At that time, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression of China entered a stalemate. People who come back from America either smuggle gold or carry precious daily necessities. Security inspectors have never seen so many books. "When you return to China in wartime, you really don't even want your life. Do you have to bring so many books?" While speaking, the young man took out a professor's letter of appointment from Sun Yat-sen University. When the security inspector saw that the 27-year-old boy was actually a professor, he was in awe of him and was released. The man who desperately wanted to return to China and used teaching and scientific research to resist Japan was Lu Hefu, who was later recognized by international academic circles as "the father of nuclear energy in China" and "the first person to expose the secrets of the atomic bomb".
From heaven to hell
Lu Hefu graduated from yenching university in September, 1936, majoring in physics. On the recommendation of the dean, Lu Hefu went to the University of Minnesota, majoring in physics and minoring in mathematics.
After receiving his doctorate, Lu Hefu married Wu Runhui. On his honeymoon, he resolutely decided to give up all his advantages in the United States and return to China with his new wife to participate in the Anti-Japanese War. 194 1 year 1 1 month, Lu Hefu arrived at the headquarters of National Sun Yat-sen University in Shiping Town, Guangdong Province, and became a professor of science. When Yuan, dean of the Wisconsin School of Science, greeted the couple in Tangkou Village, he said with emotion, "You have fallen from heaven to hell."
The hardships of "hell" are gradually revealed. 1942 during the summer vacation, Lu Hefu's wife was due to give birth, but there was no maternity hospital in Shiping Town, so the couple had to take a boat to the railway station and then transfer to a county in Hunan. On the rickshaw from the station to the county hospital, Mrs. Lu was in labor pains and had to get off to speed up. Mrs. Lu gave birth to their eldest son as soon as she was pushed into the hospital delivery room.
After returning to Tangkou Village from the hospital, Mrs. Lu began to do housework. He carries his children to chop wood and cook every day, and chicken manure and cow dung are everywhere. After busy three meals a day, Lu Hefu prepares lessons under the oil lamp. In an ancient temple, he taught theoretical physics, nuclear physics, quantum mechanics and modern physics to senior college students.
With the deepening of the Japanese invasion, Lu Hefu fled the war to the west, was hired as a professor by exiled Guangxi University and Zhejiang University, and went to Guangxi and Guizhou successively. 1944, on his way to Guizhou, he passed a place called Yuanbaoshan, where local bandits appeared, burned and looted, and everyone dared not move forward. When Lu Hefu heard about it, he took a P.E. professor up the mountain to find the bandit leader. He said: "Now that the Japanese have come in, I have come back from abroad to resist Japan." He also showed him the professor's letter of appointment. Seeing this, the bandit leader was very moved. I didn't rob him that night, but invited him to eat and drink. The next day, he sent Lu Hefu and his party down the mountain and gave them a small apricot banner on each boat. This flag is a "special pass" for bandits, which can guarantee unimpeded passage through Lu Hefu.
Even in such an environment, Lu Hefu paid close attention to the trends of international academic circles when giving lectures. He copied all the academic magazines he could get, and his academic notes never stopped in the fire. In 1942, he wrote the article "Potential in Heavy Nuclei and Its Utilization", which was published in China Science in 1944, comprehensively expounded the experimental findings and related theories of nuclear fission, and predicted the possibility of large-scale utilization of atomic energy by mankind. It is regarded as "the first scientific work that comprehensively introduces the knowledge of atomic energy physics and its application to readers in China".
"Poked a hole in the sky"
After the founding of New China, Lu Hefu was transferred from Zhejiang University to the Department of Physics of Fudan University with the adjustment of disciplines in universities nationwide from 65438 to 0952. From 65438 to 0955, Lu Hefu was transferred to the Department of Technical Physics of Peking University by the then Ministry of Higher Education as the director of the neutron physics teaching and research section. In fact, he entered the top secret "546 training class" organized by teachers from universities all over the country.
This is a very special training course: there are 90 engineers, hundreds of senior college students selected from universities all over the country, as well as senior generals of the People's Liberation Army, including the later commander of the nuclear base. Among the later "founders of the two bombs", seven were students of Lu Hefu in the "546 Training Course".
At Peking University at that time, the teaching conditions were very backward, some experiments could not be carried out, and teaching was very difficult. In order to break through these difficulties, Lu Hefu explained many incomprehensible nuclear physics processes. After his explanation, the students got a deep understanding of them. 1956, Lu Hefu was rated as a first-class professor. At that time, he was only 42 years old, the youngest among the first-class professors.
1958, the task of the training class ended, and many teachers and students were assigned to the atomic bomb experimental base. Lu Hefu wrote to Jiang Nanxiang, Minister of Higher Education, and Song Renqiong, Minister of the Second Engineering Department, saying that the basic theory he specialized in could only play a role in universities. He has been teaching all his life and hopes to go back to Fudan for further study. Lu Hefu returned to Fudan Forum on 1958 with the special approval of Song Renqiong and the consent of Jiang Nanxiang.
In the special period of the Cultural Revolution, Lu Hefu still insisted on scientific research. From 1970 to 1985, he left many scientific research notes. His diary is different from that of ordinary people. On the cover, it is marked with "red" and "special". "Red" records daily life and "special" records professional content. It turned out that he was afraid that the research diary would be caught. If someone wants to say something, he will say, "I keep a diary according to the requirements of being red and professional."
1980, Lu Hefu was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences (later renamed China Academy of Sciences). Until his later years, Lu Hefu never stopped the pace of scientific research and innovation. 1995, Lu Hefu and his disciple Wang Shiming, aged 8 1 year, wrote a paper entitled "Direct Verification of Mach Principle", which was published in Galileo Electrodynamics. The editor-in-chief of this magazine commented on this paper: "It opened up a new direction to challenge Einstein." This article was previously rejected by the American journal of physics. In this regard, Lu Hefu said frankly: "Most editorial departments dare not publish such articles. They are superstitious about Einstein and are afraid that others will say that they don't understand physics. " He is not afraid of being considered crazy. About this paper, he said, "I just poked a hole in the sky!" " "Just as the research was about to continue, Lu Hefu died in 1997, leaving the world with eight outlines and 44 ongoing studies. The published papers are only110 of his research content.
On this question about Einstein's theory of relativity, in 2002, the National Academy of Sciences of the United States invested a huge sum of money to conduct experiments in this field by launching satellites.
People with stories and feelings
Lu Hefu is not only a world-famous physicist, but also a famous Beijing opera fan. The combination of science and art increased his personality charm.
Lu Hefu performed Peking Opera many times in his life. When he was studying in yenching university, Beijing was in the heyday of Peking Opera. Lu Hefu and his classmates performed such plays as Lost Street Pavilion and Banquet in Qionglin, and their stills and reports appeared in newspapers. The newspaper commented: "Several vocals are plain, well-made and perfectly matched." 1940, at the university of Minnesota, participated in the "anti-Japanese donation benefit performance" hosted by Song Meiling and performed "Shiro visits his mother"; 1945 worked as a teacher at Zhejiang University in Meitan, Guizhou, and once again took the stage to sing for the Yellow River Relief Charity Show. Lu Hefu's hobby of singing Peking Opera has been with him all his life.
Someone asked Lu Hefu why he loved Peking Opera so much. He replied, "The traditional Peking Opera in China contains a philosophy of life. It preaches loyalty and filial piety, not feudal dross. There is absolutely no need for us to abandon it, because it is only good for social stability, not bad. Besides, after busy and intense work, singing Beijing opera makes me feel particularly relaxed and happy, which is tantamount to a' refreshing agent'. Also, singing Beijing opera often can increase lung capacity, which is very good for a person's health and longevity. "
He even brought Beijing Opera to physics class. Zhang Shouye, a graduate student under the guidance of Lu Hefu, recalled that Lu Hefu said when talking about neutron physics that when a neutron hits the nucleus, the energy at the critical state is called saddle point in physics. When the energy is higher than this, it will drop, fission will happen irreversibly, and the nucleus will start to split. Having said that, Lu Hefu suddenly changed the subject: "I remember that Zhuge Liang left Qishan six years ago, and that place was Saddle Point." After that, I sang a few words of Peking Opera. With this singing, the atmosphere became very lively and everyone relaxed. The concept of saddle point is deeply left in students' minds.
Because of his profound accumulation in science and humanities, after Lu Hefu's death, both the University of Houston and the University of Minnesota erected bronze statues for him, and Honolulu also designated June 15 as "Lu Hefu Day" every year. Recently, on the occasion of Lu Hefu's centenary birthday, Fudan University also erected a bronze statue for him on campus. At the commemorative meeting, Yang, president of Fudan University and academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, said: "Mr. Wang is not only an academic master, but also a person with stories and feelings. This is the most precious, and we admire him most. "
(Liu Qingchun from Xinmin Weekly, 27th issue, 20 14)