Original text:
Hengyang bid farewell to dreams.
Author: Liu Zongyuan
Yongzhou worked hard for ten years and came to the capital; On the third day of Chang 'an's reign, the emperor was escorted to the court by the imperial edict.
Take the old road of the Han Dynasty, remember General Ma Yuan; Where is the old stone man, idle grass trail.
You and I don't want to cling to entwine and slander loyal ministers; The poem should be unexpected, so I advise you to write a pseudonym.
Where are you going today? It's silence and silence. Why the river, tears can Zhuo Zhuo ying.
Hengyang and Dream Farewell;
Shh? Ni? N qi? o cu？ d？ o q？ Nj and ng, Shu? Lee? o fān w？ What am I thinking? Me, h? ng .
f？ bō g？ d？ o fēng yān z？ Me, ng zh? ng y？ xcáo sh？ p？ ng .
zh？ yǐyōng sh zhāo w？ y？ ，xiū jiāng w？ n z？ zh？ n sh？ m？ ng .
jīn ch？ o b？ y？ ng l？ n h？ Bi? , Chu? l？ I qiān h? ng bi？ N Zhu? Yang.
Hengyang bid farewell to dreams. Read the answer:
(1) at the neckline? Careless? What does this word mean? Please briefly explain.
(2) From the whole poem, what kind of thoughts and feelings does this poem express? Please answer each item.
The answer (1) ostensibly says that he is lazy and careless, but actually implies that he is Geng Jie. The angry words show that I would rather accept it? Discussion (criticism) of things? Never give in to the attitude of life.
(2) (1) Sadness and loss of bumpy fate and bleak future. (2) The hero has lost his way and has no way to serve the resentment and melancholy of the country. (3) Where will you go, sad and lost.
Hengyang and dream farewell farewell translation;
Yongzhou has worked hard for ten years, languishing and dying into Beijing; Chang' an did not finish the 30 th day, and he was ordered to guard the border court.
Set foot on the old road of the Han Dynasty and remember General Ma Yuan; Where are the stone men of the past? There are no grass paths.
You and I have no intention of being together, only Nuo Nuo slanders loyal ministers; Poetry and prose have caused trouble, so I advise you to seal your pen and remain anonymous.
Today, where will you go is to cry silently; You don't have to go to the river to fetch water, you can shed tears.
Interpretation of parting words between Hengyang and Mengfen;
⑴ Hengyang: Located at the southern foot of Hengshan Mountain. Dream: a word dreamed by Liu Yuxi, a writer in the Tang Dynasty. Liu Zongyuan is a good friend.
(2) Ten years of haggard: refers to the humiliating and painful life of being demoted for ten years. Haggard: A pale face also means hardship. Qin Jing: Xianyang and Qin Dou refer to Chang 'an in Tang Dou. Tang Song Wenzhi's poem Zao Shao Zhou: Green trees, Qin Jing Road, Qingyun Luoshui Bridge. ?
(3) Outside the ridge: refers to the area south of Wuling. "Once"? Shun Di Ji:? Jiuzhen was the satrap of Zhu Liang, and Zhang Qiao, the secretariat of the address, comforted and induced the Japanese army to conquer the barbarians, and surrendered it, making the ridge flat outside. ? Tang Gao Shi's poem "Sending firewood outside the ridge of households": the ridge is a foreign-funded town, which flourished in the last dynasty. ?
(4): The name of General Han. Ma Yuan was named General Fu Bo in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which means Ma Yuan. Old road: refers to? General Fu Bo? Ma Yuan led the army to attack Vietnam. Wind and smoke: clouds and fog.
[5] Weng Zhong: the giant of the Qin Dynasty. Qin Shihuang once cast a golden man like Weng Zhong, and later called this stone statue or pyramid-shaped mound stone Weng Zhong. Weng Zhong site refers to the ancient tomb in Fu Bo during the Han and Wei Dynasties. The vegetation is flat, which means it is desolate.
[6] Carelessness: laziness and carelessness are excuses. In fact, they don't want to go along with the decadent forces. Be criticized by some people. Discussion of things: discussion of people. Uncle Song? Cai xingzong biography:? Xing zong was moved, and the theorists and scholars wanted to stop the discussion, so they stopped. ?
(7) Time name: a temporary reputation. Ten years after Liu Yuxi was demoted to Chang 'an, he wrote poems mocking the nouveau riche. There were thousands of peach trees in Du Xuan Pass, but Liu Lang had already left and planted them later. ("Yuan He was summoned from Langzhou to Beijing Opera for ten years to give a gift to a gentleman who looks at flowers"), two sentences allegorize those nouveau riche who have been politically proud for many years because of opportunism, but I was promoted only after Liu Yuxi was driven out of Chang 'an. Because? Does the language involve ridicule, and it is unpleasant to be in power? This is one of the reasons why he was demoted again.
He Lin: Go to the river. Zhuo Ying: What's in Li Ling's farewell poem to Su Wu? Jiang Changying doesn't miss you? Two sentences. What does this mean? A thousand tears? That's it? Hey? So you don't have to go to the river like Li Ling and Su Wu respectively? Long tassels? Yes
⑼ ⒕:? The water in the rough waves is clear. Can you help me? It shows that he and his good friend Liu Yuxi (Liu Mengde) are clean, not muddy, and they don't talk about grievances, but people know that they have grievances.
Hengyang and dream parting background:
Both Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi were gifted scholars, who embarked on their careers in the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793). For more than 20 years, they have treated each other with sincerity and learned from each other's strengths, which is in the literary world of the middle Tang Dynasty? Double star? . Mr. Sun Changwu wrote in Liu Zongyuan's biography:? Liu Yuxi is Liu Zongyuan's closest friend in his life, and he is an outstanding thinker, writer and politician who can be compared with Liu Zongyuan. They kept friendship all their lives, advanced and retreated together in political struggles, supported each other, influenced each other in ideology and theory, and learned from each other in literature. ? From entering the official career to? Innovate forever? From innovation failure to relegation, from being ordered to return to Beijing to being exiled again, they have been suffering from * * *. In Yongzhou for ten years, the two had the closest friendship and the most frequent exchanges. What did they do in February of Yuanhe Decade (8 15)? Eleven years ago, Nandu returned to China, four thousand miles away? Liu Zongyuan returned to Chang 'an from Yongzhou and Langzhou respectively, thinking that the disaster was over and full of hope and fantasy for the future, but in less than a month, he was released to work in a more remote state capital. In March of that year, they packed their bags, took their families and set foot on the road to the south again. As far as the mentality is concerned, both of them are sad and happy, and both of them fantasize that one day they can make a comeback and benefit the mulberry; However, the imperial court has been alienated again and again, and the nouveau riche have slandered and slandered, and their ideals have been shattered by cruel reality. Even though they are gifted, they are still useless, so they are even more angry. Liu Zongyuan has? If the emperor promises to go back to the field, should he be a neighbor if he is late? ("A Farewell to Dreams"), rachel kept a lower profile:? If you add agriculture, you will die, and blond hair will take care of everything. (A Heavy Farewell) They have looked down on fame and realized that a comeback is out of reach. After arriving in Hengyang, I went to Liuzhou in the southwest alone and went straight to Lianzhou in the south alone. Saying goodbye is very touching. What is Liu Mengde's description of the farewell scene? Come back to your eyes and follow the geese back. When you are worried about that broken ape. ("Rewarding Lianzhou to Hengyang to Enjoy Liuliuzhou Farewell") After breaking up, they wrote six poems to appreciate each other, including two seven laws, two seven laws and two five laws, all of which were full of affection, tears in every sentence, deep depression and sadness. Hengyang and Dream Parting is the first song.
Appreciation of Hengyang's parting from dreams;
This poem begins with two sentences, recalling the past, face to face, ups and downs, and tears are stored in it. Start? v？ And then what? Up? , rotating? Up? Do it again. v？ In just 14 words, the bumpy fate of the two poets in the past ten years has been condensed, which has aroused readers' endless associations and reverie. Innovate forever? After the failure, two kings and eight horses? Children will die, die and get sick. Fortunately, these two poets have just been released. But for ten years, I lived like a prisoner, and I was hurt both physically and mentally. Being an official is just a hollow reputation, and governing the people is not enough. It's really hard to manage a family. After the author arrived in Yongzhou, her mother and daughter died one after another, and she became ill because of acclimatization. The place where she lived was on fire and almost burned to death. It's called six-product officer, but what is it? Marvin? That's all. So what? Haggard, haggard? No wonder. I finally met my friend in Chang 'an. At that time, the emperor was so kind that he granted amnesty to the whole world. ? Go to Qin Jing? One? Up? I feel a little better. Who knew it wouldn't last long? They arrived in Chang 'an for less than a month, and under the imperial edict, they were released to more remote counties to make a secretariat. Who expected to become a layman? Is it in one? v？ . At this moment, all hopes were in vain, and disappeared like a mirage in an instant. Haggard? His face is covered with thick dust, which is even more obvious? Haggard? . This year, Liu Zongyuan was 44 years old and Liu Yuxi was 45 years old. This is a good opportunity to serve the country. Why did the hero lose his way when Yuan Zhou was demoted? It's best not to be sad.
Is the story of Zhuan Xu and Fu Bo's general Ma Yuan darker? Ancient road, west wind and thin horse? The meaning makes people look forward to the future and shudder. The author said: Back in those days, Fu Bo's general Ma Yuan marched south here with a great army, and it was all-powerful, with banners and golden drums, as if it were audible; Later generations cast it into a stone statue and stood in front of the general temple on the west bank of Xiangshui, just like the bronze statue of giant Weng Zhong standing outside Xianyang Palace, for people to pay their respects. Now, when he set foot on this ancient road, broken walls burst into tears when he saw the weeds in front of the general's temple. Although he is Ji Chun, he has the sorrow of "millet separation". Things are already like this. How can people compare with each other? Think about your own situation, watching the decline of the Tang dynasty, and a little more grief. The beauty of this connection lies in satirizing the present through the past, that is, expressing emotions on the spot. Write Fu Bo style and lament your own life experience; Describe the desolation of the old road and satirize the decline of the dynasty, and then show it again? Haggard? It means kill two birds with one stone. This couplet has lost its cohesive force and has been hastily revised, or it has not been harmed by law or words. I also saw that people in the Tang Dynasty understood the law but were not bound by law firms.
Li Bai said: There is always a traitor in power, like covering the sky, and Chang' an is depressed when he can't see it. ? For Liu and Liu, it is not just a cloud overhead, but a dark cloud all over the sky. Believe and see doubt, be loyal and slander? Things are like ghosts with them. It is said that Liu Mengde? Ten years of haggard to Qin Jing? Then he wrote two poems mocking the nouveau riche, among which? There were thousands of peach trees in Du Xuan Pass, but Liu Lang had already left and planted them later. ("Yuan He Ten Years from Langzhou to Beijing Opera as a Gift to a Flower-Watching Gentleman") Two sentences allegorize the upstart who has become more and more proud politically in the past ten years because of opportunism, and was promoted only after he was driven out of Chang 'an. Half of the 100-acre courtyard is covered with moss and peach blossoms are in full bloom. ("revisiting du xuanguan") two sentences directly stab the political crisis of the imperial court, and the old pet and the new rich become one? Flowers? How about one? Flowers? Reality. Because of two poems? Does the language involve ridicule, and it is unpleasant to be in power? The nouveau riche made great strides in slanders, and for a time, the situation suddenly changed, bad luck came again, and the two poets were demoted again. The author told his old friends that they seemed to be careless. ? Careless? People who are not lazy or careless are pedantic, adhere to ethics and consolidate their nature. No wonder the nouveau riche is incompatible with you and me. Neck chain? Why don't you talk about things casually and don't take words as time? Beauty lies in irony, Zhuang's harmony, ridicule, ridicule. The implication is that if you can sing praises against your will, go with the flow and write a few satirical poems, you will not be demoted to the south again.
The last two sentences express profound friendship, lament the sadness of life experience and push the feelings of the whole poem to a climax. The poet compares his departure from Liu Yuxi with the poems of Su Wu leaving his hometown and Li Ling leaving Su Wu in Han Dynasty, and with Su Li. Uneasy? The same, but they don't need it? He Lin? Get water, these endless tears are enough to wash the crown? A thousand tears? . This seems absurd, but it is reasonable. This kind of artistic exaggeration also gives readers rich imagination and profound thinking. At that time, the two poets there had a rough fate and a bleak future, and they could cry; Where will you go, no goodbye, you can cry; Heroes lose their way, there is no way to serve the country, and they can cry; If the nouveau riche plays politics, the country will decline and they can cry. Even if? A thousand tears? It is not enough to express such complicated feelings as grief, resentment, sadness, loss, attachment and depression. Wang Boyun? Why are you wandering at the fork in the road, with children holding towels? Among the encouragements, there are still encouragements that make people open-minded and have a high style, which is worthy of being a famous sentence through the ages; This poem ends with a sentence that digs out infinite meaning from Su Li's farewell poem. Couplets show the difference between two heartbroken people. They are a combination of state affairs and family affairs. They are sad and sorrowful, vividly express the poet's true feelings, and are well-known and have the artistic effect of making people cry.
Posterity evaluation:
1. Gong Shihua: Liu:? Ten years of haggard left Qin Jing at a loss. Who expected this to be a layman? ? Wang (An Shi): Ten years should not be so light, but I don't expect to be widowed with me today. ? Liu:? Speak and do things carelessly, don't use time to name names. ? Wang (An Shi): Go straight to the article and polish it, don't be negative. ? Liu:? In the first year of Yu Yongzhen, the poet was demoted to Yongzhou, four thousand miles north today, from Yongzhou to Chang 'an. ? Come again:? I walked six thousand miles in the country and spent twelve years in the wilderness. ? Su Shi:? Seven thousand miles away, two hairy men, eighteen beaches and one leaf. ? Huang (Tingjian): I dream three thousand miles at night, and I miss twelve relatives every day. ? They all happen to coincide, and so does grammar.
2. Ying Lv Kui Sui: Liu Zihou was born in the first year of Yongzheng, and was appointed as Yongzhou Sima by Foreign Minister Li Bu. He was twenty-three years old, and there were no poems at that time. Ten years later, he chased Yuan Du. In March, he was appointed as the secretariat of Liuzhou, and Liu Mengde was demoted as Sima of Langzhou, also known as the secretariat of Lianzhou. The gathering of two people offended the king. It is also very high, and many people are quite jealous. Xianzong was deeply unhappy with these two men. ? What happened? Not reflexive, how sad is the last sentence? It is not far away, and the dream is very old, and future generations look down on it.
3. "Four Poems": "Song of the Sons": The waves are clear and clear, which can lead me. ? Both Mencius and Qu Yuan used this language, each with its own meaning. Liu Zongyuan's poem "Hengyang Farewell to Liu Yuxi": You don't have to say goodbye to the river today. Hang down a thousand lines and stand on the tassel. ? It is impolite to complain about sadness.
4. Notes on Advocacy of Tang Poetry: This is the same as Liu Yuxi's trip to Hengzhou. The first speech was demoted for ten years and gaunt. Later, I was called back to Chang 'an, and the map was very useful. Unexpectedly, it was a trip beyond the mountain. Classic? Fu Bo? The old road and the wind and smoke filled me, and I saw the ruins of Weng Zhong and the flatness of every grass and tree. We are lazy, successful, and have already invited things to discuss, and the article occupies a high position in time, and it is easy to be greedy, not too much. Yesterday Li Lingyun:? There are long tassels on the river. I miss you. ? Today, I'm going to bid farewell to my dream and stop facing the river. I cried for thousands of lines, just like the water in the river is enough. Why are you sentimental?
5. Advocacy commentary in Tang poetry: He Chao: There are different roads, so we can't bear to rush. Only the wind and smoke trees are heartbroken, the former is far away, and the clouds are still beautiful. Today, it is really taboo to say that the snow is retreating and coming back from the ridge. ? Careless? Refers to the genus of mysterious flower quatrains.
6. "Guan Huatang selected and approved Tang Caizi's poems": not bitter? Amateur? Do you suffer? Go to Qin Jing? . Guy? Amateur? It is a haggard start, and it is insufficient; ? Go to Qin Jing? It's haggard, it's over, not right or wrong. Read carefully (below the first four sentences). See if he only uses the fishing song "Drum" lightly? Irrigation? In two words, you can see that what you have achieved with your dreams is a clean stream, not a turbid stream, and you will no longer open your mouth to difficult places, but the servant has seen the grievances (the last four sentences).
7. Selected Poems of Liu Han: The conclusion is calm. He Lin? 、? Hey? Language, can realize the ancient law.
8. Review of Ying Kui's Law: Ji Yun: May 6th is a rule of being cautious and keeping a low profile. It is said that the past is to warn the future, not to recall the reasons for offending. Xu Gu thinks that he has no reflexivity and loses his meaning. Xu Yinfang: The second couplet and the first couplet are not sticky.
9. Bian Yu: Ding held hands and sobbed word by word (the last two sentences).
10. Su Xiang's essay: Every metrical poem has the heaviest knot, and the seven words are quiet. The power of starting a sentence begins at the beginning, such as Liu Zongyuan? Ten years of haggard let Qin Jing, who expected to become a layman? Leaving a sentence with words is more expensive than leaving a word, Liu Zongyuan? You can cry a thousand lines today without saying goodbye to the river? , is enough to generate the model.
Liu Zongyuan's literary works;
Liu Zongyuan left more than 600 poems in his life, and his achievements were greater than poems. There are nearly a hundred parallel prose, and ancient prose can be roughly divided into six categories.
(1) Comments: Including philosophy, political theory and essays mainly focusing on comments. Sharp pen, accurate argument. Tian Shuo is a masterpiece of philosophical papers. (Feudalism and Heavenly Punishment are representative works of medium-length and long-length political theory. Jin Wengong's "Defending the Original Motion", "Debate between Dong Brothers" and Yi Yin's "Five Opinions on Street Praise" are representatives of political papers. ) There is simple materialism in his philosophy. His political thoughts mainly focus on? Potential? Progressive social historical view and Confucian people-oriented thought. But also influenced by Buddhism, especially when they are frustrated politically, they often seek spiritual liberation from Buddhism.
(2) Fable: Inheriting and developing the traditions of Zhuangzi, Han Feizi, Lu Chunqiu, Liezi and the Warring States Policy, it was mostly used to satirize and attack the ugly phenomenon of the society at that time. Innovate, create whimsy, and make good use of anthropomorphic artistic images of various animals to express philosophical or political views. (Representative works include Three Commandments (Linjiang Elk, Guizhou Donkey, Yongmou Mouse), Biography, Rumors, etc. Laugh and curse, because things are small, showing a high degree of humor and irony.
(3) Biography: Inherited the tradition of Historical Records and Hanshu, and made some innovations (representative works include Anecdote of Duan Taiwei, Biography of Zi Ren, Biography of Hejian, Story of Snake Catcher, etc. Some works are exaggerated and fictional on the basis of real people, such as fables and novels (such as Song Qingchuan). )
(4) Landscape Travels: The most popular ones are written after being demoted, and Yongzhou's works are even better. (Representative works include Travel Notes on the First Banquet in the Western Hills, Music Circle, Western Hills in the Music Circle, From Xiaoshichi to the Western Hills, Yuan Jiake, Shiqu, Shi Jian and Koishiyama). His works not only contain his own experience and resentment through beautiful scenery; There is also a description of the author's quiet state of mind, which is manifested in extreme depression and the pursuit of spiritual sustenance. As for the direct description of the scenery, it is steep and clean, or beautiful and pleasant, and reproduces the beauty of nature with delicate language.
(5) Poem and Sao Fu: unique (representative works such as Punishment Fu, Sheng Min Fu, Dream Returning Fu, Prison Mountain Fu, etc. They are all in the style of Li Sao and Nine Chapters. Or express one's mind directly, or borrow ancient times to hurt oneself, or borrow fables to express irony and think hard, which won the essence of Qu Sao. "Tian Dui" and "Jin Wen" are another type, imitating Tian Wen and Qi Fa, with strange and profound words. In addition, there are many Buddhist steles, inscriptions, notes, prefaces and postscripts, poems and other works in Liu Jizhong, involving Zen, Tiantai Sect, Buddhism and other theories. There are more than 40 pieces of Liu Shi/KLOC-0, all of which were written after relegation. His predecessors, Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei also called him Wang Meng. Some of his five ancient thoughts are close to Tao Yuanming's poems, with simple and natural language and elegant and meaningful style. Influenced by Xie Lingyun, other ancient Five Dynasties coined exquisite words, mixed with Hyunri, and even learned from Xie Shi when doing problems. However, Liu's poems can contain bitterness, similarities and differences in beauty. Liu's poems also have rhythmic poems, which are famous for their generosity, sadness and health. (For example, climbing the Liuzhou Tower to send Zhang Tingfeng to four counties is a masterpiece of the seven laws of the Tang Dynasty, and Jiang Xue, Fisherman and Western Opera are also rare works in the quatrains of the Tang Dynasty).
(6) Anthology: Liu Yuxi began to compile Liu Ji's Anthology of Mr. Hedong. There were many annotated books in Song Dynasty, and Han Chun's Collected Works of Liu Xun is the earliest extant work of Liu Ji. In the Ming Dynasty, Jiang's Warp Collection was annotated with Liuhe East Collection. For his deeds, see Han Yu's Epitaph of Liu Zihou, Biographies of Old and New Tang Books and Chronicle of Mr. Liu in Wen 'anli.
Liu Zongyuan's personal data:
Liu Zongyuan (AD 773? A.D. 8 19), with a thick word, was born in Hedong (now Yongji area in Yuncheng, Shanxi Province), one of the eight famous writers in Tang and Song Dynasties, a famous writer, philosopher, essayist and thinker in Tang Dynasty. Mr Liu Hedong Hedong? Because of the official end of Liuzhou secretariat, also known as? Liu Liuzhou? . Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu are also called? Liu Han? And rachel? Liu Liu? And what did Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei say? Wang Meng Liu Wei? .
Liu Zongyuan left more than 600 poems in his life, and his achievements in writing were greater than poems. Nearly a hundred parallel essays, argumentative essays, sharp and ironic. There are many places where landscapes are written in travel notes, such as Collection of Mr. Hedong, and the representative works include Xiju, Jiang Xue and Fisherman.
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