[Abstract] Mr. Yin Yungong once published "Debate on Battle of Red Cliffs", rewarding meritorious generals in terms of strength, time and post-war Sun Quan.
It is debatable to prove that Battle of Red Cliffs is not a big war.
[Keywords:] Battle of Red Cliffs; Military strength; Cao Cao
Yin Yungong's Bright March 3 1 Day
The daily newspaper published "A Debate on Battle of Red Cliffs", in which "Zizhi" was considered.
Battle of Red Cliffs recorded in Tong Jian is a distortion and expression of Sima Guang.
Dye, Battle of Red Cliffs is Cao Cao's experience of hitting 5,000 with a Qingqi.
War is not war. Yin Wen said again, "Cao Jun's 5,000 Qingqi is long.
After Osaka defeated Liu Bei, it continued south, headed for Jiangling, and captured Da.
Measure combat materials. So I took a boat eastbound and suddenly came to Chibi.
I met with Sun Liu Lianjun, who had the dominant number, and my eyes were red.
Battle of the great wall. It can be seen that time is pressing for this war.
In ancient times, traffic was difficult, and Cao's manipulation was enormous.
Military talents cannot complete large-scale military assembly.
This ruled out the possibility of Chibi War in time.
Make love. "Mr. Yin also got a reward from Sun Quan for active generals.
To prove that Battle of Red Cliffs is not a war. Mr. Yin's article triggered
This paper introduces the re-discussion of Battle of Red Cliffs's problems in the field of history.
Today, the discussion on it continues. I did my bit.
Give a few examples to discuss with Teacher Yin.
one
Is Cao Cao's number of participants in the war five thousand?
To illustrate the scale of Battle of Red Cliffs, we must first understand Cao Cao.
The number of troops before Chibi War. It has greater credibility in historical materials.
In the early historical materials before the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Cao Cao's soldiers in Chibi before the war were involved.
The number of forces is as follows: The History of the Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou and Pei Songzhi.
The materials of the Western Jin Dynasty and the Book of the Later Han Dynasty written by Justin in the Eastern Jin Dynasty were cited. Three Kingdoms
"Three or Four Notes on Wushu: Zhuan Zhu" records the following places of Luji in the Western Jin Dynasty.
He said, "Wei tasted the power of victory and led a million soldiers to float to Dunsai."
Boats, crowds in Hanyin, full of feathers, Yue Long rode down a thousand rivers.
Travel, tiger steps. "It can be seen that Lu Ji of the Western Jin Dynasty thought that Cao Cao was red.
The number of troops before the Wall War was as many as "one million". There is a similar saying.
There is also Zhuge Liang, who said in "Long Zhong Dui": "Fuck today!"
There are millions of people, and it is impossible to be a vassal with the emperor.
Strive for the Front "("The History of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu and Zhuge Liang Chuan "). Say it again,
Huang Gai and Cao Cao wrote in the biography of the reflection Zhou Yuchuan:
"With the people of six counties in Jiangdong, when millions of people in China.
I'm outnumbered. See you at home. "From this point of view, cao cao unified.
It was widely said at that time that there were millions of soldiers in the north.
Of course, it is impossible for Cao Cao to put all his troops into Chibi.
I took part in the war.
When Battle of Red Cliffs approached, Cao Cao gave the Red Cliff to Sun Quan and his subjects.
The surrender book says: "With 800,000 water conservancy soldiers, Fang and generals can hunt.
Wu language (reflection Wu Shu Zhou Yuchuan). Cao Cao's suggestion
The surrender book has the nature of war extortion. The so-called water army has 800,000 soldiers.
War is not enough to make people believe. But on the eve of Battle of Red Cliffs, for Cao Cao,
The number of people who can participate in the war, Zhou Yu once analyzed: "There must be China
People, but1560,000, ... The income of the table is also 70,000 to 80,000.
Ear ... "("reflection of Wu Shu Zhou Yuchuan "). According to the week
According to Yu, Cao Cao's troops may be ten people.
50,000 to 60,000, plus 70,000 to 80,000 troops who captured Liu Biao, the total * * * is
234 thousand. Moreover, the war is coming, when the leader of Jiangdong
People heard that Cao Cao decided Jingzhou almost without fighting, so he was going downstream.
News, mostly "fear" ("reflection", Wu Shu.
), "Look at the wind and fear" ("The reflection of Wu,
Main biography), all advocate surrender, and even follow Sun Jian and Sun for a long time.
Sun Ben (Sun Jian's nephew), who is going to fight, is also going to travel alone.
Move: "Send the son into the quality" ("The History of the Three Kingdoms Wu Shu Zhu Zhichuan").
From Zhou Yu's analysis and the atmosphere before the war, we can predict the greatness of Cao Cao.
The army is coming, and the coming battle will be a big one.
The number of troops during the war has always been a military secret.
Even opponents in war need comprehensive analysis and speculation, but war
Then it became an open secret. Chen shou's "reflection" includes
Guan Cao's record of the number of troops is slightly different, but it is not a spear.
Shield. Zhou Yuchuan: "In September of that year, Tsao Gong entered Jingzhou and Liu Cong.
Improve quality and reduce quality. Tso got his navy, with hundreds of thousands of infantry on board. ""that
Biography of Ge Ke: "Liu Jingsheng, the nearest person, is in Jingzhou, with hundreds of thousands of people, rich valley."
Like a mountain ... After Beiding, 300,000 people came to Jing.
State. "Liu Biao original hundreds of military forces, minus liu bei, Liu Qi.
Of the 20,000-strong army, about 70,000 to 80,000 people surrendered to Cao Cao.
As for how many northern troops led by Cao Cao went south, scholar Lu Bi
Chen Shoulu's Zhuge Ke dialect "Three Hundred People" is acceptable.
Shit, Ruby said, "Eighty people like it, and Zhuge Ke passed it on."
The operating rate is 300 thousand, close to 300 thousand.
Yes ". [1] (P897) Because the number of troops became public after the war.
Secrets, especially the number of people who participated in the war reached hundreds of thousands.
Battle of Red Cliffs. More than 30 years have passed, and things have changed, Cao.
Right has been under the control of Sima Shi, and 30 thousand people in Jiangdong participated.
Battle of Red Cliffs has also become a daily talk that Wu is proud of.
Information, Zhuge Ke can't talk nonsense alone. Taiwan Province province forest
Editor-in-chief's History of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties also thinks that Battle of Red Cliffs was done by Cao Cao.
The troops invested are "300,000 to 400,000". [2](P38)
Therefore, Mr. Yin Yungong thought that Battle of Red Cliffs was used by Cao Cao.
Qing Qi fought a 5,000 encounter, which is debatable.
two
Judging from the battle time, Yin Wen thought that Cao Cao occupied it in September.
After Jiangling, he led the army to the east to fight against Sun Liu's allied troops, "following the times."
Suddenly ruled out the possibility of Battle of Red Cliffs ". This is also
It is debatable.
As for the time in Battle of Red Cliffs, the earliest record is
Chen Shou (233~279) wrote The History of the Three Kingdoms at the end of Shu and the beginning of Jin.
"Emperor Wu Ji": (in the thirteenth year of Jian 'an) In autumn and July, Gongnan levied Liu Biao.
In August, my cousin died, and his son moved to Xiangyang. Liu Bei is a fan. nine
Month, the public to Xinye, Congsui drop, ready to go to Xiakou. Gong Chang drove straight into Jiangling,
Ordered Jingzhou officials and people to start over. On the merits and demerits of Jingzhou's obedience,
Fifteen people waited, and Wen Pin, the general of Liu Biao, was appointed as the prefect of Jiangxia.
The soldier quoted Han Han and Yi Deng, famous Jingzhou men. Yizhou muliuzhang
He was drafted into the army and sent troops to the army. In December, Sun Quan prepared to attack Taiwan.
Fat. From Jiangling to Baqiu, Gong sent Zhang to save Hefei. correct
Smell it. Let's go. Going to Chibi is not conducive to preparing for war. therefore
In the great epidemic, many officials and soldiers died and led the army back. And Jingzhou and Jiang.
Southern counties. "
Notes of the Later Han Dynasty by Justin (328~376) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Load: "There will be an eclipse every day before October in winter. 12 noon, Levi
Ma Teng, a former general, is Wei. It was the month when Cao Cao and Zhou Yuchi fought.
Wall, fuck the teacher. ”[3](P843)
Visible "reflection", "Han Ji" will be sent to Battle of Red Cliffs.
The date of birth is marked "December".
Later, Ye Fan (398~445) attributed Battle of Red Cliffs to.
After October in Winter, before and after Fourteen Years
"History of Di Xianxiao" and "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" went further.
The framework is planned to be launched before1February. [4](PP2087~2094)
Twenty-five years after Chen Shousheng was born in Battle of Red Cliffs, he was in Chibi.
There is no doubt that the history of the Three Kingdoms is the earliest existing war time.
Original historical materials. Liang Qichao said in China's Historical Research Law
Guo: "The first step is to determine the indirect historical materials."
Standard. The earlier the age, the stronger the credibility.
What is this? He saw more direct historical materials, but later people saw less.
Yes [5](P99) As far as the reliability of historical materials is concerned, The History of the Three Kingdoms,
The theory of "December" in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty has certain authority.
Zhou Yu Chuan San Guo Zhi records that Zhou Yu asked Sun Quan before the war.
When recruiting soldiers, when talking about the seasonal climate at that time, "it's cold today, and there are no horses."
Absinthe ". Southern floor heating, the so-called "strong cold" generally appears in winter.
After that. According to the natural calendar of Changsha, Hunan, the daily average temperature in early winter
10℃-5℃, and the average date is165438+127 October to 65438+24 February.
Day; In the middle of winter (no seasonal winter in Changsha), the daily average temperature is less than 5℃-
3℃, the average date is 65438+February 25th to 65438+1October 3rd1. Hubei province
The natural calendar of Ezhou is: the average daily temperature in early winter.
6℃, and the average date is165438+1October 29th to 65438+February18; The last month of winter
Daily average temperature (no winter solstice in Ezhou) < 6℃-0℃,
The average date is 65438+February 19 to 65438+1October 3 1 According to China.
The almanac of two thousand years, the thirteenth year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (2008) is the lunar calendar.
Year of Wuzi, leap in December. The Gregorian calendar time corresponding to October of the lunar calendar is
65438+1October 27th to165438+1October 25th. According to Changsha's natural calendar: early autumn
1October 6th 65438+ to1October 8th 165438+ daily average temperature <19℃-15.
℃; Mid-Autumn Festival165438+1October 9 to1October 26, the daily average temperature.
15℃-10℃, and the natural calendar of Ezhou is: early autumn 65438+1October 20th.
Daily average temperature from165438+1October 26th.
65438+1October 27th to165438+1October1daily average temperature <16℃-
13℃; Average daily temperature in autumn is 165438+ 10/2 to165438+128 October.
& lt13℃ ——10℃. Wuhu natural calendar: early autumn: 65438+1from October 5 to 00.
1October 24th 10, the daily average temperature is
1October 25th 65438+ to1October 9th 165438+ daily average temperature <16℃-
13℃; Average daily temperature in Qiu Ji 10/10 to10/0165438.
& lt13℃-10℃. Sun Quan was stationed in Chaisang (now Jiujiang) and was angry.
The climate should be close to the above areas. It can be seen that in that year 10, the Yangtze River.
The middle and lower reaches have not entered the "cold season". According to "China II"
Millennium almanac, 165438+ AD 2081October 27th is the lunar November.
The second day of February,165438+1October 29th is the fourth day of the lunar calendar, and 65438+February 19.
The date is 1 1 24th of the month,165438+125th of the month, that is,1February.
The first day. The war took place after the "severe cold" began, so it should be said that it has been
After entering the mid-winter in Changsha and the winter in Ezhou, it is November of the lunar calendar.
After the age of 24. [6](P70) Even if the "annual average temperature" of the three countries in the late Han Dynasty
About 1℃-2℃ lower than now is taken into account.
In recent years, [7](P2 1) occurred in the "cold" season in Battle of Red Cliffs.
It may happen in October of the lunar calendar, because the middle reaches of the Yangtze River are still
Autumn is a crisp season, not to mention September.
Yes
three
Yin Wen thinks that Sun Quan's reward for meritorious generals is very light.
Is that really the case?
Battle of Red Cliffs took place in the 13th year of Jian 'an (208
Sun Quan, commander-in-chief of the State of Wu, was appointed again until Jian 'an X.
Three years (209) riding a general, Xuzhou people, The History of the Three Kingdoms.
"Biography of Master Wu" contains: "Fourteen years (Jian 'an), ... the right to. "
For the southern county satrap. Liu Bei said that he had the right to ride a general and lead Xuzhou as a shepherd.
Prepare to lead Jingzhou animal husbandry police. "Obviously, Sun Quan was promoted by ginseng.
The generals who fight, no matter how great the contribution, will naturally not surpass themselves.
Position-Cycling General, Xuzhou Pastoral. So, for Sun Quan,
If a meritorious general is promoted to a lower position, it will be regarded as a reward.
Lightness is obviously debatable. In fact, generals who have made meritorious deeds in the war will
Sun Quan's kindness and evaluation of them have been greatly improved.
It's very high. Zhou Yu captured Nanjun and the war ended. week
General Yu Bai led the prefect of Nanjun and the four counties of Shiyi. Sun Quan praised
Zhou Yu: "Gong Jin was brave and fearless. He broke Meng De and opened the way.
State ... Later, after the sun rose, he said, "Lonely."
Not Zhou Gongjin, not the emperor ". (reflection, Wu Shu, Zhou Yu)
"Biography") As for Lu Su, "Su praised the army as a captain and helped with the project. Chief administrative officer
The public broke away, and its "Su" was also the first and powerful, so please welcome the generals to meet "(The History of the Three Kingdoms)
Wu Shu's biography of Lu Su), Sun Quante stepped into the saddle and dismounted to greet him. Until/very
In Chen Pu and Battle of Red Cliffs, Chen Pubo and Zhou Yu are left and right, and they are evenly matched.
Cao Gong went to Wulin, attacked Nanjun, and left Coss. General Beppe,
Lead the satrap in summer, control sand and eat four counties. "Chen Pu worship general.
Army, leading Jiangxia satrap, grain city four counties. Moreover, Sun Quan's interest in Zhou Yu,
Chen Pu two people gave special care, "(zhou yu) is dead, when.
Thirty-six. Quan Sufu mourned and moved left and right. ..... after that.
The imperial edict said, "Therefore, General Zhou Yu and Chen Pu are not allowed to have guests.
Ask. "("reflection Wu Shu Zhou Yuchuan ") the rest of you.
General, Huang Gaisheng worships the commander of Wufeng, Ling Tongsheng is a captain, and Lv Fan.
General, wait, don't go into details.
To sum up, Mr. Yin Yungong in "Battle of Red Cliffs bian" a.
This paper excludes the Chibi War from the troops and time of participation.
Possibility, as well as rewards from Sun Quan for meritorious generals after the war.
Very light to prove that Battle of Red Cliffs is not a war, this kind of.
All these statements are debatable. Therefore, when discussing historical issues,
When doing the problem, it should be based on historical records and textual research.
And facts.
[Reference].
[1] Lu Bi. Romance of the Three Kingdoms [M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1982.
[2] Lin. History of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties [M]. Taipei: Wu Nan Book Publishing Company.
Division, 1990.
[3] Zhou Tianyou. Notes of the later Han Dynasty [M]. Tianjin: Tianjin Ancient Books Publishing House,
1987.
[4] Sima Guang. Purple tongzhi sword [M] Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1965.
[5] Liang Qichao. China's historical research method [M]. Beijing: Oriental Publishing House,
1996.
[6] Writing Group of China 2000 Calendar. China's almanac of two thousand years [Z].
Beijing: Meteorological Press, 1994.
[7] Zhu Kezhen. A preliminary study on climate change in China in recent five thousand years [J].
Journal of Archaeology, 1972, (2).