Paper on Safety Management of Chemical Laboratory 1 Safety Management of Chemical Laboratory
Chemical experiment is an important way for students to verify scientific theory, train operation skills and cultivate scientific research and innovation ability, so we must pay attention to its safety management. In this paper, firstly, the safety management and accidents of chemical laboratory are summarized, and on this basis, how to strengthen the safety management of chemical laboratory is discussed.
Keywords: chemical laboratory, safety management, accident
China library classification number: TU7 14 document identification number: a.
I. Introduction
Laboratory is the main place for colleges and universities to cultivate innovative talents with practical ability. In recent years, with the deepening of students' extracurricular scientific and technological activities, innovative experimental projects and comprehensive design experiments, the traditional laboratory safety management model can no longer meet the needs of talent training in colleges and universities, and the relatively perfect chemical laboratory safety management model has brought good opportunities for talent training in colleges and universities. On the one hand, it provides inexhaustible motive force for the development of colleges and universities; On the other hand, colleges and universities should actively adapt to the new needs of the society for the cultivation of innovative talents.
Two, chemical laboratory safety management and safety accidents
1. Principles, contents and characteristics of laboratory safety management
The management of chemistry laboratory includes teaching management, software management and equipment management. The safety management of chemical laboratory not only permeates the above three management, but also runs through every link of scientific research activities and experimental teaching in colleges and universities. It is an independent and indispensable laboratory management content. Laboratory safety management should adhere to the principles of environmental protection and people-oriented. First of all, reduce the damage of experiments to the environment and avoid the pollution caused by chemical reagents. Secondly, adhere to the people-oriented principle, and regard the health of experimenters and indirect contact experimenters as the primary content of laboratory safety management.
Laboratory safety management includes two parts, namely laboratory safety hardware management and laboratory safety software management. The former refers to the safety management of experimental instruments and equipment, which requires laboratory managers to regularly overhaul experimental instruments and equipment, discover hidden dangers of experimental safety in time, and prevent experimental safety accidents. The latter emphasizes the construction of safety rules and regulations, safety responsibility and safety concept, and strengthens laboratory safety management from the system or ideological level. From a national perspective, the expansion of chemical laboratories has become a trend. In this context, laboratory safety management presents three new characteristics.
(1) The uncertainty of the experimental results in the chemical laboratory increases.
Most of the experiments carried out in the laboratory are exploratory experiments, except for a few that are confirmatory or routine. Therefore, based on the exploratory and unknown nature of the experiment, there are many uncertain factors or influencing factors in the experiment. The more experimental projects or the larger the scale, the more obvious the uncertainty? , thus increasing the risk of laboratory safety accidents.
(2) The complexity of chemical laboratory safety management has increased.
The new experimental tasks have different requirements for the experimental environment and conditions. For example, experiments need to be carried out in some high-pressure and ultra-vacuum environments, or more environmental problems need to be faced, such as scientific treatment of waste gas, waste water or solid waste. These new experimental tasks undoubtedly increase the complexity of laboratory safety management.
(3) The experimental accidents in the chemistry laboratory are extremely destructive.
The experimental layout in the laboratory is relatively concentrated, and different experimental projects are mixed in the same laboratory. Such a mixed experimental environment increases the extraordinary results of experimental safety accidents. Once an experimental safety accident occurs, the experimental pollution will quickly spread to the surrounding environment of the chemical laboratory, thus increasing the probability of secondary accidents.
2. Laboratory safety accident analysis
According to the causes of laboratory safety accidents, laboratory safety accidents can be divided into three types, namely, safety accidents caused by human factors, safety accidents caused by instruments and equipment and safety accidents caused by natural factors. Specifically, safety accidents caused by human factors include safety accidents caused by improper operation or negligence of experimenters, safety accidents caused by criminal acts and safety accidents caused by hostile elements. No matter what causes the safety accident, in reality, it can be manifested in the following five forms.
(1) Equipment damage accident
Chemical experiments are inseparable from the use of power supply. In some experiments that need to borrow power supply for heating, once the power is suddenly cut off, the running experimental instruments and equipment are easily damaged.
(2) Poisoning experiment accident
Poisoning experiment accidents generally occur in chemical experiments. Because the experimenter violates the operation standard or the experimental instrument is aging, the chemicals used in the experiment are easy to injure the experimenter by mistake. Toxic gases can also cause harm to contact personnel, and even some experimenters die because of contact with toxic experimental substances.
(3) Fire accident
Most fire accidents are caused by man. If the experimenter smokes in the laboratory or forgets to turn off the power supply of the laboratory, the experimental instruments and equipment will be charged for a long time and cause a fire.
(4) explosion accident
On the one hand, the explosion accident is caused by the misoperation of the experimenters, and on the other hand, because the experimental instruments and equipment are aging, the laboratory managers fail to find such faults in time, which leads to the leakage of dangerous goods from the experimental instruments and equipment and the explosion when they encounter high temperature environment or contact sparks.
(5) Mechanical and electrical injury accidents
Mechanical and electrical injuries are easy to occur in mechanical experiments such as impact movement, live working or high-speed rotation. Mechanical and electrical injury accidents are mainly caused by improper operation of experimenters. The manifestations of mechanical and electrical injury accidents are squeezing or colliding with instruments and equipment to hurt people next to them? Failures and defects due to aging, resulting in electric leakage, electric shock, arc sparks and personal injury?
Third, how to do a good job in the safety management of chemical laboratories?
1. Strengthen the safety inspection of instruments and equipment to ensure the safety of instruments and equipment.
The participation of instruments and equipment in biochemical experiments is also the main environmental factor that causes safety accidents in biochemical laboratories. For the investigation of hidden dangers of laboratory safety, the investigation of hidden dangers of instruments and equipment is more intuitive and the easiest to prevent. But the easy things are often the most easily overlooked. Laboratory managers should regularly check the safety of instruments and equipment and maintain them in time. For refrigerators, incubators and other equipment that are turned on all the year round, if the equipment is old, you need to scrap it and buy it again. The college should also speed up the scrapping and repurchasing of instruments, and prepare more sets of instruments with high utilization rate and easy loss, such as electric furnace, constant temperature water bath pot, spectrophotometer, etc., in order to prevent the experimental teaching from being affected by instrument problems.
2. Improve the experimental safety awareness of teachers and students.
Every laboratory attaches great importance to the construction of rules and regulations, and it has become mature, but the actual effect of rules and regulations is very little, and more often it is useless. Before the experiment, if teachers and laboratory managers fail to thoroughly investigate the hidden dangers in the laboratory, or fail to educate students on the safety of using experimental instruments and drugs, it will cause safety accidents. Teachers and students know little about laboratory rules and regulations, and some teachers and students know but don't know the specific regulations. Therefore, in order to improve students' awareness of experimental safety, we must first improve teachers' awareness of experimental safety. Only when teachers' own safety awareness is high enough can students' safety awareness be guided and improved during the experiment. In the process of experimental teaching, teachers should ensure safety and standardize experimental operation, especially when students' instrument operation is not standardized, they should pay attention to multiple demonstrations and remind them from time to time. If students are found frolicking with each other during the experimental operation, they should be stopped in time, and safety education should be carried out to analyze the potential safety hazards and possible serious consequences of such behaviors. Only when unsafe behaviors occur can students have a profound understanding, which is much more effective than simply organizing students to learn rules and regulations and experimental standard operations collectively.
3. Strengthen hardware construction
Clear the safe passage of the laboratory. Managers should balance the relationship between anti-theft of laboratory instruments and equipment and prevention of safety accidents, remove obstacles on fire safety passages, and choose materials that are both anti-theft and in line with fire safety for the reinforcement of doors and windows. In case of fire safety accident, experimenters can escape through doors and windows, or move valuable experimental instruments and equipment out of the laboratory. Obstacles placed in laboratory corridors and aisles should be removed in time.
Enhance the fire prevention ability of the laboratory and its instruments and equipment. Strengthen the transformation of the old laboratory, dismantle the private power supply, transform the external wall and internal wall structure of the laboratory, and improve its fire prevention and disaster prevention ability. For laboratory instruments and equipment, the fire prevention ability can be enhanced through transformation, or the old instruments and equipment can be disposed of in time to realize the upgrading of laboratory instruments and equipment.
Increase the capital investment in laboratory safety facilities and improve the early warning ability of laboratory safety accidents. Strengthen the later maintenance of fire safety facilities to ensure that fire safety facilities are always in good operation. In addition, it is necessary to increase the capital investment in laboratory environmental protection and reduce the environmental pollution caused by experiments.
4. Improve laboratory management rules and regulations and strengthen laboratory supervision and management.
Only by perfecting and perfecting various rules and regulations can we make the laboratory work have rules to follow, implement scientific and standardized management, establish and manage laboratory personnel, teaching tasks, instruments and equipment, experimental sites, various technical files and basic information, form a scientific, standardized and institutionalized laboratory management model, and make students and experimental technicians always abide by laboratory rules and regulations and strengthen laboratory supervision and management. Hire retired experts and old teachers with rich experience in laboratory construction and equipment management to cooperate with the technical experiment center to form a supervision and inspection team to supervise the laboratory construction and equipment management in the whole hospital, find problems in time and make suggestions on the construction and management of school laboratories, actively participate in the demonstration and evaluation of large-scale instruments and equipment, and make laboratory management more scientific and standardized.
Four. conclusion
To sum up, chemical laboratory safety management should adhere to the concept of people-oriented and environmental protection. We should pay attention to the influence of experiments on the surrounding environment, seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, reduce environmental pollution, and realize the sustainable development of chemical experiments and environmental protection.
References:
Zhao Shuijian, Wang Chunhua, Zhu Xigui: Construction and Management of Chemical Laboratory, Laboratory Research and Exploration, 06, 2003.
Xu Miaomiao: Problems and Countermeasures of Chemical Laboratory Construction and Management under the Background of Popular Education, Heilongjiang Education, 07, 2006.
Xiao Jiandong, Wang Wenfang: Research on Safety Management Strategy of Chemical Laboratories in Colleges and Universities, Research on Chemical Laboratories, 2012,03.
Liu lintao, Tian: research on the reform of safety system in chemical laboratory, experimental technology and management, No.30, 20 13.
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