This article comes from: Zhongke Software Park (www.4oa.com). Detailed citation reference:/bggw/sort02902/sort02952/183321.html.
Investigation report on rural education; Investigation report; An essay; Education is the key to the sustainable development of a country. In a developing country like China, we should especially increase investment in education. China is a big agricultural country with a rural population of 880 million, and the corresponding rural education should be strengthened. In order to better understand the current situation of rural education, I conducted a survey of rural education in Guangdong during the holiday, and found some problems in rural education, such as insufficient education funds and serious school debts. These problems not only affect the education of rural children, but also enable farmers to absorb new knowledge and master it.
Investigation report on rural education.
Education is the key to the sustainable development of a country. In a developing country like China, we should especially increase investment in education. China is a big agricultural country with a rural population of 880 million, and the corresponding rural education should be strengthened. In order to better understand the current situation of rural education, I conducted a survey of rural education in Guangdong during the holiday, and found some problems in rural education, such as insufficient education funds and serious school debts.
These problems not only affect the education of rural children, but also hinder farmers' absorption of new knowledge and the implementation of the rule of law. This is not only a problem of rural education, but also a crisis of rural education.
(www.4oa.com Education welcomes you to contribute)
First, rural schools are heavily in debt.
Due to the difficulty in collecting tuition fees for rural students and the shortage of office funds for teachers, many rural schools have to borrow from the private sector to maintain normal operation. In order to meet the standard of "nine-year consistent system", some schools borrow money from the private sector to build facilities, and at the beginning of the new school year, they will withdraw part of tuition and fees to pay off their debts. In some places, the education authorities, regardless of the current situation in rural areas, require some primary and secondary schools to achieve the "nine-year consistent system", which is tantamount to putting schools in heavy debt. Some schools spend a lot of money to cope with all kinds of inspections by superiors. As a result, the development of rural education has become more and more difficult, and many rural children have not been given fair educational opportunities, resulting in many rural children "sighing at learning" and having to drop out of school. The heavy debts of rural schools will seriously hinder the development of rural education.
Second, miscellaneous fees and books are unbearable for parents.
According to the survey, the rural economy is backward and farmers are relatively poor. When the financial expenditure is tight and it is difficult to pay teachers' salaries, the government will increase tuition and miscellaneous fees, and draw some of them to pay teachers' salaries to make up for the financial deficit. Some schools force students to buy some "counseling materials" from the publishing house in order to get kickbacks from the publishing house; Some courses in nine-year compulsory education, such as art, music and handicrafts, are useless because there are no teachers and no conditions to complete teaching, but students have to buy these books themselves. What's the use of these books besides increasing their burden? There is also a strange phenomenon in rural areas, that is, excessive apportionment, road construction, bridge construction, stage construction and so on. These all require them to pay. How can farmers cope with such a heavy burden by planting a few acres of land?
Third, there is a serious shortage of teachers, and there are many problems with teachers.
Most of the teachers who teach in rural schools are private teachers. Their academic qualifications are usually from junior high school to high school, and they have not received formal normal education. According to the regulations, it costs a lot of money to take the training exam. Due to the limited local financial expenditure, it is difficult to pay teachers' salaries in full, which brings a heavy burden to teachers. However, many teachers who teach in rural areas have to bear some apportionment, such as building roads and subscribing to local newspapers. All these expenses are directly deducted from teachers' salaries. These assessments are not discussed with teachers at all, just like robbers blocking roads and robbing, which directly harms the interests of teachers. On the one hand, local normal graduates return to their hometowns to teach, but the government is unable to accept them because of the large salaries, housing and welfare benefits of teachers. On the other hand, private teachers who have not received formal normal education have hindered the guidance and training of students because of their limited ability. This leads to the waste of educational resources, and the field of children's knowledge is getting narrower and narrower.
Fourth, unfair distribution of resources.
In the survey, we can see the unfair distribution of resources: various government, electric power, transportation and other institutions hold the power to control resources, and they use their power to maximize the interests of their own departments, or give priority to the funds they need from the financial allocation plan, and their offices and staff houses are the best. However, there are few educational resources, not to mention giving priority to the educational needs of urban population, and the educational resources obtained by rural population are very limited, which is far from meeting the educational needs of rural population. In a rural middle school, I saw a phenomenon: the basketball court is yellow mud, the football field is barren, and the laboratory instruments are old and difficult to use. How to carry out effective teaching in such facilities? On the contrary, in urban primary schools, teaching activities are varied and sports facilities and other teaching equipment can be said to be perfect. Why is there such a gap? Is the unfair distribution of resources. The unfair distribution of educational resources makes rural children in a very scarce environment, unable to receive a good education, which not only seriously hinders the development of rural children, but also increases the difficulty of rural youth employment.
Fifth, the problem of changing educational strategies
According to the survey, the limited funds provided by the local government to run rural education can't meet the needs of rural teenagers for education. Moreover, some poor areas will misappropriate education funds because of financial constraints. To change the present situation of rural education, we must first increase the input of rural educational resources and change the situation of insufficient rural educational resources to the maximum extent. First of all, we should focus on the misappropriation of educational funds and put the limited educational resources into practice. Quickly set up an investigation team to find out the debt situation of rural primary and secondary schools and the salary of teachers. Those who build school buildings due to debts should be paid by financial allocation so that schools can operate better; Secondly, increase investment in rural education. Relax private investment in running schools, supplement the lack of government investment in education, and establish a supervision mechanism for rural education investment. Thirdly, the authority of education management is delegated to the school, which increases the decision-making power of the school and provides a good school environment for the school; On the issue of rural teachers, it is necessary to effectively change the quality of teachers, increase the number of teachers and conduct good training, improve the level of teachers, establish a good teaching team, dismiss unqualified private teachers, recruit graduates with college degrees to teach in their hometowns, and at the same time improve the welfare of teachers according to the actual situation. Finally, increase the allocation of rural education resources. The local government should regard rural education as an important task, and when allocating resources to provide land resources and other equipment for rural education, focus on increasing rural education funds.
Analyze the current domestic higher education and employment problems.
Under the favorable environment of rapid national economic growth, we interviewed university graduates and generally heard the problem of difficult employment for college students. We can't help asking: Is it really that college students are saturated with talents and the market is indigestion? No, it's that the current university education lacks modern marketing consciousness. Under the dynamic environment, we should take the market demand as the guide, adjust the educational structure of colleges and universities, adapt to the needs of market economy, improve the quality of education, and enhance students' innovative ability and practical skills.
Material 1: According to the statistics of the Ministry of Education, in 200 1 year, there were1/kloc-0.5 million college graduates nationwide, and the initial employment rate in June was 70%. In 2002, the number of college graduates nationwide was 1.45 million, an increase of 27 1 10,000 compared with 2006, with an increase of 23. 1%. In June, the initial employment rate was 64.7%, which was about 5 percentage points lower than 200 1. In 2003, there were 265,438+200,000 college graduates nationwide, an increase of 670,000 or 46.2% over 2002. By June 20th, the signing rate of college graduates was only 50%. In 2004, there were 2.8 million college graduates in China, and the number of graduates from China University will reach 3.38 million in 2005, an increase of 580,000 over 2004. In addition, 700,000 college students who graduated last year are applying for jobs with them.
Material 2: Shenzhen "Two-way Selection of College Graduates in Spring 2005 and Professional Talent Exchange Meeting", the employer provided 6,000 jobs, and * * * attracted more than 80,000 college graduates to sign up for the competition. Is there a talent saturation in the ratio of 80000: 6000? On the contrary, the shortage of skilled talents in Shenzhen will be as high as 380,000 in three years. The contrast between the two is intriguing.
From the above two materials, it can be reflected that: on the one hand, the number of graduates has increased greatly, but the employment rate of students in recent five years is basically below 70%, and the employment rate is low; On the other hand, there is a shortage of skilled talents in the talent consumption market and the market supply is insufficient, so why is there an asymmetry between supply and demand in the market and false saturation of talents? We can analyze it from several aspects.
First of all: the industrial structure has undergone rapid transformation.
Since the reform and opening up in China from 65438 to 0978, the overall industrial structure has changed rapidly, and it has been continuously developed and improved with the improvement of economic development level and the acceleration of economic growth. With the acceleration of economic growth and structural transformation, the development of the primary industry is weakening, the secondary industry is still strengthening and the tertiary industry is growing rapidly. The upgrading of industry is closely related to the transformation of educational system and structure. The cultivation of educational talents needs to constantly carry out educational reform in response to the development needs of the industry and the dynamic environmental changes, so as to cultivate talents that meet the actual needs.
Secondly, the concept, system and structure of higher education market need to be improved.
On the one hand, market awareness is weak. At present, university education is still dominated by public education, and private education develops in a coordinated way. The main body of investment in public education is state funding, while colleges and universities are still traditional education methods, focusing only on production and planning large-scale enrollment. The education of students is a spoon-feeding theory, divorced from reality. As for whether the products produced meet the needs of market customers in the market and whether the product quality can be guaranteed, for example, students majoring in computer are very clear about the hardware structure of computers in theory, but they don't know the actual appearance of memory chips when they graduate. Can such products satisfy customers?
On the other hand, the educational structure needs to keep pace with the market. In the education of students, we can see such a phenomenon that flowers are similar year after year and people are different year after year. The same subjects, the same teachers speak the same things, even the handouts remain the same, but the students are different. Isn't it more cost-effective for schools to sell a tape recorder for such static education? The market is constantly changing and the industry is constantly upgrading. The corresponding student education should also keep pace with the times, develop synchronously, and even surpass development!
Moreover, the consumption environment of the talent market is becoming more and more rational.
Since the reform and opening up, the economic model has changed, from the original planned economy to the market economy, and the consumption of talents is regulated by the leverage of the market economy. The enterprise's employment mode stresses cost, seeks practical results, and emphasizes input and return. The demand for talents is to help improve the core competitiveness of enterprises. In particular, the "successor doctrine" of private enterprises not only expects the comprehensive quality of talents, but also has practical skills that can be used in posts. For example, fresh graduates in the talent exchange market often hear it.
Through the above analysis, how should we adjust?
First of all: the orientation of colleges and universities should be clear.
Colleges and universities are also a kind of enterprise model, but the difference is that the products they produce are special. Therefore, enterprises should have a clear market positioning. According to the modern marketing concept, take the market as the center and choose a clear market positioning strategy.
First: product strategy. According to the needs of the industry, train professional and technical personnel in a targeted manner; Second: brand strategy: build a well-known brand in the market, with high-tech, high-quality, high-quality products; Third, differentiation strategies: for example, seeking common ground while reserving differences, avoiding too serious homogenization, creating local advantages, establishing regional colleges with strong brands, highlighting personalized molding, establishing colleges with outstanding professional expertise, establishing cost advantages, and providing low-cost practical talents for the market.
Secondly, establish a market research, tracking and feedback mechanism.
On the one hand, grasp the market consumption demand, interact with employers, understand the consumption demand, and cultivate talents suitable for market consumption; on the one hand
To improve the quality of education, we should start with quality, theory and practice. We should also take the market as the center and guide the direction of education. According to market demand, establish employment marketing center to create consumer demand.
In a word, higher education needs to accelerate its development.
In order to meet the needs of market economy and society, we should comprehensively implement quality education, deepen the reform of education system, speed up the adjustment of education structure, improve the quality of higher education, and enhance students' innovation and practical ability to promote students' employment.
Education is the key to the sustainable development of a country. In a developing country like China, we should especially increase investment in education. China is a big agricultural country with a rural population of 880 million, and the corresponding rural education should be strengthened. In order to better understand the current situation of rural education, I conducted a survey of rural education in Guangdong during the holiday, and found some problems in rural education, such as insufficient education funds and serious school debts.
These problems not only affect the education of rural children, but also hinder farmers' absorption of new knowledge and the implementation of the rule of law. This is not only a problem of rural education, but also a crisis of rural education.
First, rural schools are heavily in debt.
Due to the difficulty in collecting tuition fees for rural students and the shortage of office funds for teachers, many rural schools have to borrow from the private sector to maintain normal operation. In order to meet the standard of "nine-year consistent system", some schools borrow money from the private sector to build facilities, and at the beginning of the new school year, they will withdraw part of tuition and fees to pay off their debts. In some places, the education authorities, regardless of the current situation in rural areas, require some primary and secondary schools to achieve the "nine-year consistent system", which is tantamount to putting schools in heavy debt. Some schools spend a lot of money to cope with all kinds of inspections by superiors. As a result, the development of rural education has become more and more difficult, and many rural children have not been given fair educational opportunities, resulting in many rural children "sighing at learning" and having to drop out of school. The heavy debts of rural schools will seriously hinder the development of rural education.
Second, miscellaneous fees and books are unbearable for parents.
According to the survey, the rural economy is backward and farmers are relatively poor. When the financial expenditure is tight and it is difficult to pay teachers' salaries, the government will increase tuition and miscellaneous fees, and draw some of them to pay teachers' salaries to make up for the financial deficit. Some schools force students to buy some "counseling materials" from the publishing house in order to get kickbacks from the publishing house; Some courses in nine-year compulsory education, such as art, music and handicrafts, are useless because there are no teachers and no conditions to complete teaching, but students have to buy these books themselves. What's the use of these books besides increasing their burden? There is also a strange phenomenon in rural areas, that is, excessive apportionment, road construction, bridge construction, stage construction and so on. These all require them to pay. How can farmers cope with such a heavy burden by planting a few acres of land?
Third, there is a serious shortage of teachers, and there are many problems with teachers.
Most of the teachers who teach in rural schools are private teachers. Their academic qualifications are usually from junior high school to high school, and they have not received formal normal education. According to the regulations, it costs a lot of money to take the training exam. Due to the limited local financial expenditure, it is difficult to pay teachers' salaries in full, which brings a heavy burden to teachers. However, many teachers who teach in rural areas have to bear some apportionment, such as building roads and subscribing to local newspapers. All these expenses are directly deducted from teachers' salaries. These assessments are not discussed with teachers at all, just like robbers blocking roads and robbing, which directly harms the interests of teachers. On the one hand, local normal graduates return to their hometowns to teach, but the government is unable to accept them because of the large salaries, housing and welfare benefits of teachers. On the other hand, private teachers who have not received formal normal education have hindered the guidance and training of students because of their limited ability. This leads to the waste of educational resources, and the field of children's knowledge is getting narrower and narrower.
Fourth, unfair distribution of resources.
In the survey, we can see the unfair distribution of resources: various government, electric power, transportation and other institutions hold the power to control resources, and they use their power to maximize the interests of their own departments, or give priority to the funds they need from the financial allocation plan, and their offices and staff houses are the best. However, there are few educational resources, not to mention giving priority to the educational needs of urban population, and the educational resources obtained by rural population are very limited, which is far from meeting the educational needs of rural population. In a rural middle school, I saw a phenomenon: the basketball court is yellow mud, the football field is barren, and the laboratory instruments are old and difficult to use. How to carry out effective teaching in such facilities? On the contrary, in urban primary schools, teaching activities are varied and sports facilities and other teaching equipment can be said to be perfect. Why is there such a gap? Is the unfair distribution of resources. The unfair distribution of educational resources makes rural children in a very scarce environment, unable to receive a good education, which not only seriously hinders the development of rural children, but also increases the difficulty of rural youth employment.
Fifth, the problem of changing educational strategies
According to the survey, the limited funds provided by the local government to run rural education can't meet the needs of rural teenagers for education. Moreover, some poor areas will misappropriate education funds because of financial constraints. To change the present situation of rural education, we must first increase the input of rural educational resources and change the situation of insufficient rural educational resources to the maximum extent. First of all, we should focus on the misappropriation of educational funds and put the limited educational resources into practice. Quickly set up an investigation team to find out the debt situation of rural primary and secondary schools and the salary of teachers. Those who build school buildings due to debts should be paid by financial allocation so that schools can operate better; Secondly, increase investment in rural education. Relax private investment in running schools, supplement the lack of government investment in education, and establish a supervision mechanism for rural education investment. Thirdly, the authority of education management is delegated to the school, which increases the decision-making power of the school and provides a good school environment for the school; On the issue of rural teachers, it is necessary to effectively change the quality of teachers, increase the number of teachers and conduct good training, improve the level of teachers, establish a good teaching team, dismiss unqualified private teachers, recruit graduates with college degrees to teach in their hometowns, and at the same time improve the welfare of teachers according to the actual situation. Finally, increase the allocation of rural education resources. The local government should regard rural education as an important task, and when allocating resources to provide land resources and other equipment for rural education, focus on increasing rural education funds.
Analyze the current domestic higher education and employment problems.
Under the favorable environment of rapid national economic growth, we interviewed university graduates and generally heard the problem of difficult employment for college students. We can't help asking: Is it really that college students are saturated with talents and the market is indigestion? No, it's that the current university education lacks modern marketing consciousness. Under the dynamic environment, we should take the market demand as the guide, adjust the educational structure of colleges and universities, adapt to the needs of market economy, improve the quality of education, and enhance students' innovative ability and practical skills.
Material 1: According to the statistics of the Ministry of Education, in 200 1 year, there were1/kloc-0.5 million college graduates nationwide, and the initial employment rate in June was 70%. In 2002, the number of college graduates nationwide was 1.45 million, an increase of 27 1 10,000 compared with 2006, with an increase of 23. 1%. In June, the initial employment rate was 64.7%, which was about 5 percentage points lower than 200 1. In 2003, there were 265,438+200,000 college graduates nationwide, an increase of 670,000 or 46.2% over 2002. By June 20th, the signing rate of college graduates was only 50%. In 2004, there were 2.8 million college graduates in China, and the number of graduates from China University will reach 3.38 million in 2005, an increase of 580,000 over 2004. In addition, 700,000 college students who graduated last year are applying for jobs with them.
Material 2: Shenzhen "Two-way Selection of College Graduates in Spring 2005 and Professional Talent Exchange Meeting", the employer provided 6,000 jobs, and * * * attracted more than 80,000 college graduates to sign up for the competition. Is there a talent saturation in the ratio of 80000: 6000? On the contrary, the shortage of skilled talents in Shenzhen will be as high as 380,000 in three years. The contrast between the two is intriguing.
From the above two materials, it can be reflected that: on the one hand, the number of graduates has increased greatly, but the employment rate of students in recent five years is basically below 70%, and the employment rate is low; On the other hand, there is a shortage of skilled talents in the talent consumption market and the market supply is insufficient, so why is there an asymmetry between supply and demand in the market and false saturation of talents? We can analyze it from several aspects.
First of all: the industrial structure has undergone rapid transformation.
Since the reform and opening up in China from 65438 to 0978, the overall industrial structure has changed rapidly, and it has been continuously developed and improved with the improvement of economic development level and the acceleration of economic growth. With the acceleration of economic growth and structural transformation, the development of the primary industry is weakening, the secondary industry is still strengthening and the tertiary industry is growing rapidly. The upgrading of industry is closely related to the transformation of educational system and structure. The cultivation of educational talents needs to constantly carry out educational reform in response to the development needs of the industry and the dynamic environmental changes, so as to cultivate talents that meet the actual needs.
Secondly, the concept, system and structure of higher education market need to be improved.
On the one hand, market awareness is weak. At present, university education is still dominated by public education, and private education develops in a coordinated way. The main body of investment in public education is state funding, while colleges and universities are still traditional education methods, focusing only on production and planning large-scale enrollment. The education of students is a spoon-feeding theory, divorced from reality. As for whether the products produced meet the needs of market customers in the market and whether the product quality can be guaranteed, for example, students majoring in computer are very clear about the hardware structure of computers in theory, but they don't know the actual appearance of memory chips when they graduate. Can such products satisfy customers?
On the other hand, the educational structure needs to keep pace with the market. In the education of students, we can see such a phenomenon that flowers are similar year after year and people are different year after year. The same subjects, the same teachers speak the same things, even the handouts remain the same, but the students are different. Isn't it more cost-effective for schools to sell a tape recorder for such static education? The market is constantly changing and the industry is constantly upgrading. The corresponding student education should also keep pace with the times, develop synchronously, and even surpass development!
Also, the consumption environment of the talent market is becoming more and more rational.
Since the reform and opening up, the economic model has changed, from the original planned economy to the market economy, and the consumption of talents is regulated by the leverage of the market economy. The enterprise's employment mode stresses cost, seeks practical results, and emphasizes input and return. The demand for talents is to help improve the core competitiveness of enterprises. In particular, the "successor doctrine" of private enterprises not only expects the comprehensive quality of talents, but also has practical skills that can be used in posts. For example, fresh graduates in the talent exchange market often hear it.
Through the above analysis, how should we adjust?
First of all: the orientation of colleges and universities should be clear.
Colleges and universities are also a kind of enterprise model, but the difference is that the products they produce are special. Therefore, enterprises should have a clear market positioning. According to the modern marketing concept, take the market as the center and choose a clear market positioning strategy.
First: product strategy. According to the needs of the industry, train professional and technical personnel in a targeted manner; Second: brand strategy: build a well-known brand in the market, with high-tech, high-quality, high-quality products; Third, differentiation strategies: for example, seeking common ground while reserving differences, avoiding too serious homogenization, creating local advantages, establishing regional colleges with strong brands, highlighting personalized molding, establishing colleges with outstanding professional expertise, establishing cost advantages, and providing low-cost practical talents for the market.
(www.4oa.com Education welcomes you to contribute)
Secondly, establish a market research, tracking and feedback mechanism.
On the one hand, grasp the market consumption demand, interact with employers, understand the consumption demand, and cultivate talents suitable for market consumption; on the one hand
To improve the quality of education, we should start with quality, theory and practice. We should also take the market as the center and guide the direction of education. According to market demand, establish employment marketing center to create consumer demand.
In a word, higher education needs to accelerate its development.
In order to meet the needs of market economy and society, we should comprehensively implement quality education, deepen the reform of education system, speed up the adjustment of education structure, improve the quality of higher education, and enhance students' innovation and practical ability to promote students' employment.
This article comes from: Zhongke Software Park (www.4oa.com). Detailed citation reference:/bggw/sort02902/sort02952/183321.html.
I hope it works for you. .