Model document on agricultural machinery 1: Analysis on the influence of fuel consumption in agricultural mechanization production; The scale of agricultural production and the organization mode of operation are closely related to the fuel consumption in agricultural production. Large-scale operation, with high degree of organization, can reduce the field transfer of machines and tools, reduce the idle time of machines and tools, and effectively reduce the oil consumption during agricultural machinery operation.
First, the impact of business scale on fuel consumption
The operating conditions of agricultural machinery in China are relatively poor, and the small scale of agricultural machinery operation will also lead to an increase in oil consumption of agricultural machinery. According to the survey data analysis of agricultural machinery operators who participated in cross-regional operations, the scale of agricultural machinery operations is closely related to the oil consumption of agricultural machinery operations.
1. Analysis of Influencing Factors on Fuel Consumption of Mechanized Farming
For the oil consumption of machine tillage, it is not only significantly related to the area of machine tillage, but also negatively related to the area of cultivated land per capita, that is, the area of cultivated land per capita increases and the oil consumption decreases. This shows that the expansion of cultivated land management scale can bring about a certain decline in oil consumption of mechanized farming. From the perspective of saving fossil energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, we should also encourage various forms of scale operation under market conditions. It is found that terrain conditions have no significant effect on fuel consumption, which may be due to the fact that there is no significant difference in fuel consumption between flat land and hilly land, or that the current mechanized farming operations are mainly carried out on flat land. The planting ratio of rice and corn has no significant effect on the oil consumption of mechanical farming, which may be because there is little difference in oil consumption of mechanical farming regardless of planting corn or rice.
2. Analysis of influencing factors on fuel consumption of mechanical sowing.
As for the oil consumption of machine sowing, it is not only significantly related to the machine sowing area, but also negatively related to the per capita cultivated land area and the proportion of rice planting area to crop sowing area, that is, the oil consumption decreases with the increase of per capita cultivated land area. This still shows that the expansion of cultivated land management scale can bring about a certain decline in oil consumption of machine seeding. From the perspective of saving fossil energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, various forms of scale operation under market conditions should be encouraged. At the same time, because the oil consumption per unit operating area of rice transplanter is much lower than that of dry crops, the proportion of rice planting is also negatively correlated with the oil consumption of machine sowing, which shows that the oil consumption per unit operating area of rice machine sowing is lower than that of dry crops.
3. Analysis of influencing factors of engine fuel consumption
The oil consumption of mechanical collection is not only significantly related to the area of mechanical collection, but also negatively related to the per capita cultivated land area, that is, the oil consumption decreases with the increase of per capita cultivated land area. This shows that the expansion of cultivated land management scale can bring about a certain decline in machine fuel consumption. From the perspective of saving fossil energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, we should also encourage various forms of scale operation under market conditions. The influence of the scale of agricultural machinery operation on the fuel consumption of agricultural machinery operation is due to the small field of farmers, uneven land, few tractor roads and other reasons, resulting in too much useless work such as turning and turning in the field, and more ineffective exercise time in agricultural machinery operation. According to research, the 0.5hm2 plot is about 200 meters long and 20 meters wide. When working with a medium-sized tractor, 30% of the time is spent turning fields and plots, and the machine efficiency can only be 70%. On the other hand, a plot with a length of 1000m only needs about 10% turning and transferring time, and the machine efficiency can reach 90%. At the same time, the operation scale is too small, which leads to the failure of the machine to work at full capacity and low oil utilization rate. For example, if a farmer is assigned to a plot 300 meters long and 6 meters wide, he needs to sow 10 rows of corn. After a round trip, the 4-row corn seeder only has 2 rows left. The next time the seeder can only sow 2 rows, he has to run back empty. The seeder only works 2.5 times after 4 times of operation, and 1.5 times is idling. In addition, the operation scale is small, its scattered operation and fine land division make the machine consume more oil for the same operation. According to the survey, the combine harvests wheat in large plots, and the average fuel consumption is 24kg, while the average fuel consumption in small plots is 30kg, which is 20% higher. The average oil consumption of rotary tillage in large plots is 15kg, and that of a small plot is 19.5 ~ 22.5 kg, which is 30% ~ 50% higher. In addition, the working conditions of agricultural machinery in China are also poor, the cultivated land is uneven and the mechanized roads are poor. When working in a regular (rectangular field) flat large plot and an irregular and uneven small plot, the difference between productivity and fuel consumption may be as high as 50%. If the plot with a length of about 100 m is integrated into a plot with a length of 400m, the effective utilization rate of medium-sized machinery operation will be increased by 15% and the fuel consumption will be reduced by about 6%. In addition, there is a shortage of tractor roads in China, and field circulation often needs to be bypassed. Poor road conditions and slow driving speed also lead to increased fuel consumption.
Second, the influence of organizational model on fuel consumption
According to the survey data of Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization of the Ministry of Agriculture on the organization mode of agricultural machinery operation, the single factor of "whether to join the local agricultural machinery industry association or agricultural machinery cooperative" was analyzed by variance. As can be seen from Table 1, the average fuel cost of samples in different organizational models is obviously different under the same unit price of fuel. The average fuel cost of agricultural machinery households who participate in agricultural machinery industry associations or agricultural machinery cooperatives is 4.05 yuan lower than that of those who do not participate. This shows that agricultural machinery households who join local agricultural machinery industry associations or agricultural machinery cooperatives can get agricultural machinery maintenance services, maintenance knowledge training and more exchange opportunities provided by industry associations or cooperatives. Therefore, whether to join the local agricultural machinery industry association or agricultural machinery cooperative, that is, the agricultural machinery operation organization mode affects the fuel cost per unit area of agricultural machinery households.
Model essay ii on agricultural machinery: summary of problems and countermeasures in the popularization of agricultural machinery;
With the continuous transfer of rural population to cities, the development space of agricultural mechanization is broader, and the work of agricultural machinery extension departments has a long way to go. This paper mainly analyzes the problems and shortcomings existing in the popularization of modern grass-roots agricultural machinery, and puts forward some measures, such as innovating working ideas, carrying out experimental demonstration and technical training, and improving the professional quality of grass-roots agricultural machinery personnel, in order to ensure the effective development of grass-roots agricultural machinery popularization and realize the smooth progress of agricultural mechanization.
Keywords: agricultural machinery; Promotion; technician
Introduction to 0
Agricultural mechanization is one of the important means to alleviate the shortage of modern rural labor force, and it is also an important guarantee for the orderly flow of rural population to cities and towns. The country is also vigorously promoting the mechanization of agricultural production, such as agricultural machinery purchase subsidies, new professional farmers training and other policy measures, which have effectively promoted the development of modern agricultural machinery [1-2]. According to the requirements of agricultural extension law, it is the main way to develop agricultural mechanization to establish national, provincial, municipal, county, township and even village-level agricultural extension institutions. Because an applicable technology needs to be recognized by the people in a region, it is necessary to improve the promotion work. The reality is that there are still many problems to be solved in the promotion of modern grass-roots agricultural machinery.
Problems in 1
The promotion fund of 1. 1 is inconsistent with the demonstration and promotion work.
The promotion of agricultural machinery at the grass-roots level mainly includes the introduction, experiment and demonstration, publicity and training of related agricultural mechanization technologies. Every link needs a lot of work funds. For example, to introduce new mechanical technology, it is necessary to organize relevant technicians to conduct advanced, applicable and safe mechanical research in other places, and even the agricultural machinery extension department needs to purchase and conduct experiments and demonstrations first. In the process of experimental demonstration, the problem of experimental site needs to be solved first. Demonstration drives the surrounding farmers, and the extension department needs to have its own experimental field to carry out experimental demonstration. In addition, relevant on-site demonstration meetings are organized every year, and machine operation training meetings require a lot of work funds. At present, grass-roots agricultural machinery extension departments generally feel that the work funds are obviously insufficient and cannot meet the needs of extension work.
1.2 The professional quality of basic technicians is not high.
Due to the financial support of grass-roots agricultural extension departments in many areas, there are still some problems, such as personnel allocation can not be effectively implemented, wages can not meet the real social needs, social status can not be effectively reflected, and social recognition is not high. At the same time, the evaluation of professional titles in some places is biased towards high education and multi-achievement, and the actual situation at the grassroots level is not fully considered, which leads to serious difficulties in the evaluation of professional titles. These problems have greatly hit the enthusiasm of grass-roots agricultural extension workers, and there is a widespread phenomenon of low job satisfaction [3]. This social status and salary make high-level talents unwilling to join the agricultural extension team. The existing personnel's knowledge update is slow and aging. Their ability to learn new technologies and new machines is not strong, and they can't meet the needs of popularization. There are serious problems in their professional quality, and their educational background structure is obviously low.
1.3 infrastructure cannot meet the promotion requirements.
Effective extension work requires a venue, a car, a classroom and a set of equipment, which is the most basic configuration and also the requirement of the Agricultural Technology Extension Law. However, agricultural machinery extension departments in many areas are not sure of their fixed office locations. Not to mention the configuration of venues, cars, classrooms and equipment. On the one hand, many local governments have some financial difficulties, but most of them still don't recognize the promotion of agricultural machinery, thinking that this work is not very important and can be arranged behind. On the one hand, the main reason is that the promotion of agricultural machinery requires a lot of infrastructure investment, on the other hand, the effect is not obvious. Many local governments can't see the economic benefits, their attention has obviously dropped, and their investment in infrastructure construction is obviously insufficient.
2 countermeasures
2. 1 innovate working ideas and carry out experiments and demonstrations.
Experimental demonstration is a sacred mission entrusted to the agricultural machinery extension department by the agricultural technology extension law, a practical test of the adaptability, safety and economy of introducing new machines and technologies, and an effective means to drive the surrounding farmers to use new machines and technologies with facts. During the experiment and demonstration, due to the relative shortage of funds in some places, we can rely on the support of national agricultural science and technology projects, actively strive for national project funds, and at the same time make use of the fields of large agricultural machinery and cooperatives to innovate the experiment and demonstration work, so that large agricultural machinery households can use new ones. Therefore, relying on the support of national agricultural science and technology projects and agricultural machinery cooperatives, it is an effective measure to realize the innovation of experimental demonstration work mechanism, which is to solve the current shortage of departmental work funds.
2.2 Expand working methods and organize technical training.
Experimental demonstration is a main way of popularization, and organizing technical training is the most direct technical popularization. At present, the office conditions in some areas are relatively tight, so it is necessary to further expand the working mechanism, reorganize resources by using existing teaching resources, and ensure that there are venues and teachers for training. Now many places have their own agricultural machinery schools. These places have their own classrooms, teaching equipment and some experienced teachers. You can rely on some existing equipment of agricultural machinery school for technical training. In this way, the problems of teaching points and teachers are solved, the resources of grass-roots agricultural machinery extension departments and agricultural machinery schools are reorganized, and the effective organization and guarantee of agricultural machinery technical training are realized. At present, there are relatively many national vocational quality training programs for farmers and grass-roots agricultural extension workers. Grass-roots agricultural extension departments need to actively move closer to the agricultural sector and actively strive for the support of relevant training programs, so that the corresponding training funds can be effectively solved and the quality of training work can be guaranteed.
2.3 to enhance the promotion ability of agricultural extension personnel
At present, the professional quality of grass-roots agricultural extension workers is not strong, so it is necessary to continuously expand the training of grass-roots agricultural extension workers. At the national, provincial and municipal levels, it is necessary to increase the professional training of agricultural extension workers at county level, township level and village level, improve their professional quality, and organize relevant training in a planned way every year to realize the circulation and institutionalization of the training process. In a few years, grassroots technicians will be trained in rotation. At the same time, in the evaluation of professional titles, it is inclined to the grassroots to ensure that grassroots personnel have room for improvement and enthusiasm for work, so that they are more motivated to learn relevant advanced technologies and new machines.
3 Conclusion
The main reason for the problems in the promotion of agricultural machinery at the grass-roots level is that governments at all levels have not paid enough attention to the promotion of agricultural machinery and their recognition is not high. Therefore, as the agricultural machinery extension department, we should reverse the misunderstanding of the industry from our own reasons. Specifically, we should start with the key links of agricultural machinery popularization, innovate working ideas, carry out experiments and demonstrations, expand work areas and organize technical training, strengthen the construction of professional talents, and ensure the quality and effect of popularization technology.
refer to
[1] Shen Peihuai. Macro-control policy support to grasp the key points and solve the difficulties: Analysis on the countermeasures to alleviate the current situation of "big service" in China's agricultural machinery circulation [C] Proceedings of the 9th China Agricultural Machinery Forum and the 7th Asian Agricultural Machinery Summit, the 9th National Agricultural Machinery Circulation Quality Service Commendation Conference, the 2009 Agricultural Machinery Policy and Market Report, and the China Agricultural Machinery Industry Service "Three Rural Issues" Strategy and Policy Research Seminar, 2009:95-99.
[2] Wang. Constructing socialized agricultural machinery service system to promote the sound and rapid development of agriculture, countryside and farmers. On the Construction of Agricultural Machinery Service System in China from the Perspective of "Golden Service" Strategy [C] Proceedings of the 9th China Agricultural Machinery Forum and the 7th Asian Agricultural Machinery Summit, the 9th National Agricultural Machinery Circulation Quality Service Commendation Conference, the 2009 Agricultural Machinery Policy and Market Report, and the 2009 China Agricultural Machinery Industry Service Seminar: 145-66.
[3] Zhang beginning of spring. Strengthening the popularization of agricultural machinery and promoting the development of agricultural machinery industry [J]. Agricultural Development and Equipment, 20 15(9):58.
[4] Gao Hao. Analysis on Promoting Agricultural Mechanization under the New Normal [J]. Agricultural Mechanization in Jiangsu, 20 15(5):28-30.
[5] Tian Xiaoyu. Problems and Countermeasures of Agricultural Machinery Extension at Grass-roots Level [J]. Agricultural Development and Equipment, 2014 (11): 22.
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