium-term and long-term The division principle is: short-term to 20 10, medium-and long-term to 2020, and long-term to 2050.
3. 1 Long-term (to 2050) goal
Realizing the modernization of geological drilling technology should be the long-term goal of drilling technology development. In the Decision of the State Council on Strengthening Geological Work and the important instructions of the State Council and Wen Jiabao on implementing the decision, it is clearly proposed to realize the modernization of geological work. At present, there is no unified definition of the modernization of geological work. The author's understanding is that the symbol of the modernization of geological work should be that geological exploration technology with advanced level in the modern world is widely used in geological work. Drilling technology is one of the types of geological exploration technology, and the modernization of geological drilling technology should also meet this standard. However, the realization of this goal is a long-term and arduous task, because only after the overall industrial technology level of the country reaches the world advanced level can China's geological drilling technology reach the world advanced level as a whole, and the modernization of geological drilling technology should be basically synchronized with the national modernization. When introducing the three-step strategy of China's modernization, Comrade Deng Xiaoping clearly pointed out that by 2050, China will basically realize modernization and reach the level of moderately developed countries in the world. 1999101on October 22nd, Jiang Zemin, then president, announced to the public in a speech at Cambridge University in England: Our goal is to basically realize modernization by the middle of the next century, that is, the centenary of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC). In view of this, the modernization of geological drilling technology in China should be realized in the middle of 2 1 century.
3.2 Medium-and long-term (to 2020) goals
The medium and long-term (by 2020) goals of the development of geological drilling technology should be: the independent innovation ability is significantly enhanced, the level of geological drilling technology is significantly improved, the new drilling equipment and advanced drilling technology independently developed are widely popularized and applied, and the drilling equipment and construction technology are generally close to the level of developed countries.
3.3 Short-term target (to 20 10)
The short-term (to 20 10) goals of the development of geological drilling technology should be: to initially complete the development of a new generation of geological core drilling equipment series within 2000m depth; Improve and perfect a number of advanced drilling technologies and methods to reach the level of popularization and application; A number of research results of deep hole drilling, complex formation drilling and high precision directional drilling technology have been obtained; Successfully developed a modern fully hydraulic power head drilling rig for drilling deep water wells and coalbed methane wells; The transformation and popularization of scientific and technological achievements in geological drilling have achieved remarkable results.
4. Key points of recent geological drilling technology research and development
The research and development of geological drilling technology recently organized by China Geological Survey is basically arranged according to the above short-term objectives, and the key research contents are as follows:
(1) A new generation of geological core drilling equipment series within the depth of 2000m; (2) Portable, efficient and multifunctional sampling drilling rig and its supporting drilling technology and instruments that meet the requirements of geochemical exploration and anomaly verification in the coverage area and adapt to complex formation conditions; (3) 1000m full hydraulic power head water well, coalbed methane well drilling rig and its supporting drilling technology and equipment; (4) Improve and perfect a number of advanced drilling technologies, including percussive rotary drilling, wireline coring percussive rotary drilling, bit replacement without drilling and deep hole wireline coring; (5) Solve drilling technical problems in complex formations, including wall protection and plugging in complex formations, coring in complex formations and other technical problems. (6) High-precision directional drilling technology, including the technology of improving borehole measurement accuracy and target accuracy and coring directional drilling technology in directional drilling construction; (7) Pre-study on the technical scheme of 10,000-meter scientific ultra-deep hole drilling. In addition to research and development, the popularization and application of new drilling methods and technologies is also one of the key points of drilling technology management of China Geological Survey. The following work is planned: ① Application training of new coring drilling tools; ② Application training of shallow sampling drilling technology in geological survey; ③ Application training of geological borehole survey technology; ④ Application training of new geological drilling mud system; ⑤ Application training of water-saving drilling technology; ⑥ Training and application demonstration of air reverse circulation coring drilling technology; ⑦ Application demonstration of vehicle-mounted shallow sampling drilling rig.
5 Several problems worth emphasizing
5. 1 Strengthening technological innovation
The core content of technological innovation is the invention and creation of science and technology, and its direct result is to promote scientific and technological progress, improve the development level of social productive forces, and then promote social and economic growth. Through technological innovation, we can realize technological leap-forward development and achieve remarkable technical and economic effects in a short time, thus solving some problems that are difficult to be solved by conventional methods. Here are two examples of remarkable achievements in drilling technology. The first example is Cora ultra-deep drilling. The industrial technology of the former Soviet Union is not as developed as that of western countries, but it is the only ultra-deep well in the world with a depth of more than 10,000 meters, which is12262 m. It is very difficult to drill a 10,000-meter ultra-deep well. The success of drilling this well benefited from a lot of drilling technology innovations made by the former Soviet Union during the construction of this well, among which three innovations that played a decisive role in the success or failure of drilling construction were: advance drilling open hole drilling method; Aluminum alloy drill pipe; Turbine motor bottom hole drive with reducer. The second example is a well drilled by Chinese mainland Scientific Drilling Engineering Department. This project will carry out 5000m continuous coring drilling in hard crystalline rock. This kind of construction has no precedent in China, and it is also a difficult drilling project internationally. During the construction of the well, a series of technical innovations were adopted, including casing and drilling procedures, coring drilling technology, reaming drilling technology and well deviation control technology, and finally efficient and high-quality construction results were obtained. Using screw motor-hydraulic hammer-diamond coring drilling method, the ROP is increased by more than 50%, and the return length is increased from 3m to 8 ~ 9m, which greatly saves the construction time and cost.
5.2 Strengthen the popularization and application of new methods and technologies.
The development and wide application of new methods and technologies in drilling construction usually takes a long time, and a lot of popularization and application work has been done. The popularization and application work includes publicity, on-site demonstration, technical training and technical exchange. The effect of these links will directly affect the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and the time required for their practical application, and affect the process of modernization of geological drilling technology. In order to achieve good results, the work should be carried out in a planned and organized way, because R&D units usually only consider the promotion and application work from their own interests and immediate interests, and the planning and organization of project work needs a global and long-term consideration. In recent years, the popularization and application of scientific and technological achievements is a weak link in all aspects of drilling technology research and application, and it is urgent to strengthen this work.
refer to
[1] Wang Da. Study on the development strategy of prospecting engineering (geological engineering) in the next 20 years [J]. Prospecting engineering (geotechnical drilling engineering), 2004,31(1).
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