Employment is the foundation of people's livelihood, and it is also one of the important contents of building a harmonious socialist society in Scientific Outlook on Development. Promoting employment through entrepreneurship has become the knowledge of all countries. China's "Labor and Employment Promotion Law (Draft)" clearly stipulates the legal provisions of promoting employment through entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship in our city promotes employment, provides small loan guarantees for laid-off workers, avoids loan risks and extends the field of entrepreneurship.

Keywords: unemployment, employment and harmonious distribution of entrepreneurial labor, government macro-control

Promote employment through entrepreneurship, and let more workers become entrepreneurs. The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China puts forward that, on the one hand, it is necessary to improve the policy of supporting self-employment and self-employment. On the other hand, we should strengthen the education of employment concept. Workers should take the initiative to adapt to the trend of diversification of employment methods, and realize employment or entrepreneurship through self-employment, labor dispatch, domestic service and other forms.

At present, the employment situation in China is grim, and a considerable number of workers are unemployed and semi-unemployed, and the absolute number is not small. The underutilization of human resources not only affects individuals and families, but also affects the social and economic development of the whole country and region. People are energetic and creative, but their time for labor is limited. People can't function effectively at the best age, so with the growth of age and the aging of human organs, human resources themselves will be exhausted, and people's labor ability will be lost and basically will not be restored. At present, China is facing an aging society, but many people are old before they get rich, which is very worrying. Therefore, if we don't pay attention to the most precious human resources available and can't educate, cultivate and make full use of them, it will undoubtedly be a great waste. When people are alive, they will constantly consume all kinds of energy and wealth. In this way, rich human resources will become a burden to society.

First, it is of great significance to promote employment through entrepreneurship.

At present, the main task of expanding employment in China is to implement a positive entrepreneurial policy, improve the market entrepreneurial mechanism, continuously expand the scale and employment channels, improve the entrepreneurial structure, and guide people to establish a correct concept of employment, so that more unemployed people in cities and towns (including college graduates), rural surplus labor force, land-lost farmers, etc. can have entrepreneurial opportunities and legal entrepreneurial channels. Through hard and diligent efforts, they can not only become self-reliant people, but also create more jobs in the process of entrepreneurship.

Implement the strategy of expanding entrepreneurship and vigorously promote the development of various related work. Employment concerns thousands of families. Therefore, we should vigorously support people's self-employment and self-employment, constantly develop new occupations, broaden various employment channels, and let more workers become entrepreneurs. Whether in urban or rural areas, the government should strive to provide good policies and services for entrepreneurs. While expanding employment, we should also strengthen macro-management of employment and effectively control unemployment. It is necessary to guide large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises to speed up the separation of main and auxiliary industries and the reorganization of auxiliary industries, and orderly divert surplus personnel; It is necessary to standardize the behavior of enterprise staff reduction, rationally regulate the scale of enterprise staff reduction, and prevent further expansion of unemployment.

Strengthen entrepreneurship education and improve people's entrepreneurial ability. We should continue to develop national education and lifelong education, improve the entrepreneurship education and training system for all workers, so that everyone has the right and opportunity to receive education and training, and constantly improve people's educational quality and professional skills. It is necessary to take the employment training of rural surplus labor force and unemployed people in cities and towns as a basic task, and establish various employment and entrepreneurship training bases, so that the labor force transferred from agriculture and unemployed people in cities and towns can be transferred to new posts that are more suitable for them with new knowledge and skills. For college graduates, we should guide them to establish a correct concept of employment and entrepreneurship, go deep into social practice in a down-to-earth manner, constantly temper themselves and meet new challenges with their knowledge and skills.

Second, people-oriented, employment priority.

The report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "Solving the employment problem is an important and arduous task for our country at present and in the future. The state implements long-term strategies and policies to promote employment. " The new government listed "expanding employment" as the main goal of national macro-control for the first time in its policy outline. This fully embodies the core and essence of "people-oriented" Scientific Outlook on Development. Because employment is the foundation of people's livelihood, living and working in peace and contentment is the wish of the people and the wish of the party. Therefore, in the face of such severe employment pressure in the process of China's economic transformation, how should we correctly solve the employment problem?

Historically, countries have different ways to solve the employment problem in the process of economic development: first, under the condition that immigrants can go abroad, they use the way of labor outflow to alleviate their employment pressure; Second, they solve the employment problem by restricting the flow of labor, resettling rural and factory labor on the spot, and replacing explicit unemployment with hidden unemployment; Third, increase the number of jobs by accelerating the national economic development, thus alleviating the employment problem.

It should be said that among the above methods, only the third one is feasible and effective for a long time, and it is also the way we pursue to solve the employment problem. "Development is the last word".

We must adhere to the correct employment policy. It is necessary to correctly implement the policy of "independent employment of workers, market regulation of employment, and government promotion of employment". In the process of vigorously developing the socialist market economy in China, we must pay attention to giving full play to the basic role of the market mechanism in employment and re-employment, insist on adjusting the supply and demand of labor mainly through the market, and guide workers to choose their own jobs; At the same time, we must attach great importance to the main role of the government in promoting employment and reemployment. The main measures are: scientifically formulate employment plans, guide and adjust labor supply and demand; Implement a proactive employment policy and provide employment assistance to people with special difficulties; Improve the labor market system and maintain the labor market order according to law; Provide employment services and improve the social security system. In a word, adhering to the combination of market regulation and government promotion is the correct choice to solve the problem of employment and re-employment in China.

Choose the key direction of reemployment. China's economy is in a period of fundamental transformation of economic system and economic growth mode, and laid-off workers from manufacturing state-owned enterprises brought about by economic restructuring have become the main source of unemployment. Therefore, the key direction of increasing employment is mainly to choose non-state-owned economic fields, vigorously develop service industry, small and medium-sized enterprises, collective economy and individual and private economy, and provide a new world for laid-off workers to re-employment. The main direction of job creation in the future is informal employment or flexible employment. Need to redefine the definition of employment. First, introduce its flexible employment, which is widely used internationally, into China. For example, those who have worked more than 1 hour in the past week and obtained legal remuneration can be regarded as employment; Second, implement the informal employment system that is popular in market economy countries; Third, implement more flexible employment methods; Fourth, encouraging the formal sector to create informal jobs can not only improve work efficiency and competitiveness, but also create more flexible and diverse jobs; Fifth, encourage self-employment, family employment, organizational employment, temporary employment, community employment, hourly employment and staged employment, and adopt more flexible preferential policies.

In China, the ratio of informal employment to total employment may reach 45.5%. Statistically speaking, informal employment includes three parts: first, private enterprises in cities and towns, which increased from 65,438+6.2 million in196 to16.68 million in 2005, an increase of 1.3 times; Second, the individual economy increased from 199617.09 million to 3410 million in 2005. Article 3 Other personnel refer to the total number of employees in cities and towns minus state-owned, urban and collective units and private and individual personnel, and are composed of migrant workers, laid-off workers, re-employed personnel and other flexible employees. According to Rosky's (2007) estimation, there were about 37.33 million people in 1996 and 72.86 million people in 2007. Then from 1996, there were 60.62 million urban workers, re-employed, other flexible employees and informal employees, accounting for 28.5% of the total employment. By 2007, the number of informal employees reached 96.9 million, an increase of 36.28 million compared with 1996, accounting for 45.5% of the total employment. This shows that the newly-added jobs in cities and towns in China are mainly informal or flexible jobs, and a few formal jobs are mainly migrant workers, laid-off workers in the formal sector, as well as a considerable number of college graduates and professionals with professional skills.

We should fully implement various policies and measures and continue to strengthen re-employment services.

(1) Improve and implement various support policies for re-employment. For example, preferential tax policies, small discount loan policies and social insurance subsidy policies. The preferential policies issued by the state to solve the unemployment problem should be truly implemented in the reemployment of laid-off workers. (2) Strengthen the re-employment transfer training. In recent years, the main feature of China's labor market is labor surplus, but many industries, especially emerging industries with high technical level, are short of talents, showing the coexistence of labor surplus and quality shortage. Therefore, the government should build a multi-level and networked training platform for job transfer, improve the quality and skills of workers through free training to meet the requirements of new posts and realize the re-employment of laid-off workers.

In a word, the focus of macro-control of a national government is different at different stages of economic development. At present, under the background that the new government of our country has correctly established a "people-oriented" Scientific Outlook on Development, the "employment problem" closely related to people's livelihood has naturally become one of the priority objectives of the government's macro-control.