We all know that the State of Qin is ruled by the Legalist School, and the representative of the Legalist School is Han Feizi.
However, the relationship between Han Feizi and Qin was very close in history, but it was short-lived. Some people even say that Han Feizi was really unlucky because of Qin, and finally his soul returned to Qin.
Let's take a look at the origin of Han Feizi first. .
1. He is a representative of Legalism. He is an excellent scholar and writer, and his academic works are unique.
At first, he taught himself Taoism and Laozi's thoughts. Later, when Xunzi of Confucianism arrived in Chu, he went to worship Xunzi as a teacher and then embraced everything. He combined the advantages of Shang Yang's attaching importance to law, Shen Yang's attaching importance to technique and Shen Dao's attaching importance to power, and based on Confucianism and Taoism, he formed a great fusion of legalist thoughts.
His imperial management technique "rule by law, rule by skill and rule by situation" has a great influence on later generations.
As one of Xunzi's disciples, he and Li Si are brothers.
Law refers to "perfecting the legal system and governing the country according to law".
Art refers to "strategy and means", and the emperor needs the ability to control ministers, master political power and enforce laws and regulations.
Potential refers to "status and power, national authority". The emperor should be in charge of military and political power alone, and should discover and prevent rebellion crimes in time to safeguard the supremacy of the monarch.
Han Fei integrates "law, technique and situation", adopts its strengths and abandons its weaknesses, and finally becomes a representative figure of a new generation of legalists.
In his view, the monarch should make good use of political skills, and his deputies must abide by the law to govern the country.
In his view, the monarch should not trust his deputy too much, but also "examine the names of criminals"
In law, Han Fei particularly emphasized the ideas of "stopping punishment with punishment" and "severe punishment" and "severe punishment".
He believes that it is not enough to have laws and technology alone, but also to have "potential" to ensure it.
Han Fei's political ideal is to establish a unified feudal country with centralized monarchy;
He summed up the historical lessons of weak emperors and strong ministers, and advocated the establishment of a unified feudal country with centralized monarchy.
In his works, the words "New Saint", "Yan", "Imperial Capital", "Imperial Capital" and "For the World" all reflect his desire.
In Yangquan, he mentioned that the centralization of monarchy should be "everything is in the middle, and saints are effective in all directions", with unity instead of division and centralization instead of separatism.
Han Fei's articles were collected and sorted into Han Fei Zi by later generations, with 20 volumes and 55 articles, about100000 words. Most of Han Fei's works are his own papers, which are of great literary value.
Han Feizi is of great literary value. If you want to learn how to write a paper, you can read this book carefully. There are hundreds of fables in this book. The more famous ones are self-contradiction, waiting for the rabbit, avoiding illness and doctors, filling in the blanks, finding the way for the old horse, being empty in color, suspicious of neighbors, addicted to fish, refusing to eat, stealing money, filling in the blanks and being in a dilemma.
2. He is a noble of the Korean royal family. He didn't take the initiative or go to Qin.
At the end of the Warring States period, South Korea was weak and sandwiched between Qin, Chu, Wei, Zhao and Qi. Han Feizi has written to Wang Han many times, but it has never been reused. In desperation, I started writing books. He wrote Lonely Anger, Five Clues, Inside Tibet, Outside Tibet, Forest, Difficulties and so on. These books didn't impress the king of Korea, but they were appreciated by Ying Zheng, the king of Qin.
According to Historical Records, the king of Qin saw the book of loneliness and anger and said, "Well, I have to see this man traveling with him, and I won't hate him even if I die!"
In 233 BC, Qin attacked South Korea because the king of Qin liked Han Feizi, and South Korea begged for mercy. During the negotiation, it was learned that Qin wanted Han Feizi, so South Korea sent Han Feizi to Qin. After Han Feizi went to the state of Qin, the king of Qin finally met Han Feizi, who he liked for a long time, but did not reuse him.
There are two reasons for historical speculation.
First, Han Feizi stutters and is probably not very handsome. His appearance is greatly inferior to the articles he wrote. So the king of Qin was a little disappointed.
Second, although Han Feizi's theory is very good, there are always views that are inconsistent with the goal of Qin's reunification of the country. For example, he insisted on "protecting Korea and destroying Zhao". To this end, he wrote a paper "Save North Korea".
At this time, Li Si advocated that the king of Qin must destroy Korea first. Although the King of Qin adopted Li Si's suggestion of "destroying Korea first", Li Si knew that Han Feizi was very capable and eloquent, and Li Si was ashamed. In order to prevent the king of Qin from being persuaded by Han Feizi in the future, Reese and Yao Jia jointly wrote to the king of Qin to persuade him to kill Han Feizi.
Having said that, I have to mention another important person, Yao Jia. This Yao Jia is also an important official of the State of Qin, and he also has an old grudge with Han Feizi.
At the beginning, Yanzhao and Wu Chu formed an alliance and prepared to attack the State of Qin. Yao Jia recommended himself to the King of Qin as the ambassador to the four countries. Successfully stopped the strategy of the four countries to jointly attack Qin, and also reached friendly and cooperative relations with these four countries. The king of Qin was very happy and gave him a large reward. But at this time, Han Feizi jumped out and accused Qin of making friends with princes privately.
The King of Qin angered Yao Jia and asked him: Yao Jia is also a capable person. He calmly responded, persuaded the king of Qin to continue trusting him, and punished Han Feizi.
So Reese and Yao Jia teamed up against Han Feizi. They wrote to the king of Qin and said, "Han Fei, son of Han also. Today, the king wants to be a vassal, but he will not be a Han or A Qin. This person's love is also. Today, the king doesn't need it, but he stayed for a long time and came back. This is a legacy, so it is better to punish it by law. "
Han Feizi is a Korean aristocrat, so he must really think of South Korea. His proposal of "protecting Korea and destroying Zhao" proves this point, which is human nature and understandable. But now, your majesty, you don't value him. If you put him back in South Korea, with his skill, if you help South Korea, there will be endless troubles. It's better to think of a reason to kill him, so as to avoid endless future trouble.
Have to say, Li Siyao Jia can say the truth of the king of Qin for three transgressions of four times, which is what the king of Qin was worried about, so everything was done by them, and finally he was forced to commit suicide in prison.
It's a pity that a generation of leading legalists died in the state of Qin.
Qin later unified the world, and governing the country was to establish the first centralized country in China's history by using Han Feizi's theory of law. This system is still the best national management system in the world.
Remarks: At the end of the Warring States Period, the war between Qin and South Korea.
Before 264: Qin defeated Han, pulled out nine cities and beheaded 50 thousand.
Before 263: Wu Qin An Jun conquered Korea and took Nanyang; Attack the Taihang road and stop it.
262 BC: Qin conquered Korea and pulled out the wild king. Shangdang road will never be lost, and Han Xian is the party Zhao.
Before 256: Qin conquered Korea, took Yangcheng, lost millet and beheaded 40 thousand people.
In the first 254 years, the king of Korea entered the Qin Dynasty.
249 BC: Qin conquered Korea and took Gaoping and Xingyang as Sanchuan County of Qin State.
246 BC: Han made the hydraulic engineer stay in Qin State.
244 BC: Meng Ao conquered Korea and occupied 12 cities.
The first 24 1 year: Chu, Zhao, Wei, Han and Wei jointly attacked Qin, with the king of Chu as the ally. In spring, Shen Jun used something and took Shouling. At Hanguguan, the Qin division went out, and all the divisions of the five countries were defeated (the Battle of Hanguguan).
In 233 BC, the king of Han received the local title of Qin, asked him to be a vassal, and asked Han Fei to hire Qin.
23 1 year ago: Han presented Nanyang land to Qin.
First 230 years: Qin destroyed Korea, captured it, and set Yingchuan County as its land. Wu Han.
During the hegemony of Chu and Han, South Korea resumed China and was later destroyed.
Historical reference:
Biography of Lao Fei in Historical Records
Historical Records of Qin Shihuang's Biography
"Warring States Policy, Qin Ce V" [5]