Disasters that have great influence on civil engineering mainly include: earthquake, typhoon, fire, geological disaster, explosion and terrorist attack.
Disasters can generally be divided into natural disasters, man-made disasters and disasters caused by the interaction between man and nature. Natural disasters are natural phenomena encountered in human progress and social development, and their consequences may cause huge loss of life and property, seriously damage social functions and affect the process of social development. On a global scale, human beings are threatened by all kinds of natural disasters all the time, and reducing natural disasters has become a common task facing all mankind.
Every year, many disasters affect civil engineering all over the world. Serious disasters will cause the collapse and destruction of buildings and structures, interrupt lifeline projects such as traffic and communication, water supply and power supply, trigger secondary disasters, cause a large number of casualties, property losses, urban paralysis, social unrest, serious economic losses, and even a village and a city disappear instantly. Casualties and property losses caused by disasters mainly refer to the collapse and destruction of civil engineering and its facilities, as well as the secondary disasters caused by it. Therefore, civil engineering plays a very important role in disaster prevention and mitigation.
Early civil engineering mainly solved the basic problems of human's "living and traveling", but did not realize the problem of disaster prevention. However, several major disasters in history and their damage to civil engineering facilities have made people pay more and more attention to civil engineering disaster prevention and mitigation. These major disasters make people experience the impact of earthquakes and fires (secondary disasters) on human survival, and human beings begin to further understand and attach great importance to the importance of earthquake engineering, improve the seismic capacity of buildings and engineering facilities, and improve the comprehensive disaster prevention capability of cities and the quality of disaster prevention and mitigation projects.
China's disaster prevention and mitigation strategy is "economic construction and disaster prevention and mitigation should be grasped together". Civil engineering disaster prevention and mitigation is an important part of national disaster prevention and mitigation strategy. The connotation of disaster prevention and mitigation includes: disaster prevention before disaster, disaster resistance during disaster and disaster relief after disaster, in short, prevention, resistance and rescue.
With the development of civil engineering, disaster prevention and mitigation of civil engineering is gradually recognized by people. It is a relatively new field in civil engineering, and it is also the most likely to apply high technology in other scientific and technological fields. Civil engineering disaster prevention and mitigation involves earthquake engineering, wind engineering, structural fire resistance, geological disaster prevention, structural explosion resistance, protective engineering, urban comprehensive disaster prevention and so on. Among these branches, there are many international academic organizations, and the academic exchange activities of most academic organizations have been serialized and standardized, which has effectively promoted international academic exchanges and the development of this branch.
Disaster prevention and mitigation is a grand systematic project, which is related to social development and human progress. Therefore, it is necessary to do a good job in disaster prevention and mitigation before the disaster, emergency treatment during the disaster, disaster relief and recovery and reconstruction after the disaster. Mainly do a good job in pre-disaster prediction, strengthen and consolidate disaster prevention facilities for new projects, and compile and implement disaster prevention plans for existing projects. A large number of disaster experiences show that pre-disaster prevention is an effective way to reduce disasters. The policy of "putting prevention first" is undoubtedly correct. Humans have no ability to prevent disasters, but they can reduce the disaster losses suffered by buildings, avoid casualties and reduce economic losses through disaster prevention.
To do a good job in disaster prevention and mitigation, we should not only do a good job in engineering measures, but also do a good job in non-engineering measures, that is, strive to do a good job in disaster prevention and mitigation for the whole people and improve their awareness and ability in disaster prevention and mitigation. In the non-engineering measures for disaster prevention and mitigation, at least the following work should be done:
1. Continue to educate citizens on disaster prevention and mitigation. You can publicize the basic knowledge of disaster prevention and mitigation through the media and other forms, so that the masses can master the skills of self-defense, self-help and mutual rescue, and don't panic in times of crisis. Through self-help and mutual aid by the masses, casualties and losses can be reduced, and the occurrence and spread of secondary disasters can be reduced.
2. Strengthen the organization and construction of national, provincial, local and civil disaster emergency rescue teams. Effective rescue and disaster relief must be carried out at the first time after the disaster, which requires organized, equipped and skilled professional teams and volunteers. Governments at all levels can, according to the characteristics of local disasters, combine local economic and social development planning, adjust measures to local conditions, comprehensively consider the tasks, organizations, scale and quantity of emergency rescue teams, optimize resource allocation, and meet the needs of disaster prevention.
3. Give play to the leading role of the government in urban disaster prevention and mitigation. Many experiences in disaster prevention and mitigation have proved that government actions play a key role in mitigating various disasters. The formulation and implementation of laws and regulations on disaster prevention and mitigation need the leading role of the government, the education on disaster prevention and mitigation needs the participation and support of the government, the improvement of comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation capacity of urban infrastructure and lifeline system needs the input and implementation of the government, the improvement of comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation capacity of industrial enterprises needs the supervision and guidance of the government, and the organization and command of disaster relief needs the unified wisdom and coordination of the government. Facts have proved that after the disaster, the government was slow to respond and the rescue work lacked unified command. The casualties and property losses caused by disasters are much greater.
At this stage, what I have to do is to learn and absorb the understanding of the importance of civil engineering in disaster prevention and mitigation and its implementation, read more books to improve the awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation, and pay close attention to the practical application of civil engineering in disaster prevention and mitigation (including building structure, materials used in disaster prevention and mitigation of civil engineering and their engineering quality, so as to avoid cutting corners and practicing fraud, etc.). ), so as to do a good job in the practical application and understanding of civil engineering and various civil engineering activities in the future.
If I engage in civil engineering and related undertakings in the future, I will be strict and self-disciplined, and the quality of construction projects will be guaranteed, and I will not cut corners. Minimize the loss rate caused by disasters.