Keywords: writing guidance for primary school students' scientific papers
1 quality standard of scientific papers
1. 1 scientific
Scientificity is one of the important characteristics that distinguish scientific papers from other genres, and it is the life of scientific papers. It requires scientific topics, correct research methods, conclusive arguments, reasonable and logical arguments, and concise and accurate words.
1.2 Creativity
The topic selection and main viewpoints of small papers should have their own new discoveries and original opinions. Of course, if you further study on the basis of others' research, it is also feasible and creative to put forward novel, unique and fully demonstrated views.
1.3 practicability
The title of the paper must be discovered by the author himself in scientific exploration activities; The arguments supporting the main points must be obtained by the author through observation, investigation, experiment and other research methods, and have practical basis; The paper must be written by the author himself. There can be no signs of fabrication, speculation or adult substitution. The above "three natures" are the quality standards for measuring scientific papers.
2 Classification of scientific papers
2. 1 scientific observation essay
Scientific observation essay refers to teenagers' careful observation of something or a natural phenomenon, careful analysis and comprehensive study of the obtained materials and data, and then draw conclusions and make scientific explanations and descriptions. It should be noted that the research objects in scientific observation essays are objective natural things or phenomena, and no artificial conditions or personal prejudice can be attached.
2.2 scientific experimental papers
Essays on scientific experiments, sometimes called "experimental reports", are articles in which primary school students create specific conditions for the research objects, analyze the obtained materials and data after repeated experiments, and draw comprehensive conclusions. It focuses on the objective description of the experimental process and the scientific explanation of experimental phenomena.
Our ups and downs, cold and heat, dissolution, magnets and sound units can all be written as essays on scientific experiments. This is a small composition form with the most teaching contents combined with textbooks.
2.3 scientific research papers
If you want to study the pollution degree of a certain water area closely related to people's lives, the air pollution source in a certain place, and find out the evolution process of a strange mountain, the animal and plant resources and distribution in a certain range, you have to make a field trip. A small paper written through investigation, interview and field investigation is called a scientific investigation small paper. Sometimes it is also called "scientific investigation report" and "scientific investigation report". When writing a small paper on scientific investigation, it is sometimes specimens or photos of animals, plants, rocks, soil, etc. It should be attached to the text to enhance persuasiveness.
2.4 scientific explanation essay
Scientific explanatory text refers to a kind of article that the author explains and explains a natural phenomenon or thing by using accurate and verifiable materials. Generally speaking, it does not directly adopt research methods such as observation, experiment and investigation, but mainly obtains rich second-hand information from books, periodicals and teachers, and expounds a certain point of view in a language it understands through its own comprehensive analysis and logical reasoning. Although there is no evidence from the first three kinds of personal practice, this kind of article is, after all, a new viewpoint and opinion put forward by the author after careful collection, collation and comprehensive analysis of the information.
3 How to guide students to write small scientific papers in science class
Let students write small scientific papers in class, we must seize the opportunity. When we study the content of each unit, we should not ask students to write at the beginning of each unit, because at this time, students have just come into contact with this part of knowledge and have not got a deeper understanding. Without personal observation, experiment and research, they can't write anything. Even if they do, it is not true, and it is not good for the cultivation of students' scientific literacy. So I asked students to start writing small scientific papers when the content of each unit was almost finished, because at this time I had put in what I had learned in class; I have done all the necessary experiments, and I have had personal experience. The next step is to write a small scientific paper. To write a short paper, you must find the title of the paper. Then, there are many contents in each unit of science textbooks, so it is obviously unrealistic to ask students to write small papers for each content. Therefore, first of all, we should teach students to learn how to choose topics for small papers.
Writing a thesis begins with choosing a topic. There are many ways to choose the topic of scientific papers, which you can choose according to different situations. There are mainly the following four methods of topic selection:
3. 1 accidental discovery method
Accidental discovery method is that students accidentally discover a problem while learning the content of a unit, and then conduct research. This kind of topic is not considered in advance, but only interested in the fleeting phenomenon discovered by accident, so as to seize it and seek the source. For example, when I was talking about the content of Plant Life, a student in Class 4 (2) suddenly raised his hand and asked me a question. He said: "Most plants will lose their leaves in winter, so why do maple leaves just turn red instead of falling for the winter?" Because I didn't think of this question beforehand and couldn't answer it, I said to the students, "The teacher hasn't studied this question either. Your idea is very good. I hope you can study it well. " Then it will be very good to write your research results into a small scientific paper. "After class, the children really went to carefully observe the maple leaves, read a lot of information and wrote a paper on why the maple leaves don't fall in winter.
3.2 classroom extension method
Classroom extension method refers to in-depth study based on the original knowledge of textbooks. For example, when I participated in the dissolution content, I arranged a small topic for the students after letting them master the knowledge of dissolution. What is the difference between mixing and dissolving that we have learned? This question is an extension of this unit, but the students made a careful distinction without fear and wrote a small paper entitled "The Difference between Mixing and Dissolution".
3.3 Question inquiry method
Question inquiry method is to ask a question first and then explore. This method is often used in science classes. Because there are many different problems waiting for students to solve in science class, it is relatively simple to find small paper topics in this way. This is the way to find a topic in a small paper that has been written. For example, "Will copper balls expand when heated and contract when cooled?" "Where do the nutrients of plants come from?" and "Is flour soluble in water?" And so on.
3.4 Teacher Guidance Law
For example, middle school students grow impatiens in the life cycle of plants and raise silkworms in the life cycle of animals, but they don't know where to start. You can let the teacher choose the topic according to your actual situation and conditions.
After the topic is determined, materials can be selected and analyzed. The specific content is to make a research plan, collect and sort out data, conduct in-depth field visits, conduct observation experiments, analyze various materials and draw conclusions.
After sorting out and analyzing the materials, you can start writing. Although there is no fixed format, writing should generally follow the steps of asking questions, making assumptions, researching and analyzing, and drawing conclusions. Generally speaking, a scientific paper should include the following parts: title, beginning, text and ending.
In addition, the conclusions drawn should have their own unique opinions and be consistent with the arguments, which should have strict logic. Words should be concise and vivid, with distinct levels and clear organization. After the first draft of the paper is completed, it will be revised repeatedly. See whether the beginning is concise, whether the argument is typical and true, whether the argument is logical, whether the argument is novel and coherent, whether the paragraphs are naturally connected, and whether the language is smooth and accurate. Let the classmates and teachers help to revise, and gradually improve after the revision.
4 conclusion
Scientific composition is actually a summary written by primary school students after observation or experiment in scientific activities. It can be the conclusion after observing one thing, the conclusion after analyzing hands-on experiments, and the summary after visiting a place. Primary school science is a subject that enlightens students scientifically, so it is destined to be basic and should be highly valued in the teaching process. This paper mainly analyzes the writing quality standards of scientific papers, and puts forward the guiding methods for teachers in the teaching process.
References:
[1] Curriculum Standard of Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China (PRC) (Science Grade 3-6) (experimental draft). Beijing Normal University Press, 200 1.