The significance of topic selection and the problems needing attention. The so-called topic selection, as its name implies, is to choose the topic of graduation thesis, that is, to select and determine the problems to be studied and demonstrated before writing the thesis. When discussing the topic, we should first make clear the three concepts of topic, topic and topic. These three are all academic problems of a certain discipline, but they are different. First of all, the topic is different from the topic. A subject usually refers to a major scientific research project of a certain discipline, and its research scope is much larger than the subject. For example, the construction of socialist spiritual civilization is a big topic, including many topics, such as the position and function of spiritual civilization, the content and characteristics of spiritual civilization, the relationship between spiritual civilization and material civilization, the development of culture, education and science in spiritual civilization, and the construction of ideological morality. Secondly, the topic is different from the topic. Topic refers to the title of the paper, and its research scope is generally smaller than the topic. For example, if the author chooses the topic of ideological and political work in enterprises, he can choose many specific topics to write his thesis: the characteristics of ideological and political work in enterprises in the new period, the problems in the construction of party organizations in foreign-funded enterprises, the guiding principles of ideological and political work in enterprises, and the need to grasp people's ideological laws in ideological and political work. Correct and appropriate topic selection is of great significance to writing graduation thesis. By selecting the topic, we can roughly see the author's research direction and academic level. Einstein once said that in the face of science, "it is often more important to ask questions than to solve them". Asking questions is the first step to solve problems. Choosing the right topic is equivalent to completing half of the thesis writing. Choosing a good topic can play a multiplier role. First, the topic selection can determine the value and utility of graduation thesis. Of course, the achievement and value of graduation thesis will be evaluated by the final completion and objective utility of the article. But the topic selection plays an important role in it. Choosing a topic is not only a process of setting a topic and simply defining the scope for the article, but also a process of early scientific research. Choosing a good topic requires the author's thinking, comparison, deliberation and careful planning. Once the topic is selected, it shows that the outline of the paper has been roughly formed in the author's mind. As Zhang Shiying, a famous philosopher in China, said, "It is not easy to ask a decent question, but it is a very important thing. It is not easy to say it, because the problem itself needs to be studied; It is impossible for a person who does not study a certain line to ask questions about a certain line. Just because raising a decent question requires a research process, we can also say that the question has been raised honorably, and the content and value of this article are somewhat. This is the importance of the topic. " (Quoted from How to Write Academic Papers, Wang Li, Zhu Guangqian, etc. The title of the paper is meaningful and the paper written is valuable. If the topic is meaningless, even with great efforts, no matter how good the structure and language of the article are, it will not have positive effects and functions. Second, the topic can make an estimate of the article in advance. A good graduation thesis topic can make a basic estimate of the article in advance. This is because, before determining the topic, the author always has to contact, collect, sort out and study a large number of materials, and determine his own research direction from the analysis and selection of materials to the topic selection. In this research process, the object reflected by objective things or materials constantly collides with the author's thinking movement, resulting in * * * sound. It is in this contradictory movement of unity of opposites that the author has a spark and leap in understanding. This leap must contain reasonable elements, or own unique views, or deepen existing conclusions, or refute different views, and so on. In a word, this leap and ideological spark is an important ideological basis for the graduation thesis to be written. For example, Zhou Jianping, the author of the article entitled "The Method and Artistic Analysis of Leadership Highlighting Work Priorities" included in Chapter 12 of this book, has been engaged in party and government leadership for a long time, and has served as secretary of the township party committee, secretary of the district committee, deputy director of the organization department of the county party committee, director of the county labor and personnel bureau and director of the county finance and taxation bureau. In his work practice, he deeply realized that leading cadres have several jobs and their jobs should change frequently. The jurisdiction of township work is not large, but "the sparrow is small and complete", with a needle above and a line below, everything must be managed. As the leader of the county government department, although the function is relatively simple, the line is long and the scope is wide. As the main leader, how to effectively lead the work of the region and the department, there is a scientific leadership method and leadership art problem. When selecting the topic of graduation thesis of Correspondence College of Central Party School, on the basis of collecting materials from many parties and careful consideration, using materialist dialectics and combining with my own work practice, I chose the topic "Leadership Methods and Leadership Art", which not only focused on work, but also achieved success. Issues needing attention in topic selection ① Selection of research content of thesis (1) Postgraduate thesis research is aimed at the generally unsolved problems in specific fields, and new theories, methods and models to solve the problems are put forward and verified through research. (2) On the basis of literature review and analysis, students should first answer: what are the unresolved key problems in this field, what are the main solutions to these problems at present, who is using what methods and technologies to solve these problems, what degree of solutions they have achieved or expect to achieve in the near future, and what major defects they still have in solving these problems. Students should discover the important scientific problems embodied or hidden in these "defects". (3) Then, students must answer emphatically: According to the previous analysis, which "defects" or "flaws" they intend to study and the scientific problems they represent actually constitute the specific research problems of the thesis. The so-called topic selection, topic determination and topic opening should all be implemented as this specific research problem. Then, students should explain the significance of solving this problem (namely "research significance"), the degree to which they hope to solve this problem through thesis research (namely "research goal"), what ideas or basic methods they intend to follow to solve this problem (namely "research route"), what difficulties and doubts may exist in solving this problem according to this idea or method, and what is the possibility of solving these difficulties and doubts (namely "research feasibility"). (4) Postgraduate thesis research is not a comprehensive summary of a subject or a field, nor a textbook, nor is it a simple analysis and collation of other people's views, nor can it systematize other people's achievements as its own "original achievements". Students really need to sort out their own research fields, find meaningful key problems to be solved, and choose appropriate specific research problems through literature review and analysis, but they must accurately gather into specific original research problems with scientific significance to ensure that their innovative research on this issue is clear and important in terms of topic selection, research work connotation, work weight and paper length weight. (5) When choosing a research question, students should fully consider the importance and originality of the research question itself on the one hand, and carefully consider the feasibility of the research on the other. A reliable scientific research needs certain conditions, such as whether you are familiar with the basic knowledge of the problem field, whether there are systematic and reliable methods and ways to obtain the data needed for research, whether you can reliably master the technologies and methods used in the research process, whether you have a reasonable grasp of obtaining other resources needed in the research process, and so on. (2) Selection of research methods (1) The so-called research methods mainly refer to the main methods adopted by students when solving specific research problems. Through this method, students can be promoted and guaranteed to study specific problems objectively, systematically and accurately, and all possible mistakes in research can be avoided and eliminated as much as possible. (2) Strictly speaking, research method is not a simple term, but a methodological thought, method implementation process and specific operational considerations for specific research problems. Through these, we can tell people (or prove to people) whether this research process can really reveal and explain the phenomena to be studied and their relationships, especially whether we can obtain objective, systematic and accurate data necessary for studying these phenomena and their relationships, and whether we can scientifically and accurately analyze these data to reveal, explain and verify these data. (3) The research method needs specific design, that is, the methodology thought, the implementation process of the method and the overall design of the specific operation. This is also one of the most important tasks in the opening stage from the perspective of ensuring the scientificity, credibility and operability of the research. Students should fully consider the nature of their own research problems and choose research methods that may be suitable for design. (4) The research method should have necessary details. At least in the opening report, teachers need to know the necessary details of research methods, such as how to build a model, how to collect and analyze data, how to verify the research results, and how to avoid and eliminate possible mistakes in each link. This is the so-called "technical route" in a broad sense. We must pay attention to understanding and analyzing the research methods used in related fields (especially doctoral dissertations), and modify and improve them according to our own research problems and research environment. (5) Remember not to confuse research methods with your basic thinking and analysis methods (such as reasoning, deduction, comparative analysis, etc.). ) In thesis research, because these are the basis of any research. If you take some basic thinking methods as your research methods, such as comparative analysis, that is to say, the research content is mainly to systematically compare related phenomena in two or more different fields, and then analyze and explain the differences (and then make suggestions). ③ With regard to document search (1), the concept of "document" should be expanded. In the networked environment, the latest content often appears on the network first; In scientific communication, the latest content may be reported in project forums and academic conferences, and then it will appear in scientific journals. Therefore, it is not enough to rely solely on periodicals. (2) Some students often use their own thesis topics directly when searching for documents, and because the thesis topics are relatively broad, there are often not many "related documents" directly retrieved. First of all, if there are many "directly related" documents that can be publicly searched, the significance of students' papers will be directly questioned. But more importantly, this "not much" may be an illusion, because many people do not use the same words or word combinations to describe the same content; Moreover, a research question actually contains many specific research points, and there are often a large number of documents for these research points, so it is difficult to search through a broad topic. The research problem must be deconstructed into a series of research points, and through the specific retrieval of these research points, we can get related problems. (3) When searching for documents, you should pay special attention to the documents related to the core research point of your own research problem (including those in other related fields and those with other names), and fully ensure the "recall rate" of this, so as to avoid finding that there are well-researched documents in this core research point after a long period of research (even when it is almost "completed"), and the results are better than yours (and you can't prove that you really did it in advance). At the same time, we should pay attention to tracking and retrieving documents at any time. (4) It should be noted that the purpose of literature retrieval is not simply to prove that "others have not done my research", but to understand and absorb the thoughts, methods, operations and analysis of others studying the same problem, similar problems and related problems. Regarding the gradual connection in the learning process, students should consider and analyze their topic selection, topic selection and research design in the whole learning stage before opening the topic, instead of rushing to deal with it two months before the notice of opening the topic.