Generally speaking, this is the sediment analysis and distribution method of biological fossils.

But when it comes to geology, that's sediment analysis.

Detailed methods are mainly isotope identification methods, with many branches, such as 87 Sr/ 86 Sr determination, Mn, Ni, V, Cr determination, 13 C determination, 18 O determination, etc. The sea level is determined by the distribution of different elements.

Of course, there are more detailed and advanced technologies such as seismic geometric configuration characteristics, so I won't go into details here. ...