With the acceleration of China's modernization process, people's material living standards are constantly improving, but in the spiritual field, there are many phenomena of personality distortion, egoism and moral decline, which have aroused people's thinking about education. Based on the origin of human beings and education, this paper summarizes the thoughts of several major educational philosophers at home and abroad, and puts forward some suggestions in combination with the actual reality of education in China.
Keywords: educational concept; Morality; value
First, what is education?
Education, as a special phenomenon in human society, has been thought and explored by people since it came into being. What kind of education is the driving force of human progress? In many educational philosophy theories, such ontological problems are unavoidable, just like the most basic philosophical problems:? Who are you? Where are you from? Where to go. Education is a social phenomenon. Society and people existed before education, but they made progress from education.
Education comes into being with the emergence of society. The historical facts of the emergence and development of human beings show that all civilizations, including education, are the creation of human beings in social relations. People and society and their relationship are the premise of all social phenomena.
Labor not only creates human society, but also needs to spread and popularize the crystallization of human wisdom. In order to keep social production going, it is necessary to pass on the experience and skills of production and life gained by workers to the same generation and the next generation. This kind of inheritance and teaching activities formed the initial educational form.
Second, the educational concept.
(A) Confucius's philosophy of education
Confucius believes that the purpose of education is to be a man, which requires not only taking man as an end, but also the ability to be benevolent, that is, to fulfill moral norms. He believes that man is not only the object of being respected and loved, but also the subject of giving love and respect. He advocates gentleman's personality, and the cultivation of personality can only be realized through education.
In addition to being a man and being kind, Confucius thought? A gift? It is also the connotation of education, that is, benevolence inside and courtesy outside. In terms of educational methods, Confucius found through practice that teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is the highest realm of implementing education in the process of human development, that is? Confucius taught students in accordance with their aptitude? By observing everyone's different personality characteristics, natural conditions, family status, way of thinking, intelligence level, etc. He made a comprehensive analysis from all aspects of the subject, thus exploring different teaching methods.
Confucius advocated the dialectical unity of morality and knowledge, namely, moral education and intellectual education, school education and social education, universality and particularity of education, and lifelong education and basic education. I think this is the dialectical embodiment of Confucius' educational idea.
(B) Vico's philosophy of education
Vico was a famous Italian thinker in18th century. In terms of educational philosophy, he proposed? Humanities education? Famous point of view. He pointed out that the ideological premise of humanistic education is to know oneself, and the main purpose of humanistic education is to cultivate creative and intelligent people, and stressed that schools believe that education must attach importance to public rationality, which means becoming the creator of human things. So, what is humanities education?
First of all, humanistic education should know itself correctly. Vico expounded the significance of humanistic education from the perspective of educational management of social, historical and cultural creators. He believes that the goal of school education is to train people to be creators of social history and culture, and he is sure that the world is created by people.
Secondly, the essence of humanistic education is humanistic spirit. Human spirit creates social history and culture, and human spirit produces wisdom, which is the root and premise of all science and all philosophy.
It can be seen that Vico analyzes education from the perspective of historical and cultural creators, and thinks that the basic task of education is to cultivate people's wisdom and avoid the degradation of human nature. Man is not only a natural life, but also a creator of social history.
(C) Dewey's philosophy of education
Dewey is the most influential philosopher and educator in America in the 20th century. On the one hand, he thought about the social phenomenon at that time, on the other hand, he deeply studied the education at that time, and finally formed his own educational concept.
Dewey criticized the disadvantages of traditional education and put forward many new and unusual introductions. He believes that education is not an individual's cause, but the responsibility of society, the public and the government, and it is the most effective tool for the progress of human society. Education is the process of social life, not the preparation of life. Education is life, education is growth, and education is the constant reorganization and transformation of experience. The influence of social life on people is complex and chaotic. Therefore, the school should become a typical, pure and ideal social environment, so that students can be well influenced in a good environment.
To sum up, Dewey's educational philosophy thought thinks about education and philosophy from the height of society. The study of educational philosophy should broaden social horizons, and education should be close to society, which is helpful to the construction of a democratic society.
Three. Summary and suggestions
Generally speaking, great progress has been made in the reform and development of education in China. But there are still some outstanding problems: First, educational theory is divorced from reality. Second, the educational concept is outdated. Third, basic education is troubled by the enrollment rate, and knowledge education is far from social reality, which leads to students' heavy burden and weariness of learning. It not only damages students' curiosity and self-confidence, but also delays the opportunity to cultivate students' scientific spirit and personality. Fourthly, forgetfulness is common in moral education.
Based on the educational theories and thoughts of the above-mentioned philosophical educators, I would like to put forward the following opinions and suggestions on how to promote the healthy and rapid development of China's education:
(1) Education in China should pay attention to the adaptation of social life and children's life.
Is China's education going through? After his critical thought, exam-oriented education gradually moved towards the road of quality education, paying attention to people's all-round development, but there are still problems in educational reality, such as being divorced from social life and children's life.
In Dewey's idea, education should be close to society, so should the construction of China's education system. Education should focus on reflecting the significance of social life, not divorced from the background of social life, and make students willing to learn from society itself through various practical activities, which is the best product of school education.
(B) Education should be committed to building a harmonious society.
A harmonious society is an ideal state for human survival and development, and social disharmony has a significant relationship with people's understanding and education. The new situation requires educators to do something, carry out reform and innovation from the aspects of educational ideas, educational objectives, educational contents and methods, take Scientific Outlook on Development as the guide, aim at the harmony between social development needs and people's own development, and take the harmonious campus culture and environment as the background, so that the educated can get all-round development.
(c) Higher education should focus on basic knowledge and implement general education.
At present, China's higher education is characterized by highly differentiated disciplines and vertical deepening of categories. This increasingly narrow and single specialized education can no longer meet the needs of social development in the era of big economy and big culture. So we must attach importance to knowledge under the new situation? Unity? 、? Integrity? . Appropriate integration of various disciplines, cross-teaching and infiltration training? Generalist? Genius.
(D) Higher education should pay attention to the close combination of science education and humanities education.
As mentioned above, the utilitarian or pragmatic tendency of education in China is growing rapidly, and the moral decline among students is becoming more and more serious. It can be seen that the close combination of science education and humanities education is a necessary measure for education in China. To achieve all-round social progress and improve the quality of the whole nation, Ah Zi must attach importance to science education and combine with humanities education, which is the coordinated and synchronous development of the two.
Sharing is better >>& gt Educational Philosophy Papers